Unit 13 Political Revolutions:

America, France, and Latin America

The American Revolution (1775-1783)

When American colonists fought for their independence from Great Britain

Origins of the American Revolution

Colonists were influenced by….

Religious freedom

Legacy of the Glorious Revolution

Enlightenment philosophers (John Locke)

Origins of the American Revolution

Colonists objected to the British government’s imposing new taxes with out their consent, “taxation without representation”

American Revolution Declaration of Independence-written by

Thomas Jefferson, applied Enlightenment ideas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_56cZGRMx4

American Revolution U.S. Constitution—established a stable

republican government with separated powers and a system of checks and balances (Montesquieu)

Impact of American Revolution Success of American Revolution is

going to encourage the outbreak of other revolutions

French Revolution Independence movement in Latin

America http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=TB2N9Iqpbbk&feature=related

The French Revolution (1789-1799)

“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”

Causes of the French Revolution Inequality among Estates (social

classes)

1st estate (clergy) 2nd estate (nobles) 3rd estate (bourgeoisie, peasants)

Severe financial crisis

American Rev, Population growth, Bad harvests

Spread of enlightenment ideas questioned traditions and privileges

Main Events of the French Revolution Louis XVI summoned the Estates

General (clergy, nobles, commoners) to vote on new taxes for the nobles

Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly

Main Events of the French RevolutionCitizens storm the

Bastille (feared monarchy retaliation)

National Assembly:

-issues the Declaration of the Rights of Man

-abolished hereditary privileges

-created Constitutional Monarchy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB2N9Iqpbbk&feature=related

Main Events of the French Revolution King Louis XVI refused to cooperate Convention overthrows and executes

Louis XVI in 1793

The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn

France at war with most of Europe Introduced mass conscription

The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn Robespierre launched revolutionary

Reign of Terror against all dissenters Radical leaders are later executed The Revolution “devoured its own

children”…

Impact of French Revolution

Challenged the idea of divine right and noble privilege in Europe

Removed feudal restrictions from French Economy

Bourgeoisie has political power not king and nobles (Democratic Govt and social equality)

American and French Rev serves as models for citizens wanting political change

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo

The Age of Napoleon“ Is it because they are lucky that they become great? No, but by

being great, they have been able to master luck.”

Napoleon Bonaparte

The Rise of Napoleon General during French Revolution Seizes power in 1799 Declares himself emperor

The Rise of Napoleon Napoleonic Code combined traditional laws with

principles of the Revolution—all citizens equal before the law, individuals choose

profession, religious toleration, abolish serfdom and feudal system

* established efficient bureaucracy based on merit (rise of new French nobility)

--Napoleon also consolidated power, limited free speech, and restored slavery

PRESERVER OF REV OR TYRANT?

* Introduced French Rev ideas to other European countries

The Rise of Napoleon Conquered most of Europe, but spreads

anti-French feelings and nationalism www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttLXTlcgYV4

The Fall of Napoleon Attacked Russia but invasion ended in

defeat Army is then defeated by a coalition of

European rulers

The Impact of Napoleon France—law code that promoted social

equality, religious toleration, trial by jury

Europe—Introduced ideals of French Rev to rest of Europe (ending serfdom)

World—Growth of Nationalism, weakened Spain (loss of colonies), Louisiana Purchase to US

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOki3qAZe4g&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=4

Restoring the Old Order Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)

-- restored monarchs (legitimacy)

--established a “balance of power”, to prevent any country from being dominant

Restoring the Old Order (1815-1848)

European leaders (Metternich) crush revolutions and rising nationalist spirit throughout Europe

Restoring the Old Order (1815-1848)

William Wilberforce—English Reformer

--led fight to abolish slavery and slave trade in England

--gets slavery abolished in France, Spain, and all whole of British Empire

Latin American Independence

The Independence of Latin America Enlightenment ideas Success of American Rev Outbreak of French Rev

--all seek to encourage Latin American leaders to seek independence

The Road to Independence Free blacks and slaves of Haiti (Touissant

L’Ouverture) rebelled

--Haiti first Latin American colony to achieve independence

The Road to Independence

When France occupied Spain during Napoleonic Wars, Latin American colonies governed themselves

In 1814, King of Spain tried to impose old restrictions on commerce of Latin America

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWwKSvz0UIs&feature=related

The Road to Independence

Latin American leaders fight Spain and gain independence

--Simon Bolivar (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)

--Jose de San Martin (Argentina, Chile)

Study Resources Crash Course World History

American Revolutionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=HlUiSBXQHCw&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=28

French Revolutionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=lTTvKwCylFY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

Latin American Revolutionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8

French Revolution Acrostic--In groups of no more than three you will create an

acrostic poem explaining and summarizing the important events and people of the French Revolution

Step 1) Write French Revolution vertically and create a poem using each letter as the beginning of a line

Step 2) include an explanation or summary of the following information in your poem (Louis XVI, Robespierre, Napoleon, Marie Antoinette, Reign of Terror, National Assembly, Estates-General, Declaration of the Rights of Man, Committee of Public Safety)

Step 3) Answer the following question within your poem, Was the French Revolution a success or a failure

American Revolution

Old Regime (Monarchy)

French Revolution

Napoleon

Important People:

Summary:

Results:

American Revolution

Old Regime (Monarchy)

French Revolution

Napoleon

Important People:Thomas JeffersonG. WashingtonJohn Locke, Montesquieu

Louis XVIMarie Antoinette

RobespierreDantonMarat

Napoleon Duke of Wellington

Summary:Colonists influenced by the enlightenment and opposed to taxation without representation fought and won a revolution against England.

Louis XVI bankrupt France by spending on foreign conflicts and royal life, angered citizens with heavy taxes and unfair representation

Inequality among the estates, financial crisis, enlightenment ideas leads to overthrow of social order and beginning of new government by the people based on terror

Emperor of France who seized power and spread French rev ideals throughout Europe by conquest and law system, later defeated and exiled

Results: Dec of Ind, ConstitutionEncouraged other revolutions in France and Latin America

Bankruptcy of France, Angered the people of France, Showed that absolute monarchies must be replaced with govt’s by the people

Dec of Rights of man, Execution of Monarchy, Reign of terror, Proof that people can change their governments

Napoleonic Code, Spread of French Ideals through the rest of Europe, return of monarchies to most of europe