LUIS FELIPE L ÓPEZ-CALVA AND INDU JOHN-ABRAHAM

POVERTY, GENDER AND EQUITY UNIT (LCSPP)LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION

Policies for Gender Equity through Development Policy Lending in Pernambuco

Background Questions

Why Brazil?

Why Pernambuco?

Why a DPL versus other instruments?

Why gender?

Pernambuco and the Northeast of Brazil

Why Pernambuco?: The interiorização strategy

Why Pernambuco?: Pernambuco and Brazil

Figure 1: Growth, Poverty and Inequality

Source: IBGE/Ipeadata Note: The poverty line is defined as the double of the extreme poverty line, which is defined as the costs of basic food basket that supply the minimum individual caloric intake. The poverty line varies between regions, states, urban, rural and metropolitan areas. Poverty lines account for these differences.

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GDP Growth Rate5-year average growth rate

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GDP per capita

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Gini coefficient

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Poverty Headcount (%)

Table A5.10: Percentage of people employed by sector and gender

Source: Own calculations based on PNAD for 2009

Female Male Agriculture, cattle farming, fisheries. 5.74 21.31 Fishing 0.08 0.43 Mining -- 0.17 Manfacturing 8.42 9.97 Electricity, Water, and Gas 0.15 0.75 Construction 0.61 11.11 Commerce 16.45 20.45 Hotels and Restaurants 4.97 3.27 Transport, Warehouse, and Communications 1.15 7.15 Financial markets 0.92 1.15 Real State 5.74 8.99 Public Administration and Defense 6.96 7.06 Public Education 9.72 2.07 Social Services and Health 7.19 1.72 Other activities related to community and social services 7.19 2.93 Domestic worker 24.71 1.46 Extraterritorial organizations -- --

Why Gender?: Economic Opportunities

Why Gender?: Gender and Poverty in Pernambuco

Figure A5.8: Gender and Racial distribution of the population by Income quintile (%)

Source: Authors’ calculations based on PNAD for 2009

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Why Gender?: Importance of Gender Equality in Pernambuco

Improving endowments with ground still to be gained: Higher educational attainment for females Relatively poorer health indicators

Limited economic opportunities Low female labor force participation Wage and income disparities

Weaknesses in agency Relatively high rates of physical violence Relatively high rates of sexual violence

The How – Motivation for the Inclusion of Gender in the Pernambuco DPL

Concordance within the Bank among the Board, CMU and Sector Unit

DPL focused on opportunities and equityReceptiveness of the Borrower

The How – Process of Inclusion of Gender in the Pernambuco DPL

Clarity in the importance of the policy reform with the creation of a permanent Secretariat for Women

Restrictions in the time period defined by the DPL

Indicators opportunity to strengthen the focus of the agenda of the Secretariat

Dialogue facilitating new perspectives and potential future lines of work

The Who: The Secretaria da Mulher

Special Secretariat for Women since 2007 Focus on rights-based training Job training in non-traditional sectors for women Background of activism and advocacy

Permanent Secretariat for Women in 2011 Elevated position in the political hierarchy Expansion into new areas of work Need to better define and develop into their new role Need for greater M&E to facilitate policy design and

implementation

The What – Gender Component in Pernambuco DPL (Concept Stage)

POLICY ACTION INDICATORS

Prior Action 2.1.1. ATTRACT NEW INVESTMENTS THROUGH:a. Incentive Policy for Attracting

Investment;b. New Policy - Program for

Industrial Infrastructure Development

Level of female labor force participation (XX% closer to the national average)

Prior Action 2.1.2. ADAPT AND QUALIFY THE HUMAN CAPITAL TO NEW MARKET REALITY

• % change in share of female graduates from vocational schools

Prior Action 2.1.3. INITIATIVE TO ENCOURAGE STATE AND LOCAL PRODUCTIVE CHAINS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

% of female-owned enterprises supported relative to the total

% change in female employment in small and medium size enterprises

The What – Gender Component in Pernambuco DPL (ROC Stage)

POLICY ACTION INDICATORSThe Borrower has strengthened its institutional framework aimed at promoting gender equality through the creation of a permanent Women’s Secretariat (Secretaria da Mulher) to replace the former temporary special Women’s Secretariat, as evidenced by Law No. 14.264 of January 6, 2011 and Gubernatorial Decree No. 36.659 of June 14, 2011, which approves the regulations of the Women’s Secretariat.

Increase in the number of municipal entities for women

Increase in the number women who have received professional training

Number of shelters established

The What – Gender Component in Pernambuco DPL (Negotiations Stage)

POLICY ACTION INDICATORSThe Borrower has strengthened its institutional framework aimed at promoting gender equality through the creation of a permanent Women’s Secretariat (Secretaria da Mulher) to replace the former temporary special Women’s Secretariat, and the approval of regulations for said secretariat, as evidenced by the Borrower’s Law No. 14.264 of January 6, 2011 and Gubernatorial Decree No. 36.659 of June 14, 2011, respectively.

Increase in the number public employees who have received training on gender issues

Creation of regional coordinators in the 12 development regions of the state

Initial Reflections

Importance of support from Bank management

Importance of equity to policy agenda of government

Highlights the importance of gender equity to an agenda of inclusive growth

Definition of indicators critical to dialogue in shaping agenda