n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND

WEST AFRICA

No 45, November 2016

www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND

WEST AFRICASecretariat

These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: swac.contact@oecd.org

Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity

T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its

coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases  3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have

1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.

reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation

is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.

Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS

FCT

Adamawa

BornoYobe

GombeBauchi

Taraba

Jigawa

Kano

Kaduna

KatsinaZamfara

Plateau

Niger

Kebbi

Sokoto

Oyo

Ogun

Lagos

OsunEkiti

Kwara

KogiBenue

Nassarawa

Cross River

Ebonyi

ImoAbia

OndoEdo

Delta

Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom

Anambra

Enugu

Lake Chad

FCT

Adamawa

BornoYobe

GombeBauchi

Taraba

Jigawa

Kano

Kaduna

Katsina

Zamfara

Plateau

Niger

Kebbi

Sokoto

Oyo

Ogun

Lagos

OsunEkiti

Kwara

KogiBenue

Nassarawa

Cross River

Ebonyi

ImoAbia

OndoEdo

Delta

Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom

Anambra

Enugu

Lake Chad

Phases of food insecurity

June-August 2017October-December 2016

Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed

No. 77, January 2019

MAPS & FACTS

This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specifi c requests: swac.contact@oecd.org

www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA

Secretariat

ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA

Secretariat

POLYGAMY REMAINS COMMON AND MOSTLY LEGAL IN WEST AFRICA

Polygamy has declined in the last decade but remains common in West Africa. For

example, 33% of women in Nigeria reported that their husbands have more than one wife (Demographic and Health Survey, 2013). This very old practice is essentially recognised under customary law and/or religious practices. In most West African countries, polygamy is also recognised and regulated by the civil law that allows a man to marry up to four women under certain conditions, including the financial capacity to support multiple wives and families. In practice, a polygamous union is in most cases limited

to two women per couple. Six West African countries have civil codes that formally prohibit polygamy (Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria) but legal restrictions are rarely enforced. Other countries such as Burkina Faso or Togo recognise polygamous unions under modern civil law, but allow couples or men (Chad, Mali and Senegal) to choose between a monogamous or polygamous union. In some countries such as Mauritania, a man is only allowed to marry a new woman with the consent of his existing spouse/s. In Nigeria, multiple marital regimes operate

in parallel. While civil law formally prohibits polygamy, the 12 northern states that are governed under Islamic Sharia law recognise polygamous marriages. If the vote on the new civil code is confirmed, Guinea will become the latest African country to legalise polygamy (following Kenya in 2014). The legal status of a married woman can help protect her and allow her access to certain rights. However, polygynous marriage contravenes a woman’s right to equality with men. Traditionally more prevalent in rural areas, polygamy has also adapted to the urban and educated environment.

Mali

Nigeria

Benin

TogoGhana

Burkina Faso

SenegalGambia

Cabo Verde

Côte d’Ivoire

Guinea*

Liberia

Sierra Leone

Guinea-Bissau

Chad

Mauritania

Polygamous marriages prohibited by civil law but widespread in practice

Legal status of polygamy

Polygamous marriages recognised by civil law; option to choose between monogamy and polygamy, in some cases

Polygamous marriages recognised by customary law and/or religious practices

*Guinea’s new civil code legalises polygamy (final approval pending).

Niger

Sources: Civil codes of Sahelian and West African countries, customary law and religious practices

n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND

WEST AFRICA

No 45, November 2016

www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND

WEST AFRICASecretariat

These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: swac.contact@oecd.org

Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity

T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its

coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases  3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have

1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.

reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation

is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.

Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS

FCT

Adamawa

BornoYobe

GombeBauchi

Taraba

Jigawa

Kano

Kaduna

KatsinaZamfara

Plateau

Niger

Kebbi

Sokoto

Oyo

Ogun

Lagos

OsunEkiti

Kwara

KogiBenue

Nassarawa

Cross River

Ebonyi

ImoAbia

OndoEdo

Delta

Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom

Anambra

Enugu

Lake Chad

FCT

Adamawa

BornoYobe

GombeBauchi

Taraba

Jigawa

Kano

Kaduna

Katsina

Zamfara

Plateau

Niger

Kebbi

Sokoto

Oyo

Ogun

Lagos

OsunEkiti

Kwara

KogiBenue

Nassarawa

Cross River

Ebonyi

ImoAbia

OndoEdo

Delta

Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom

Anambra

Enugu

Lake Chad

Phases of food insecurity

June-August 2017October-December 2016

Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed

Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes. Veuillez nous en informer et faire mention du copyright du CSAO. Pour des demandes spécifi ques, contacter : swac.contact@oecd.org

No 77, janvier 2019

MAPS & FACTS

www.oecd.org/fr/csao/cartes

Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST

Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST

Secrétariat du

LA POLYGAMIE RESTE LARGEMENT RÉPANDUE ET LÉGALE EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST

La polygamie a diminué au cours des dix dernières années mais reste courante en

Afrique de l’Ouest. Par exemple, 33 % des femmes au Nigéria ont déclaré que leur mari avait plus d’une femme  (enquête démographique et de santé, 2013). Cette pratique fort ancienne est essentiellement reconnue en vertu de droit coutumière et/ou pratiques religieuses Dans la majorité des pays ouest-africains, la polygamie est également reconnue et encadrée par la loi civile qui autorise un homme à épouser jusqu’à quatre femmes sous certaines conditions, notamment la capacité financière de subvenir aux besoins de plusieurs épouses et familles.

En pratique, une union polygame se limite dans la plupart des cas à deux femmes par couple. Six pays ouest-africains ont des codes civils prohibant o� iciellement la polygamie (Bénin, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinée et Nigéria) mais les restrictions légales ne sont pas véritablement appliquées. D’autres pays comme le Burkina Faso ou le Togo permettent au couple ou à l’homme (Mali, Sénégal, Tchad) de choisir selon le droit civil moderne d’être monogame ou polygame. Plusieurs pays, comme la Mauritanie, exigent le consentement des épouses existantes avant d’autoriser un homme à se marier à une nouvelle femme. Au Nigéria,

plusieurs régimes matrimoniaux sont en vigueur parallèlement. La législation civile interdit la polygamie mais les douze États du nord qui sont gouvernés selon la charia reconnaissent les mariages polygames. Si le vote du nouveau code civil est confirmé, la Guinée deviendra le dernier pays africain à légaliser la polygamie (après le Kenya en 2014). Le statut juridique de la femme mariée peut contribuer à la protéger et lui permettre d’accéder à certains droits. Cependant, les mariages polygames sapent l’égalité des droits entre les deux sexes. Traditionnellement plus répandue en milieu rural, la polygamie s’est également adaptée aux environnements urbains et éduqués.

Mali

Nigéria

Bénin

TogoGhana

Burkina Faso

SénégalGambie

Cabo Verde

Côte d’Ivoire

Guinée*

Libéria

Sierra Leone

Guinée-Bissau

Tchad

Mauritanie

Mariages polygames interdits par la loi civile mais répandus en pratique

Statut légal de la polygamie

Mariages polygames reconnus par la loi civile ; choix entre options monogamie ou polygamie dans certains cas

Mariages polygames reconnus par le droit coutumière et/ou pratiques religieuses

*Le nouveau code civil de la Guinée légalise la polygamie (en attente d’approbation définitive).

Niger

Sources : Codes civiles des pays sahéliens et ouest-africains, droit coutumier et pratiques religieuses