Police Organization and Management

Chapter #6

Police Mission in U.S.

1. enforce / support _____ 2. investigate _____ 3. apprehend _____

4. _____ crime 5. ensure ___________

6. provide community with _____

Enforcing law

_____% - _____% of all calls to police require a police response

Police must respond regardless

Crime prevention

Proactive 1.

2.

3. Prevention based

on _____

Crime prevention

Compstat: crime analysis & police

management based upon crime

mapping ________ + ________

+ __________ = reduction or lower risk

Quality of life issues

Broken window theoryWeed-and-seed programs

Police services

911 – emergency calls311 – non-emergency calls

Preventive patrol

Uniformed officers on street:

1. 2. 3.

4. psychological feeling of safety

Routine response

2nd most important function

Response time: from dispatch

to arrival

Emergency response

Critical incidencesHuman life in jeopardy

Crime scene

Physical area where a crime is __________& __________

Crime scene response

1. determine whether a crime’s been committed

2. initiate enforcement action

3. gather evidence 4. forensic

specialists

Problem solving

SARA – scanning / analysis / respond / assess

Support services

Dispatch / training / property control / records / evidence

Police management

_____ / _____ / coordinating __________

Police Organization and Structure

Line Operations Field activities or

supervisory activities directly related to day-to-day police work

Staff Operations Include support

roles, such as administration

Most police organization is structured along lines of authority.

Chain of command

Unbroken line of authority that ________________________

Span-of-control

__________ a ranked officer supervises

Historical Eras in American Policing

Styles of policing

Watchman style

Maintain _____ Control _____

behavior Consider using

______ Inner city style

Urban areas

Legalistic style

Enforce the law

Ignore quality of life issues

Service style

Try to meet community needs

Helping as opposed to arresting

Team policing

Assign officers to fixed districts

Get to know the community

Community policing

Police-Community Relations

1. store front police 2. neighborhood

watch 3. Project ID

4. Youth fingerprinting

At least 1 of 4 of the following

1. community-based crime prevention

2. re-orient police to non-emergency

service 3. increase police

accountability 4. decentralized

command

Strategic policing

Attacks organized crime:

Problem oriented

Use social _____ to attack social ______

Critique of Community Policing

Some criticize community policing, citing problems such as:

Too abstract of a concept Hard-to-measure success Difficult to conceptualize and quantify “citizen success” Not readily accepted by all police officers or managers Difficulty coming to a consensus with regard to what’s considered a “community problem”

Impact of terrorism

1. increased federal aid to ______ 2. re-define ______

3. re-direct patrol to _____ 4. creation of _____

5. protect people 6. new technology

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach

IACP announced its Taking Command Initiative in2004. They identified five key principles behindan effective homeland security policy.

1. Homeland security proposals must be developed in local context.

2. Prevention is a key part of any strategy.3. State and local law enforcement can help identify,

investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects.4. Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not

federally.5. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach considering

the vast diversity among state and local law enforcement and public safety agencies.

Intelligence-led policing

Use of intelligence to fight terrorism

Criminal intelligence – info compiled / analyzed

/ disseminated in order to anticipate / prevent / monitor criminal activity

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach

IACP announced its Taking Command Initiative in2004. They identified five key principles behindan effective homeland security policy.

1. Homeland security proposals must be developed in local context.

2. Prevention is a key part of any strategy.3. State and local law enforcement can help identify,

investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects.4. Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not

federally.5. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach considering

the vast diversity among state and local law enforcement and public safety agencies.

MATRIX – multi-state anti-terrorism information exchange

Exchange of sensitive info b/wfederal / state / local

Boundary-less policing

Discretion = choice

Basis of what a police officer does

discretion

Influences: 1. officer’s _____

2. suspect’s _____ 3. department _____

4. _____ interest 5. pressure from

_____ 6. disagreement with

_____

Police ethics / accreditation

Adhere to the moral duty /

obligation that is inherent in police

work

National standards that include

ethical behavior

Education / training

http://www.mpoetc.state.pa.us/mpotrs/site/default.asp

Selection process

1. written test 2. oral test 3. personal

interview 4. physical agility

test 5. medical exam 6. drug testing

7. psychological test

Percentage of Local Police Departments Using Various Recruit-Screening Methods, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)

Ethnic & gender diversity

2000 – _____% of officers were non-

Caucasian

Females ___% - all police

jobs ___% - minority

females ___% - top

command ___% - supervisors ___% - line officers