political struggles in france
DESCRIPTION
Political Struggles in France. Mr. McLaughlin. Congress of Vienna. Places Louis XVIII on the throne Ultra royalist - conservatives aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order ABSOLUTE RULE. Revolt in France. Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Political Struggles in France
Mr. McLaughlin
Congress of Vienna
• Places Louis XVIII on the throne• Ultra royalist- conservatives
aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order
• ABSOLUTE RULE
Revolt in France
• Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII• He tries to pass an act to repay Aristocrats
for lands lost in the French Revolution• This is an unpopular act
The legislative assembly becomes more liberal due to elections
The July Ordinances
• Charles issues in response to the legislative assembly
• The ordinances abolish freedom of the press
• Restricts voting rights
The Papers call for a Rebellion
• July 27th, 1830—Angry Parisians storm the streets
• By July 29th—”3 Glorious Days”• Revolutionaries force Charles X to give up
his rights as monarch and abdicate the throne
• He flees to Great Britain
Louis Philippe
• Cousin of Charles accepts the throne• Becomes known as the Citizen-King• He dressed and acted like a middle-class
person• He supported the wealthy• People began to demand political reforms
– Especially in voting rights
Citizen-King
• Louis Philippe refused• People appealed to the Prime Minister
Francois Guizot (Gee-Zoh)
Revolt of 1848
• In 1848 a political banquet was held• Guizot tries to cancel it—too late• Louis Philippe calls in the troops• The troops sympathized w/the rebels and
join them• Louis Philippe fearing—abdicates and flees
to Great Britain
The Second Empire
• France is now claiming to be a Republic• Now want a President• Extend Voting Rights to all males• Only briefly do the French enjoy the
freedoms of the 1848 Revolt
The Rise of Louis Napoleon
Presidential Elections of 1848• Louis Napoleon is the nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte• Won overwhelmingly• Presented himself as a reformer but really
wants to establish himself as Emperor• Gained the confidence of the Army,
Church, middle class and peasants
• Support of Catholics created an uproar in Paris
• Louis Napoleon uses this to show that the Republic doesn’t work
• National Assembly restricted people due to the violence in Paris
• Louis Napoleon uses this to his advantage• Revoked voting Rts. Of 1/3rd of the people
Coup d’etat
• Dec. 2, 1851 Louis Napoleon quickly seizes power
• He dissolves the National Assembly• Arrest 70 of his opponents• He reestablishes voting Rts. For all French
men (This makes him popular)• He calls for a plebiscite (National Vote)
• This gives him the right to create a new Constitution
• 2nd Plebiscite vote on the constitution• 95% in favor of the new constitution
that turns France from a Republic to a Heritary Empire
• 1852-----Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III of France
Results
• He does have successful economic programs
• Built new railroads and roads• Restricted press and civil liberties
The Crimean War
France and Britainvs
Russia
• Fighting over the Ottoman Empire• Over who would protect Christians
visiting the Holy sites in the Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman’s pick the French• Czar Nicholas I upset—tries to
extend Russian territories by expanding on the Ottoman’s land in the Balkans
The Balkans
• France/G. Britain want to protect their trading resources in the Ottoman Empire—Middle East
• Ottoman’s declare war on Russia in 1854• France, G.B. and Sardinia (small Italian
kingdom)• Most fighting takes place on the Crimean
Peninsula (just into the Black Sea from the Southern Ukraine)
• 1854-1855 Winter Hits• Armies battled: cold, violent storms,
cholera, frostbite and other diseases• Diseases caused more deaths than actual
fighting• 1855 British troops capture Sebastopol (port
town)• Russia is forced to make peace• 1856 Crimean War Ends
Crimean Peninsula
End of an Empire
• Napoleon III declares war on Prussia (July 19, 1870)
• He fears their growing power• Known as the Franco-Prussian War• French defeated in just over 6 weeks• Prussia wins at Sedan and take Napoleon III
as a prisoner (Sept. 2)
• The Empire collapses (Why?)• Prussia occupies France for 4
months before a truce is signed.
Peace with Prussia
• French elected a new National Assembly• Surrendered the provinces of Alsace and
Lorraine• Pay 5 billion francs (1billion U.S. dollars)• Prussia staged a victory march through
Paris---humiliating to the French
The New National Assembly
• Reinstated the rents of Parisian (suspended due to Prussian occupation)
• Stop paying the National Guard—Many Parisians are in
• This leads to Civil Unrest
The Commune of Paris
• During the revolt the workers established a Socialist Government known as The Commune of Paris
• Refuse to recognize the National Assembly• Called for France to become a decentralized
federation of independent cities• Declared war on propertied owning class
and church
• Introduced a new 10 hour workday• National Assembly fought back with the
army—in Paris• The commune burned public buildings
Bloody Week
• May 1871• During the week, the military arrested over
40,000 people• More than 20,000 killed• The Commune falls
The Third Republic
• 1875—New Constitution makes France a Republic again
• Provides for a 2 house legislature• The 2 houses elect a president• Every official act needed the support of
both houses• Cabinet of Ministers were responsible for
gov’t policy
• A new post is made• Premier• He was to handle all the executive
business
Threats to the Republic
• General Georges Boulanger (Boo-lahn-ZHAY)
• Hero-wanted France to seek revenge against Prussia
• Elections held in 1888 – prevailing attitude: Royalist support him and oppose the Republic
• He is urged (1889) to overthrow the Republic—Coup de’tat
• Gov’t tries to arrest him for treason• He flees to Belgium• The movement collapses w/o its leader
Panama Canal
• 1890’s France is trying to build the canal• The project fails—thousands of French
stockholders lost money• Scandals of dishonesty and poor
management practices• Gov’t officials are implicated---bribes are
given
Results of the failure of the Canal
• Elections of 1893• Nearly 50 socialists won seats in the
national convention• Socialism is growing in France
The Dreyfus Affair
• Alfred Dreyfus—Jewish military officer was arrested and charged with selling military secrets to the Germans
• Convicted and sentenced to life on Devil’s Island• Prison colony off the coast of South America• Many supporters and family maintained his
innocence
• 1897– evidence pointed to the fact that the evidence was forged
• Supporters demanded a retrial• Gov’t refused• This Affair becomes a national issue and
divided France• Socialist on Dreyfus side
• 1906—Civil Court pardoned Dreyfus• Reinstated him to the French army
• THE REPUBLIC SURVIVES THESE 3 THREATS
• 1905-France separates Church and State