pocket world in figures 2008 editionfile/_id1/20/_id2/0000008327.pdfbiggest exporters most and least...

POCKET WORLD IN FIGURES2008 EDITION

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O T H E R E C O N O M I S T B O O K S

Guide to Analysing CompaniesGuide to Business ModellingGuide to Business Planning

Guide to Economic IndicatorsGuide to the European Union

Guide to Financial MarketsGuide to Investment StrategyGuide to Management Ideas

Guide to Organisation DesignGuide to Project Management

Numbers GuideStyle Guide

Brands and BrandingBusiness ConsultingBusiness Miscellany

Business StrategyChina’s Stockmarket

Dealing with Financial RiskEconomics

Future of TechnologyHeadhunters and How to Use Them

The CityWall Street

Essential DirectorEssential EconomicsEssential Negotiation

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PocketWorld inFigures2008 Edition

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T H E E C O N O M I S T I N A S S O C I AT I O N W I T H P R O F I L E B O O K S LT D

Published by Profile Books Ltd, 3A Exmouth House, Pine Street, London EC1R 0JH

This edition published by Profile Books in association withThe Economist, 2007

Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Ltd, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,

2004, 2005, 2006, 2007

Material researched and compiled by Andrea Burgess, Ulrika Davies, Mark Doyle, Andrew Gilbert,Conrad Heine, Carol Howard, Stella Jones, Rishad Jonuschat,

David McKelvey, Keith Potter, Christopher Wilson, Simon Wright

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyrightreserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission ofboth the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

The greatest care has been taken in compiling this book. However, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers or compilers

for the accuracy of the information presented.

Typeset in Officina by MacGuru [email protected]

Printed in Italy by Graphicom

A CIP catalogue record for this book is availablefrom the British Library

ISBN 978 1 86197 844 8

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ContentsCONTENTS

10 Notes11 Abbreviations

13 Part I World Rankings

14 Countries: natural factsCountries: the largest Mountains: the highestRivers: the longest Deserts: the largest Lakes: the largestIslands: the largest

16 Population: size and growthLargest populations 2005 Largest populations 2025Fastest growing populations Slowest growing populations

18 Population: matters of breedingHighest and lowest fertility ratesHighest and lowest crude birth ratesHighest and lowest contraception useHighest and lowest births to women aged 15–19

20 Population: ageHighest and lowest median age 2005Highest and lowest median age 2050Highest populations aged 0–14Highest populations aged 60 and overHighest populations aged 80 and over

22 City livingBiggest cities Fastest growing cities Slowest growing citiesHighest and lowest % urban population Highest % of population in a single cityHighest and lowest quality of life

25 Refugees and asylumLargest refugee nationalitiesCountries with largest refugee populationsAsylum applications by originIndustrialised countries with most asylum applications

26 The world economyBiggest economies Biggest economies by purchasing powerRegional GDP Regional purchasing power Regional populationRegional international trade

28 Living standardsHighest GDP per head Lowest GDP per headHighest purchasing power per headLowest purchasing power per head

30 The quality of lifeHighest human development indexLowest human development index Economic freedom index Gender-related development index

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32 Economic growthHighest economic growth Lowest economic growthHighest services growth Lowest services growth

34 Trading placesBiggest exporters Most and least trade dependentBiggest traders of goods Biggest traders of services and income

36 Balance of payments: current accountLargest surpluses Largest deficitsLargest surpluses as % of GDP Largest deficits as % of GDPWorkers’ remittances Official reserves

39 Exchange ratesBig Mac index

40 InflationHighest and lowest consumer price inflationCommodity prices: change House prices: change

42 DebtHighest foreign debt Highest foreign debt burdenHighest debt service ratios

44 AidLargest donors Largest recipients

46 Industry and servicesLargest industrial outputHighest and lowest growth in industrial outputLargest manufacturing output Largest services output

48 AgricultureMost economically dependent on agricultureLeast economically dependent on agricultureHighest growth Lowest growthBiggest producers: cereals, meat, fruit, vegetables

50 CommoditiesLeading producers and consumers of: wheat, rice, sugar,coarse grains, tea, coffee, cocoa, copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel,aluminium, precious metals, rubber, raw wool, cotton, major oilseeds, oil, natural gas, coal, oil reserves

56 EnergyLargest producers Largest consumersMost and least energy efficient Highest and lowest net importersLargest consumption per head Sources of electricity

58 Workers of the worldHighest % of population in labour forceMost male workforce Most female workforceLowest % of population in labour forceHighest rate of unemployment

60 The business worldGlobal competitiveness The business environment

CONTENTS

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62 Business creativity and researchInnovation indexInformation and communications technology indexHighest and lowest brain drains R&D expenditurePatents granted and in force

64 Business costs and FDIOffice rents Employment costs Foreign direct investment

65 Business burdens and corruptionDays to register a new company Corruption perceptions indexBusiness software piracy

66 Businesses and banksLargest businesses Largest banks

68 StockmarketsLargest market capitalisationHighest growth in market capitalisationHighest growth in value tradedHighest growth in number of listed companies

70 Transport: roads and carsLongest road networks Densest road networksMost crowded road networks Most used road networksHighest car ownership Lowest car ownershipMost injured in road accidents Most killed in road accidents

74 Transport: planes and trainsMost air travel Busiest airports Longest railway networksMost rail passengers Most rail freight

76 Transport: shippingLargest merchant fleets Maritime trading

77 TourismMost tourist arrivals Biggest tourist spendersLargest tourist receipts

78 EducationHighest primary enrolment Lowest primary enrolmentHighest tertiary enrolment Least literateHighest education spending Lowest education spending

80 Life expectancyHighest life expectancy Highest male life expectancyHighest female life expectancy Lowest life expectancyLowest male life expectancy Lowest female life expectancy

82 Death rates and infant mortalityHighest death rates Highest infant mortalityLowest death rates Lowest infant mortality

84 Death and diseaseDiabetes Heart disease Cancer Tuberculosis Measlesimmunisation DPT immunisationHIV/AIDS prevalence and deaths

CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

86 HealthHighest health spending Lowest health spendingHighest population per doctor Lowest population per doctorMost hospital beds Highest child well-being

88 Marriage and divorceHighest marriage rates Lowest marriage ratesHighest divorce rates Lowest divorce rates

90 Households and living costsBiggest number of households Biggest householdsSmallest households Smallest number of householdsHighest cost of living Lowest cost of living

92 Consumer goods ownershipTV Telephone CD player Computer Mobile telephone

94 Cinemas and newspapersCinema attendances Daily newspapers

95 Music and the internetMusic sales Internet hosts

96 Nobel prize winnersPeace Economics Literature MedicinePhysics Chemistry

97 Olympic medal winnersSummer games, 1896–2004 Winter games, 1924–2006

98 Drinking and smokingBeer drinkers Wine drinkers Alcoholic drinksSmokers

99 Crime and punishmentMurders Death penalty Prisoners

100 Stars …Space missions Space vehicle launches

101 … and WarsDefence spending Armed forces

103 EnvironmentBiggest emitters of carbon dioxide Biggest increases and falls in carbon dioxide emissions Largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions per person Biggest emissions of carbon dioxide relative to GDP Lowest use of improved sanitation facilities City health and sanitation index Organic cropland Fertiliser use Protected areas National parks and nature reserves

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107 Part II Country Profiles

108 Algeria 178 Mexico110 Argentina 180 Morocco112 Australia 182 Netherlands114 Austria 184 New Zealand116 Bangladesh 186 Nigeria118 Belgium 188 Norway 120 Brazil 190 Pakistan122 Bulgaria 192 Peru124 Cameroon 194 Philippines126 Canada 196 Poland128 Chile 198 Portugal130 China 200 Romania132 Colombia 202 Russia134 Côte d’Ivoire 204 Saudi Arabia136 Czech Republic 206 Singapore138 Denmark 208 Slovakia140 Egypt 210 Slovenia142 Estonia 212 South Africa144 Finland 214 South Korea146 France 216 Spain148 Germany 218 Sweden150 Greece 220 Switzerland152 Hong Kong 222 Taiwan154 Hungary 224 Thailand156 India 226 Turkey158 Indonesia 228 Ukraine160 Iran 230 United Arab Emirates162 Ireland 232 United Kingdom164 Israel 234 United States166 Italy 236 Venezuela168 Japan 238 Vietnam170 Kenya 240 Zimbabwe172 Latvia 242 Euro area174 Lithuania 244 World176 Malaysia

246 Glossary248 List of countries253 Sources

CONTENTS

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10

Notes

This 2008 edition of The Economist Pocket World in Figuresincludes new rankings on such things as such things ascontraception use, populations over 80, increases incommodity prices and house prices, brain drains, maritimetraders, children's well-being, murders, executions andseveral environmental measures. The world rankings consider183 countries; all those with a population of at least 1m or aGDP of at least $1bn; they are listed on pages 248–52. Thecountry profiles cover 67 major countries. Also included areprofiles of the euro area and the world. The extent and qualityof the statistics available varies from country to country. Everycare has been taken to specify the broad definitions on whichthe data are based and to indicate cases where data quality ortechnical difficulties are such that interpretation of thefigures is likely to be seriously affected. Nevertheless, figuresfrom individual countries may differ from standardinternational statistical definitions. The term “country” canalso refer to territories or economic entities.

Some country definitionsMacedonia is officially known as the Former Yugoslav Republicof Macedonia. Serbia includes Montenegro. Data for Cyprusnormally refer to Greek Cyprus only. Data for China do notinclude Hong Kong or Macau. For countries such as Moroccothey exclude disputed areas. Congo-Kinshasa refers to theDemocratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire.Congo-Brazzaville refers to the other Congo. Data for the EUrefer to the 25 members as at May 2004: Austria, Belgium,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and theUnited Kingdom plus Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia,Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia andSlovenia. The euro area includes all of the first 15 in that listexcept Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Statistical basisThe all-important factor in a book of this kind is to be able tomake reliable comparisons between countries. Although thisis never quite possible for the reasons stated above, the bestroute, which this book takes, is to compare data for the sameyear or period and to use actual, not estimated, figureswherever possible. Where a country’s data is excessively out ofdate, it is excluded, which is the reason there is no countryprofile of Iraq in this edition. The research for this edition of

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The Economist Pocket World in Figures was carried out in 2007using the latest available sources that present data on aninternationally comparable basis. Data, therefore, unlessotherwise indicated, refer to the year ending December 31 2005.

In the country profiles, life expectancy, crude birth, deathand fertility rates are based on 2005–10 averages; humandevelopment indices and energy data are for 2004; marriageand divorce data refer to the latest year for which figures areavailable. Employment, health and education data are for thelatest year between 2000 and 2005.

Other definitionsData shown in country profiles may not always be consistentwith those shown in the world rankings because thedefinitions or years covered can differ. Data may also differbetween two different rankings.

Most countries’ national accounts are now compiled on aGDP basis so, for simplicity, the term GDP has been usedinterchangeably with GNP or GNI.

Statistics for principal exports and principal imports arenormally based on customs statistics. These are generallycompiled on different definitions to the visible exports andimports figures shown in the balance of payments section.

Definitions of the statistics shown are given on the relevantpage or in the glossary on page 246. Figures may not addexactly to totals, or percentages to 100, because of roundingor, in the case of GDP, statistical adjustment. Sums of moneyhave generally been converted to US dollars at the officialexchange rate ruling at the time to which the figures refer.

Energy consumption data are not always reliable,particularly for the major oil producing countries;consumption per head data may therefore be higher than inreality. Energy exports can exceed production and importscan exceed consumption if transit operations distort tradedata or oil is imported for refining and re-exported.

NOTES 11

Abbreviationsbn billion (one thousand million)

EU European Union

kg kilogram

km kilometre

GDP Gross domestic product

GNI Gross national income

GNP Gross national product

ha hectare

m million

PPP Purchasing power parity

TOE tonnes of oil equivalent

trn trillion (one thousand billion)

… not available

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Worldrankings

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Countries: natural facts

14 WORLD RANKINGS

Mountains: the highestb

Name Location Height (m)

Countries: the largesta

’000 sq km

1 Russia 17,0752 Canada 9,9713 China 9,5614 United States 9,3735 Brazil 8,5126 Australia 7,6827 India 3,2878 Argentina 2,7679 Kazakhstan 2,717

10 Sudan 2,50611 Algeria 2,38212 Congo 2,34513 Saudi Arabia 2,20014 Greenland 2,17615 Mexico 1,97316 Indonesia 1,90417 Libya 1,76018 Iran 1,64819 Mongolia 1,56520 Peru 1,28521 Chad 1,28422 Niger 1,26723 Angola 1,24724 Mali 1,24025 South Africa 1,22626 Colombia 1,14227 Ethiopia 1,13428 Bolivia 1,09929 Mauritania 1,03130 Egypt 1,000

31 Tanzania 94532 Nigeria 92433 Venezuela 91234 Namibia 82435 Pakistan 80436 Mozambique 79937 Turkey 77938 Chile 75739 Zambia 75340 Myanmar 67741 Afghanistan 65242 Somalia 63843 Central African Rep 62244 Ukraine 60445 Madagascar 58746 Kenya 58347 Botswana 58148 France 54449 Yemen 52850 Thailand 51351 Spain 50552 Turkmenistan 48853 Cameroon 47554 Papua New Guinea 46355 Sweden 45056 Morocco 447

Uzbekistan 44758 Iraq 43859 Paraguay 40760 Zimbabwe 391

a Includes freshwater.b Includes separate peaks which are part of the same massif.

1 Everest Nepal-China 8,8482 K2 (Godwin Austen) Pakistan 8,6113 Kangchenjunga Nepal-Sikkim 8,5864 Lhotse Nepal-China 8,5165 Makalu Nepal-China 8,4636 Cho Oyu Nepal-China 8,2017 Dhaulagiri Nepal 8,1678 Manaslu Nepal 8,1639 Nanga Parbat Pakistan 8,125

10 Annapurna I Nepal 8,09111 Gasherbrum I Pakistan-China 8,06812 Broad Peak Pakistan-China 8,04713 Xixabangma (Gosainthan) China 8,04614 Gasherbrum II Pakistan-China 8,035

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1 Nile Africa 6,6952 Amazon South America 6,5163 Yangtze Asia 6,3804 Mississippi-Missouri system North America 6,0195 Ob’-Irtysh Asia 5,5706 Yenisey-Angara Asia 5,5507 Hwang He (Yellow) Asia 5,4648 Congo Africa 4,6679 Parana South America 4,500

10 Mekong Asia 4,425

COUNTRIES: NATURAL FACTS 15

Notes: Estimates of the lengths of rivers vary widely depending on eg, the path to takethrough a delta. The definition of a desert is normally a mean annual precipitation valueequal to 250ml or less. Australia (7.69 sq km) is defined as a continent rather than anisland.

Rivers: the longestName Location Length (km)

Lakes: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

Islands: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Greenland North Atlantic Ocean 2,176 2 New Guinea South-west Pacific Ocean 809 3 Borneo Western Pacific Ocean 746 4 Madagascar Indian Ocean 587 5 Baffin North Atlantic Ocean 507 6 Sumatra North-east Indian Ocean 474 7 Honshu Sea of Japan-Pacific Ocean 227 8 Great Britain Off coast of north-west Europe 218

Deserts: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Sahara Northern Africa 8,6002 Arabia SW Asia 2,3003 Gobi Mongolia/China 1,1664 Patagonian Argentina 6735 Great Victoria W and S Australia 6476 Great Basin SW United States 4927 Chihuahuan N Mexico 4508 Great Sandy W Australia 400

1 Caspian Sea Central Asia 3712 Superior Canada/US 823 Victoria E Africa 694 Huron Canada/US 605 Michigan US 586 Tanganyika E Africa 337 Baikal Russia 328 Great Bear Canada 31

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1 China 1,315.82 India 1,103.43 United States 298.24 Indonesia 222.85 Brazil 186.46 Pakistan 157.97 Russia 143.28 Bangladesh 141.89 Nigeria 131.5

10 Japan 128.111 Mexico 107.012 Vietnam 84.213 Philippines 83.114 Germany 82.715 Ethiopia 77.416 Egypt 74.017 Turkey 73.218 Iran 69.519 Thailand 64.220 France 60.521 United Kingdom 59.722 Italy 58.123 Congo-Kinshasa 57.524 Myanmar 50.525 South Korea 47.826 South Africa 47.427 Ukraine 46.528 Colombia 45.629 Spain 43.130 Argentina 38.731 Poland 38.532 Tanzania 38.333 Sudan 36.2

34 Kenya 34.335 Algeria 32.936 Canada 32.337 Morocco 31.538 Afghanistan 29.939 Iraq 28.8

Uganda 28.841 Peru 28.042 Nepal 27.143 Venezuela 26.744 Uzbekistan 26.645 Malaysia 25.346 Saudi Arabia 24.647 Taiwan 22.948 North Korea 22.549 Ghana 22.150 Romania 21.751 Yemen 21.052 Sri Lanka 20.753 Australia 20.254 Mozambique 19.855 Syria 19.056 Madagascar 18.657 Côte d’Ivoire 18.258 Cameroon 16.3

Chile 16.3Netherlands 16.3

61 Angola 15.962 Kazakhstan 14.863 Cambodia 14.164 Niger 14.065 Mali 13.5

Population: size and growth

16 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest populationsMillions, 2005

Largest populationsMillions, 2025

1 India 1,447.52 China 1,445.83 United States 354.94 Indonesia 271.25 Brazil 228.86 Pakistan 225.07 Nigeria 210.18 Bangladesh 206.09 Russia 128.2

10 Ethiopia 125.011 Mexico 124.712 Japan 121.613 Philippines 115.914 Congo-Kinshasa 107.5

15 Vietnam 106.416 Egypt 98.517 Turkey 89.618 Iran 88.019 Germany 80.320 Thailand 68.821 France 65.822 United Kingdom 65.223 Italy 58.124 Kenya 57.225 Colombia 55.626 Myanmar 55.427 Sudan 54.328 Ukraine 54.0

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1 Liberia 4.502 Burundi 3.903 Afghanistan 3.854 Niger 3.495 Eritrea 3.24

Uganda 3.247 Congo-Kinshasa 3.228 West Bank and Gaza 3.189 Jordan 3.04

10 Benin 3.02Mali 3.02

12 Guinea-Bissau 2.9813 Yemen 2.9714 Somalia 2.9215 Burkina Faso 2.8916 Chad 2.8817 United Arab Emirates 2.8518 Angola 2.7819 Rwanda 2.7620 Madagascar 2.6621 Kenya 2.65

Togo 2.6523 Gambia, The 2.6324 Malawi 2.57

25 Mauritania 2.5326 Syria 2.5227 Ethiopia 2.5128 Guatemala 2.47

Tanzania 2.4730 Senegal 2.4631 Kuwait 2.4432 Equatorial Guinea 2.3833 Nigeria 2.2734 Saudi Arabia 2.2435 Sudan 2.2236 Guinea 2.1637 Congo-Brazzaville 2.11

Qatar 2.1139 Belize 2.0840 Brunei 2.0541 Sierra Leone 2.0442 Cameroon 2.00

Papua New Guinea 2.0044 Ghana 1.9945 Libya 1.97

Nepal 1.97Oman 1.97

POPULATION: SIZE AND GROWTH 17

Fastest growing populationsAverage annual % change, 2005–10

Slowest growing populationsAverage annual % change, 2005–10

1 Moldova -0.902 Georgia -0.793 Ukraine -0.764 Bulgaria -0.725 Belarus -0.556 Lithuania -0.537 Latvia -0.528 Russia -0.519 Romania -0.45

10 Estonia -0.3511 Hungary -0.2912 Armenia -0.2113 Poland -0.1514 Croatia -0.0915 Germany -0.0716 Czech Republic -0.03

Virgin Islands (US) -0.0318 Japan -0.0219 Cuba -0.01

Aruba 0.01Slovenia 0.01

22 Slovakia 0.0323 Macedonia 0.08

24 Bosnia 0.13Italy 0.13Serbia 0.13

27 Channel Islands 0.1928 Denmark 0.21

Greece 0.21Netherlands 0.21

31 Belgium 0.2432 Bermuda 0.2533 Martinique 0.2834 Finland 0.29

Uruguay 0.2936 Barbados 0.3237 South Korea 0.3338 North Korea 0.3439 Andorra 0.36

Austria 0.3641 Portugal 0.37

Trinidad & Tobago 0.3743 Switzerland 0.3844 United Kingdom 0.4245 Malta 0.4346 Sweden 0.45

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Population: matters of breeding

18 WORLD RANKINGS

Womena who use modern methods of contraceptionb

Highest, % Lowest, %

a Aged 15-49, married or in a relationship.b Excludes traditional methods of contraception, such as the rhythm method.

1 China 83.32 United Kingdom 81.03 Hong Kong 79.74 Switzerland 77.55 Netherlands 75.66 Finland 75.47 Belgium 74.38 Canada 73.39 Australia 72.2

10 Cuba 72.111 Denmark 72.0

New Zealand 72.013 Germany 71.814 Costa Rica 70.715 United States 70.516 Brazil 70.317 Thailand 69.818 France 69.319 Norway 69.220 Hungary 68.421 Puerto Rico 67.622 Spain 67.423 South Korea 66.924 Nicaragua 66.125 Dominican Republic 65.8

1 Chad 2.12 Afghanistan 3.63 Guinea-Bissau 3.64 Sierra Leone 3.95 Guinea 4.26 Niger 4.3

Rwanda 4.38 Congo-Kinshasa 4.49 Angola 4.5

10 Eritrea 5.1Mauritania 5.1

12 Liberia 5.513 Mali 5.714 Ethiopia 6.315 Central African Republic 6.9

Sudan 6.917 Benin 7.218 Côte d’Ivoire 7.319 Albania 7.920 Nigeria 8.2

Senegal 8.222 Burkina Faso 8.623 Gambia, The 8.924 Togo 9.325 Yemen 9.8

Fertility rates, 2005–10Highest av. no. of children per woman Lowest av. no. of children per woman

1 Niger 7.192 Afghanistan 7.07

Guinea-Bissau 7.074 Burundi 6.805 Liberia 6.776 Congo-Kinshasa 6.707 Mali 6.528 Sierra Leone 6.479 Uganda 6.46

10 Angola 6.4311 Chad 6.2012 Somalia 6.0413 Burkina Faso 6.0014 Rwanda 5.9215 Malawi 5.5916 Yemen 5.5017 Guinea 5.4418 Benin 5.4219 Equatorial Guinea 5.3620 Nigeria 5.32

1 Macau 0.912 Hong Kong 0.973 Belarus 1.204 South Korea 1.215 Ukraine 1.226 Bosnia 1.23

Poland 1.238 Czech Republic 1.249 Slovakia 1.25

10 Lithuania 1.26Singapore 1.26

12 Japan 1.2713 Hungary 1.28

Slovenia 1.2815 Latvia 1.2916 Romania 1.3017 Greece 1.3318 Russia 1.3419 Croatia 1.3520 Germany 1.36

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POPULATION: MATTERS OF BREEDING 19

Crude birth ratesAverage no. of live births per 1,000 population, 2005–10Highest Lowest

1 Congo-Kinshasa 49.6Guinea-Bissau 49.6Liberia 49.6

4 Niger 49.05 Afghanistan 48.26 Mali 48.17 Angola 47.38 Burundi 47.19 Uganda 46.6

10 Sierra Leone 46.211 Chad 45.512 Rwanda 44.513 Burkina Faso 44.014 Somalia 42.915 Malawi 40.716 Benin 40.217 Nigeria 39.918 Guinea 39.819 Mozambique 39.520 Eritrea 39.3

Zambia 39.322 Kenya 39.223 Tanzania 39.0

1 Macau 7.52 Hong Kong 7.63 Germany 8.2

Singapore 8.25 Japan 8.36 Bosnia 8.87 Bulgaria 8.98 Andorra 9.0

Croatia 9.0Slovenia 9.0

11 Lithuania 9.112 Austria 9.2

Czech Republic 9.2Italy 9.2Switzerland 9.2Ukraine 9.2

17 Greece 9.3Hungary 9.3Latvia 9.3South Korea 9.3

21 Belarus 9.422 Channel Islands 9.5

Poland 9.5

1 Niger 2582 Congo-Kinshasa 2263 Liberia 2234 Uganda 2075 Mali 1996 Guinea-Bissau 1937 Chad 1928 Guinea 1899 Sierra Leone 176

10 Burkina Faso 15811 Malawi 15712 Congo-Brazzaville 14513 Angola 14114 Nigeria 14015 Benin 128

Zambia 12817 Central African Rep 12418 Afghanistan 12319 Madagascar 12220 Bangladesh 120

Côte d’Ivoire 12022 Nicaragua 119

1 North Korea 22 Japan 4

South Korea 44 China 5

Hong Kong 5Netherlands 5Switzerland 5

8 Singapore 6Slovenia 6

10 Denmark 7Italy 7Sweden 7Tunisia 7

14 Algeria 8Belgium 8France 8Libya 8

18 Greece 919 Finland 10

Germany 10Norway 10Spain 10

Births per 1,000 women aged 15–192005–10Highest Lowest

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Population: age

20 WORLD RANKINGS

Median agea

Highest, 2005 Lowest, 2005

Highest, 2050 Lowest, 2050

1 Japan 42.92 Germany 42.13 Italy 42.04 Finland 40.95 Bulgaria 40.86 Croatia 40.67 Belgium 40.38 Slovenia 40.2

Sweden 40.210 Austria 40.1

Greece 40.1Switzerland 40.1

13 Andorra 40.0Channel Islands 40.0

15 Denmark 39.516 Latvia 39.317 Netherlands 39.1

Portugal 39.119 Bermuda 39.020 Czech Republic 38.9

Estonia 38.9France 38.9Hong Kong 38.9Ukraine 38.9United Kingdom 38.9

26 Spain 38.827 Hungary 38.728 Canada 38.629 Luxembourg 38.330 Norway 38.031 Lithuania 37.932 Malta 37.633 Singapore 37.534 Belarus 37.435 Russia 37.336 Bosnia 37.137 Cayman Islands 37.0

1 Uganda 15.32 Mali 16.0

Niger 16.04 Guinea-Bissau 16.25 Congo-Kinshasa 16.36 Afghanistan 16.4

Liberia 16.4Malawi 16.4

9 Angola 16.610 Yemen 16.711 Burkina Faso 16.8

Chad 16.813 West Bank and Gaza 16.9

Zambia 16.915 Burundi 17.016 Rwanda 17.417 Ethiopia 17.5

Tanzania 17.519 Nigeria 17.620 Benin 17.7

Mozambique 17.722 Madagascar 17.9

Somalia 17.924 Eritrea 18.1

Guinea 18.1Kenya 18.1Togo 18.1

28 Guatemala 18.229 Central African Rep 18.330 Côte d’Ivoire 18.5

Senegal 18.5Sierra Leone 18.5

33 Cameroon 18.7Equatorial Guinea 18.7

35 Congo-Brazzaville 18.8Lesotho 18.8

a Age at which there are an equal number of people above and below.

1 Macau 55.52 Japan 54.9

South Korea 54.94 Singapore 53.75 Martinique 53.06 Poland 52.47 Bulgaria 52.38 Slovenia 52.29 Cuba 52.1

Hong Kong 52.1

1 Burundi 20.82 Niger 21.13 Liberia 21.24 Guinea-Bissau 21.55 Congo-Kinshasa 22.56 Afghanistan 23.07 Angola 23.28 Uganda 23.39 Sierra Leone 24.0

10 Chad 24.3

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POPULATION: AGE 21

Population aged 0–14Highest, %

1 Uganda 49.42 Niger 48.03 Mali 47.74 Guinea-Bissau 47.45 Congo-Kinshasa 47.26 Malawi 47.17 Afghanistan 47.08 Liberia 46.99 Angola 46.4

10 Burkina Faso 46.2Chad 46.2

12 West Bank and Gaza 45.9Yemen 45.9

14 Zambia 45.715 Burundi 45.116 Ethiopia 44.517 Tanzania 44.418 Nigeria 44.3

19 Benin 44.2Mozambique 44.2

21 Somalia 44.122 Madagascar 43.823 Rwanda 43.524 Guinea 43.425 Togo 43.326 Guatemala 43.127 Eritrea 43.028 Sierra Leone 42.829 Central African Rep 42.730 Kenya 42.631 Equatorial Guinea 42.432 Senegal 42.233 Congo-Brazzaville 41.934 Cameroon 41.835 Côte d’Ivoire 41.736 Iraq 41.5

Population aged 60 and overHighest, %

1 Japan 26.42 Italy 25.33 Germany 25.14 Sweden 23.45 Greece 23.36 Bulgaria 22.97 Latvia 22.48 Belgium 22.1

Croatia 22.1Portugal 22.1

11 Austria 21.912 Spain 21.713 Estonia 21.614 Finland 21.415 Denmark 21.2

United Kingdom 21.217 Switzerland 21.118 France 20.8

Hungary 20.820 Ukraine 20.621 Slovenia 20.522 Lithuania 20.323 Czech Republic 19.924 Channel Islands 19.7

Norway 19.726 Netherlands 19.3

Romania 19.328 Bosnia 19.129 Faroe Islands 18.9

Serbia 18.931 Luxembourg 18.732 Andorra 18.533 Malta 18.434 Belarus 18.135 Georgia 17.9

Population aged 80 and overHighest, %

1 Sweden 5.32 Italy 5.13 Japan 4.84 France 4.6

Norway 4.66 United Kingdom 4.57 Germany 4.48 Austria 4.3

Belgium 4.3Spain 4.3Switzerland 4.3

12 Denmark 4.113 Faroe Islands 4.0

Finland 4.015 Andorra 3.7

Portugal 3.7

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22 WORLD RANKINGS

Biggest citiesa

Population m, 20051 Tokyo, Japan 35.22 Mexico City, Mexico 19.43 New York, US 18.74 São Paulo, Brazil 18.35 Mumbai, India 18.26 Delhi, India 15.07 Shanghai, China 14.58 Kolkata, India 14.39 Jakarta, Indonesia 13.2

10 Buenos Aires, Argentina12.611 Dhaka, Bangladesh 12.412 Los Angeles, US 12.313 Karachi, Pakistan 11.614 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 11.515 Osaka, Japan 11.3

City living

a Urban agglomerations. Data may change from year-to-year based on reassessmentsof agglomeration boundaries.

b Urban agglomerations of more than 750,000.

Fastest growing citiesb

Average annual growth, 2005–10, %

16 Cairo, Egypt 11.117 Lagos, Nigeria 10.918 Beijing, China 10.7

Manila, Philippines 10.720 Moscow, Russia 10.621 Paris, France 9.822 Istanbul, Turkey 9.723 Seoul, South Korea 9.624 Chicago, US 8.825 London, UK 8.526 Guangzhou, China 8.427 Bogotá, Colombia 7.728 Tehran, Iran 7.329 Lima, Peru 7.2

Shenzhen, China 7.2

Slowest growing citiesb

Average annual growth, 2005–10, %1 Yueyang, China -0.632 Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine -0.583 Sofia, Bulgaria -0.564 Donetsk, Ukraine -0.515 Kharkiv, Ukraine -0.506 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine -0.457 Tbilisi, Georgia -0.448 Odessa, Ukraine -0.399 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia-0.34

10 Perm, Russia -0.31Samara, Russia -0.31

12 Havana, Cuba -0.2713 Lodz, Poland -0.2614 Puebla, Mexico -0.2515 Belgrade, Serbia -0.2216 Chelyabinsk, Russia -0.2017 Seoul, South Korea -0.1918 Turin, Italy -0.18

Yekaterinburg, Russia -0.1820 Voronezh, Russia -0.1621 Pusan, South Korea -0.14

Ufa, Russia -0.14

1 Kigali, Rwanda 7.732 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico 6.063 Ouagadougou,

Burkina Faso 4.664 Kathmandu, Nepal 4.655 Valencia, Venezuela 4.646 Mbuji-Mayi, Congo-Kin. 4.637 Niamey, Niger 4.628 Lubumbashi, Congo-Kin.4.619 Kolwezi, Congo-Kin. 4.60

10 Kabul, Afghanistan 4.5211 Kinshasa, Congo-Kin. 4.3712 Bamako, Mali 4.3413 N’Djaména, Chad 4.2414 Lomé, Togo 4.08

15 Florianópolis, Brazil 4.0316 Kampala, Uganda 4.0217 Phnom Penh, Cambodia 3.9818 Ascunción, Paraguay 3.95

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3.9520 Tijuana, Mexico 3.9021 Monrovia, Liberia 3.7522 Maputo, Mozambique 3.6723 Nairobi, Kenya 3.6424 Kumasi, Ghana 3.6225 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico 3.5726 Chittagong, Bangladesh 3.55

Luanda, Angola 3.5528 Mombasa, Kenya 3.5329 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz.3.40

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

CITY LIVING 23

15 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz. 29.316 Athens, Greece 29.017 Monrovia, Liberia 28.5

Auckland, New Zealand 28.519 San José, Costa Rica 28.120 Vienna, Austria 27.621 Tokyo, Japan 27.522 Lisbon, Portugal 26.323 Lima, Peru 25.724 Port-au-Prince, Haiti 25.0

Dublin, Ireland 25.026 Tblisi, Georgia 23.427 Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. 22.7

Amman, Jordan 22.7

Population living in urban areasHighest, % Lowest, %

1 Bermuda 100.0Cayman Islands 100.0Hong Kong 100.0Macau 100.0Singapore 100.0

6 Guadeloupe 99.87 Kuwait 98.38 Martinique 97.99 Puerto Rico 97.6

10 Belgium 97.211 Bahrain 96.512 Qatar 95.413 Malta 95.314 Virgin Islands (US) 94.215 Guam 94.016 Venezuela 93.417 Iceland 92.818 Réunion 92.419 Uruguay 92.020 Israel 91.621 Andorra 90.622 Bahamas 90.423 Argentina 90.124 United Kingdom 89.725 Australia 88.226 Chile 87.627 Lebanon 86.628 New Zealand 86.229 Denmark 85.630 Libya 84.8

1 Burundi 10.02 Bhutan 11.13 Trinidad & Tobago 12.24 Uganda 12.65 Papua New Guinea 13.46 Sri Lanka 15.17 Nepal 15.88 Ethiopia 16.09 Niger 16.8

10 Malawi 17.211 Burkina Faso 18.312 Lesotho 18.713 Rwanda 19.314 Eritrea 19.415 Cambodia 19.716 Laos 20.617 Kenya 20.718 Afghanistan 22.919 Swaziland 24.120 Tanzania 24.221 Tajikistan 24.722 Bangladesh 25.123 Chad 25.324 Vietnam 26.425 Madagascar 26.826 Yemen 27.327 India 28.728 Guinea-Bissau 29.629 Channel Islands 30.5

Mali 30.5

1 Singapore 100.0Hong Kong 100.0

3 San Juan, Puerto Rico 65.94 Kuwait City, Kuwait 49.75 Tel Aviv, Israel 44.86 Panama City, Panama 37.67 Yerevan, Armenia 36.68 Montevideo, Uruguay 36.59 Tripoli, Libya 35.8

10 Santiago, Chile 34.911 Ulan Bator, Mongolia 32.612 Buenos Aires, Argentina 32.413 Asunción, Paraguay 30.214 Dubai, UAE 29.6

Proportion of a country’s population residing in a singlecitya

%

a Urban agglomerations over 750,000.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

24 WORLD RANKINGS

Quality of life indexa

New York=100, Nov. 2006Highest Lowest

1 Zurich, Switzerland 108.12 Geneva, Switzerland 108.03 Vancouver, Canada 107.7

Vienna, Austria 107.75 Auckland, New Zealand107.3

Dusseldorf, Germany 107.37 Frankfurt, Germany 107.18 Munich, Germany 106.99 Bern, Switzerland 106.5

Sydney, Australia 106.511 Copenhagen, Denmark 106.212 Wellington, New Zealand105.813 Amsterdam, Netherlands105.714 Brussels, Belgium 105.615 Toronto, Canada 105.416 Berlin, Germany 105.217 Melbourne, Australia 105.018 Luxembourg, Lux. 104.8

Ottawa, Canada 104.820 Stockholm, Sweden 104.721 Perth, Australia 104.522 Montreal, Canada 104.323 Nuremberg, Germany 104.224 Calgary, Canada 103.6

Hamburg, Germany 103.626 Oslo, Norway 103.527 Dublin, Ireland 103.3

Honolulu, US 103.329 San Francisco, US 103.230 Adelaide, Australia 103.1

Helsinki, Finland 103.132 Brisbane, Australia 102.833 Paris, France 102.734 Singapore 102.535 Tokyo, Japan 102.336 Boston, US 101.9

Lyon, France 101.938 Yokohama, Japan 101.739 London, UK 101.240 Kobe, Japan 101.041 Barcelona, Spain 100.642 Madrid, Spain 100.5

Osaka, Japan 100.544 Chicago, US 100.4

Washington, DC, US 100.446 Portland, Oregon, US 100.347 Lisbon, Portugal 100.1

1 Baghdad, Iraq 14.52 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz.29.53 Bangui, Central Afr. Rep.30.64 Khartoum, Sudan 31.05 Pointe Noire, Congo-Braz. 33.06 Ndjamena, Chad 34.07 Port Harcourt, Nigeria 38.2

Sanaa, Yemen 38.29 Kinshasa, Congo-Kin. 38.3

10 Nouakchott, Mauritania39.011 Conakry, Guinea 40.412 Dhaka, Bangladesh 40.5

Ouagadougou, Burk. Faso 40.514 Niamey, Niger 40.815 Antananarivo, Madag. 41.116 Port au Prince, Haiti 41.417 Lagos, Nigeria 41.818 Tashkent, Uzbekistan 43.019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 43.120 Luanda, Angola 43.421 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 43.722 Bamako, Mali 43.923 Lomé, Togo 45.124 Kazan, Russia 46.725 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 47.426 Havana, Cuba 47.827 Novosibirsk, Russia 47.928 Maputo, Mozambique 48.729 Douala, Cameroon 49.230 Yangon, Myanmar 49.331 Almaty, Kazakhstan 49.432 Minsk, Belarus 49.533 Yaoundé, Cameroon 51.334 Tirana, Albania 51.735 San Pedro Sula, Honduras 51.836 Beirut, Lebanon 52.537 Algiers, Algeria 52.638 Damascus, Syria 52.8

Tehran, Iran 52.840 Karachi, Pakistan 52.941 Tripoli, Libya 54.242 Cotonou, Benin 54.343 Moscow, Russia 54.444 Managua, Nicaragua 54.945 Vientiane, Laos 55.046 Harare, Zimbabwe 55.247 Kiev, Ukraine 56.2

a Based on 39 factors ranging from recreation to political stability.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS 25

Refugees and asylum seekersa

1 Afghanistan 1,908.1 2 Sudan 693.23 Burundi 438.74 Congo-Kinshasa 430.65 Somalia 394.86 Vietnam 358.27 West Bank and Gaza 349.78 Iraq 262.19 Azerbaijan 233.7

10 Liberia 231.1

11 Angola 215.812 Serbiab 189.913 Turkey 170.114 Myanmar 164.915 Eritrea 143.616 China 124.017 Croatia 119.118 Bosnia 109.919 Sri Lanka 108.120 Bhutan 106.5

1 Pakistan 1,084.72 Iran 716.43 Germany 700.04 Tanzania 548.85 United States 379.36 China 301.07 United Kingdom 293.58 Chad 275.49 Uganda 257.3

10 Kenya 251.3

11 Saudi Arabia 240.712 Armenia 219.613 Congo-Kinshasa 204.314 Zambia 155.715 Serbiab 148.316 Sudan 147.317 Canada 147.218 India 139.319 France 137.320 Nepal 126.4

Largest refugee nationalities’000

Countries with largest refugee populations’000

Origin of asylum applications to indust. countries’000

Asylum applications in industrialised countries’000

1 Serbiab 22.12 Russia 21.63 China 18.44 Iraq 12.55 Turkey 12.06 Haiti 10.87 Iran 9.28 Nigeria 8.09 Pakistan 7.8

10 Afghanistan 7.7

11 Congo-Kinshasa 7.5India 7.5

13 Georgia 7.1Somalia 7.1

15 Sri Lanka 5.616 Colombia 5.417 Mexico 5.118 Armenia 5.019 Moldova 4.720 Bangladesh 4.5

1 France 49.72 United States 48.83 United Kingdom 30.84 Germany 28.95 Sweden 23.26 Austria 22.57 Canada 19.78 Belgium 16.09 Switzerland 14.3

10 Netherlands 12.411 Italy 9.612 Greece 9.113 Cyprus 7.814 Poland 6.915 Norway 5.416 Spain 5.317 Ireland 4.318 Czech Republic 4.2

a As reported by UNHCR. b Includes Montenegro.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 United States 12,417 2 Japan 4,534 3 Germany 2,795 4 China 2,234 5 United Kingdom 2,199 6 Francea 2,127 7 Italy 1,763 8 Spain 1,125 9 Canada 1,114

10 India 806 11 Brazil 796 12 South Korea 788 13 Mexico 768 14 Russia 764 15 Australia 733 16 Netherlands 624 17 Belgium 371 18 Switzerland 367 19 Turkey 363 20 Sweden 358 21 Taiwan 346 22 Saudi Arabia 310 23 Austria 306 24 Poland 303

25 Norway 296 26 Indonesia 287 27 Denmark 259 28 South Africa 240 29 Greece 225 30 Ireland 202 31 Finland 193 32 Iran 190 33 Argentina 183

Portugal 183 35 Hong Kong 178 36 Thailand 177 37 Venezuela 140 38 Malaysia 130

United Arab Emirates 130 40 Czech Republic 124 41 Israel 123 42 Colombia 122 43 Singapore 117 44 Chile 115 45 Pakistan 111 46 Hungary 109

New Zealand 109 48 Algeria 102

The world economy

26 WORLD RANKINGS

Biggest economiesGDP, $bn

Biggest economies by purchasing powerGDP PPP, $bn

1 United States 12,417 2 China 8,815 3 Japan 3,995 4 India 3,779 5 Germany 2,430 6 United Kingdom 2,002 7 France 1,850 8 Italy 1,672 9 Brazil 1,566

10 Russia 1,552 11 Spain 1,179 12 Mexico 1,108 13 Canada 1,078 14 South Korea 1,064 15 Indonesia 848 16 Taiwan 664 17 Australia 646 18 Turkey 606 19 Thailand 557 20 Argentina 553

21 Iran 544 22 Netherlands 533 23 Poland 528 24 South Africa 521 25 Philippines 427 26 Pakistan 369 27 Saudi Arabia 363 28 Belgium 337 29 Colombia 333 30 Ukraine 322 31 Egypt 321 32 Sweden 294 33 Bangladesh 291 34 Austria 277 35 Malaysia 276 36 Switzerland 265 37 Greece 260 38 Vietnam 255 39 Hong Kong 242 40 Algeria 232

Note: For a list of 183 countries with their GDPs, see pages 248–252.a Includes overseas departments.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

a Excludes Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.b Includes Russia and other CIS, Turkey and Malta.c IMF definition.

World 44,688 Advanced economies 34,143 G7 27,068 Euro area 10,007 Asiaa 4,004 Latin America 2,539 Eastern Europeb 2,189 Middle East 1,004 Africa 809

THE WORLD ECONOMY 27

Regional GDP$bn % annual growth 2000–05

World 100.0Advanced economies 52.3G7 41.2Euro area 14.8Asiaa 27.1Latin America 7.4Eastern Europeb 7.1Middle East 2.8Africa 3.3

Regional purchasing powerGDP, % of total $ per head

Advanced economies 15.3G7 11.4Euro area 4.9Asiaa 52.3Latin America 8.5Eastern Europeb 7.3Middle East 3.7Africa 12.8

Regional population% of total (6.5bn) No. of countriesc

Advanced economies 69.1G7 40.4Euro area 29.7Asiaa 12.0Latin America 4.5Eastern Europeb 7.4Middle East 4.5Africa 2.5

World 4.0Advanced economies 2.1G7 1.9Euro area 1.4Asiaa 7.9Latin America 2.7Eastern Europeb 5.5Middle East 4.9Africa 4.8

World 9,480 Advanced economies 32,830 G7 34,270 Euro area 27,350 Asiaa 4,840 Latin America 8,620 Eastern Europeb 9,530 Middle East 7,360 Africa 2,540

Advanced economies 29G7 7Euro area 12Asiaa 23Latin America 33Eastern Europeb 28Middle East 13Africa 48

Advanced economies -473.4G7 -586.9Euro area 8.1Asiaa 165.2Latin America 34.6Eastern Europeb 24.5Middle East 189.0Africa 14.6

Regional international tradeExports of goods and services, % of tot. Current account balances, $bn

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

a Estimate. b 2004 c 2003

1 Luxembourg 77,760 2 Bermudaab 69,230 3 Norway 64,240 4 Iceland 53,230 5 Switzerland 50,280 6 Ireland 49,220 7 Qatar 49,200 8 Denmark 47,910 9 Cayman Islandsab 43,090

10 United States 41,640 11 Sweden 39,740 12 Andorraa 39,010 13 Netherlands 38,290 14 Austria 37,330 15 Finland 37,150 16 United Kingdom 36,830 17 Australia 36,260 18 Faroe Islandsa 36,170 19 Belgium 35,660 20 Japan 35,390 21 France 35,150 22 Canada 34,480 23 Germany 33,800 24 Greenlanda 30,360 25 Italy 30,340 26 Kuwait 29,920 27 Arubab 29,630 28 United Arab Emirates 28,820 29 Channel Islandsa 28,470 30 New Zealand 27,320 31 Singapore 27,150 32 Spain 26,090 33 Macaua 25,690 34 Bruneia 25,620 35 Hong Kong 25,390

36 Cyprus 21,400 37 Greece 20,290 38 Martiniqueb 19,880 39 Bahamas 19,440 40 Guadeloupeb 19,340 41 Bahrain 18,760 42 Israel 18,420 43 Puerto Ricoa 18,090 44 Réunionb 17,580 45 Portugal 17,460 46 Slovenia 17,180 47 French Polynesiaac 16,960 48 South Korea 16,480 49 New Caledoniaac 15,280 50 Taiwan 15,110 51 Guama 14,790 52 Virgin Islands (US)ab 14,470 53 Malta 13,960 54 Netherlands Antillesab 12,730 55 Saudi Arabia 12,590 56 Czech Republic 12,190 57 Oman 11,860 58 Barbados 11,080 59 Trinidad & Tobago 11,050 60 Hungary 10,820 61 Estonia 10,080 62 Slovakia 8,590 63 Croatia 8,370 64 Poland 7,880 65 Lithuania 7,540 66 Mexico 7,180 67 Chile 7,070 68 Latvia 6,880 69 Libya 6,570 70 Equatorial Guinea 6,110

Living standards

28 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Congo-Brazzaville 902 Burundi 1103 Ethiopia 1404 Myanmara 1505 Malawi 1606 Liberia 1707 Guinea-Bissau 1908 Eritrea 220

Sierra Leone 22010 Afghanistan 240

Niger 240Rwanda 240

13 Zimbabwe 26014 Madagascar 270

Nepal 27016 Uganda 30017 Gambia, The 31018 Tanzania 32019 Central African Rep 340

Mozambique 340

Highest GDP per head$

Lowest GDP per head$

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Somaliaa 1.42 Malawi 1.63 Burundi 1.7

Congo-Kinshasa 1.75 Tanzania 1.86 Afghanistanab 1.9

Niger 1.9Sierra Leone 1.9

9 Guinea-Bissau 2.0

10 Madagascar 2.2Yemen 2.2

12 Liberiaa 2.4Zambia 2.4

14 Ethiopia 2.5Mali 2.5

16 Eritrea 2.617 Benin 2.7

Nigeria 2.7

LIVING STANDARDS 29

Lowest purchasing powerGDP per head in PPP (USA = 100)

Note: for definition of purchasing power parity see page 247.a Estimate. b 2004 c 2001 d 2003 e 2002

1 Bermudaab 166.92 Luxembourg 143.83 Channel Islandsa 123.74 Cayman Islandsab 104.65 United States 100.06 Norway 98.97 Andorraa 92.68 Ireland 91.99 Macau 87.3

10 Iceland 87.211 Switzerland 85.112 Hong Kong 83.213 Denmark 81.114 Austria 80.415 Canada 79.716 United Kingdom 79.317 Netherlands 78.018 Sweden 77.619 Finland 76.820 Belgium 76.721 Australia 75.922 Japan 74.623 Faroe Islandsac 74.024 France 72.525 Singapore 70.826 Germany 70.327 Taiwan 70.028 Italy 68.129 Qatara 65.430 Spain 64.931 Kuwait 62.832 Israel 61.733 Bruneia 61.134 United Arab Emirates 60.935 New Zealand 59.7

36 Greece 55.837 Slovenia 53.238 Cyprusa 52.639 South Korea 52.640 Arubaab 52.041 Bahrain 51.342 Czech Republic 49.043 Portugal 48.744 Greenlandac 47.745 Martinique 47.346 Malta 45.847 Puerto Ricoa 44.448 Hungary 42.749 Guadeloupe 42.650 French Polynesiaad 41.851 Bahamase 40.652 Barbadosa 40.653 Réunion 38.654 Seychelles 38.455 Netherlands Antillesab 38.256 Slovakia 37.957 Saudi Arabia 37.558 Estonia 36.959 Oman 36.260 Guama 35.8

New Caledoniaad 35.862 Trinidad & Tobago 34.963 Lithuania 34.6

Virgin Islands (US)ab 34.665 Argentina 34.166 Poland 33.167 Latvia 32.668 Croatia 31.169 Mauritius 30.470 Botswana 29.6

Highest purchasing powerGDP per head in PPP (USA = 100)

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

The quality of life

30 WORLD RANKINGS

Human development indexa

Highest, 2004

Human development indexa

Lowest, 2004

1 Norway 96.52 Iceland 96.03 Australia 95.74 Ireland 95.65 Sweden 95.16 Canada 95.07 Japan 94.98 United States 94.89 Finland 94.7

Netherlands 94.7Switzerland 94.7

12 Belgium 94.5Luxembourg 94.5

14 Austria 94.415 Denmark 94.316 France 94.217 Italy 94.0

United Kingdom 94.019 Spain 93.820 New Zealand 93.621 Germany 93.222 Israel 92.7

Hong Kong 92.724 Greece 92.125 Singapore 91.626 South Korea 91.227 Slovenia 91.028 Portugal 90.429 Cyprus 90.330 Czech Republic 88.5

31 Barbados 87.932 Malta 87.533 Brunei 87.1

Kuwait 87.135 Hungary 86.936 Argentina 86.337 Poland 86.238 Bahrain 85.9

Chile 85.940 Estonia 85.841 Lithuania 85.742 Slovakia 85.643 Uruguay 85.144 Croatia 84.645 Latvia 84.546 Qatar 84.447 Costa Rica 84.148 United Arab Emirates 83.949 Cuba 82.650 Bahamas 82.551 Mexico 82.152 Bulgaria 81.653 Oman 81.054 Panama 80.9

Trinidad & Tobago 80.956 Malaysia 80.5

Romania 80.558 Bosnia 80.0

Mauritius 80.060 Libya 79.8

1 Niger 31.12 Sierra Leone 33.53 Mali 33.84 Burkina Faso 34.25 Guinea-Bissau 34.96 Central African Rep 35.37 Chad 36.88 Ethiopia 37.19 Burundi 38.4

10 Mozambique 39.011 Congo-Kinshasa 39.112 Malawi 40.013 Zambia 40.714 Côte d’Ivoire 42.115 Benin 42.816 Tanzania 43.017 Angola 43.918 Guinea 44.5

a GDP or GDP per head is often taken as a measure of how developed a country is, but itsusefulness is limited as it refers only to economic welfare. In 1990 the UN Develop-ment Programme published its first estimate of a Human Development Index, whichcombined statistics on two other indicators – adult literacy and life expectancy – withincome levels to give a better, though still far from perfect, indicator of humandevelopment. In 1991 average years of schooling was combined with adult literacy togive a knowledge variable. The HDI is shown here scaled from 0 to 100; countriesscoring over 80 are considered to have high human development, those scoring from50 to 79 medium and those under 50 low.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

THE QUALITY OF LIFE 31

Economic freedom indexb

1 Hong Kong 89.32 Singapore 85.73 Australia 82.74 United States 82.05 New Zealand 81.6

United Kingdom 81.67 Ireland 81.38 Luxembourg 79.39 Switzerland 79.1

10 Canada 78.711 Chile 78.312 Estonia 78.113 Denmark 77.614 Iceland 77.1

Netherlands 77.116 Finland 76.517 Belgium 74.518 Japan 73.619 Germany 73.520 Cyprus 73.1

21 Sweden 72.622 Lithuania 72.023 Bahamas 71.4

Trinidad & Tobago 71.425 Austria 71.326 Taiwan 71.127 Spain 70.928 Barbados 70.529 El Salvador 70.330 Norway 70.131 Czech Republic 69.732 Armenia 69.433 Uruguay 69.334 Mauritius 69.035 Georgia 68.736 South Korea 68.637 Bahrain 68.4

Botswana 68.4Israel 68.4Slovakia 68.4

Gender-related development indexc

1 Norway 96.22 Iceland 95.83 Australia 95.64 Ireland 95.15 Luxembourg 94.9

Sweden 94.97 Canada 94.78 United States 94.69 Netherlands 94.5

10 Switzerland 94.411 Belgium 94.3

Finland 94.313 Japan 94.214 Denmark 94.0

France 94.016 United Kingdom 93.817 Austria 93.718 Italy 93.419 Spain 93.320 New Zealand 93.2

21 Germany 92.822 Israel 92.523 Greece 91.724 Slovenia 90.825 South Korea 90.526 Portugal 90.227 Cyprus 90.028 Czech Republic 88.129 Malta 86.930 Hungary 86.731 Kuwait 86.432 Argentina 85.9

Poland 85.934 Estonia 85.6

Lithuania 85.636 Slovakia 85.337 Chile 85.038 Bahrain 84.939 Uruguay 84.740 Croatia 84.4

b Ranks countries on the basis of indicators of how government intervention canrestrict the economic relations between individuals, published by the HeritageFoundation. The methodology changed in 2007 and now includes data on labour andbusiness freedom as well as trade policy, taxation, monetary policy, the bankingsystem, foreign-investment rules, property rights, the amount of economic outputconsumed by the government, regulation policy, the size of the black market and theextent of wage and price controls. Countries are scored from 80–100 (free) to 0–49.9(repressed).

c Combines similar data to the HDI (and also published by the UNDP) to give anindicator of the disparities in human development between men and women inindividual countries. The lower the index, the greater the disparity.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Economic growth

32 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Equatorial Guineaa 21.62 Bosnia 15.73 Liberia 13.94 Azerbaijan 10.25 China 9.06 Armenia 8.67 Mozambique 8.48 Myanmar 8.39 Chad 7.9

10 Angola 7.811 Ireland 7.4

Rwanda 7.413 Vietnam 7.214 Cambodia 6.9

Belarus 6.9Latvia 6.9

17 Bhutan 6.718 Estonia 6.6

Georgia 6.620 United Arab Emirates 6.421 India 6.3

Kazakhstan 6.3Sudan 6.3Trinidad & Tobago 6.3

25 Laos 6.226 Uganda 6.027 Lithuania 5.9

28 Botswana 5.7Mali 5.7

30 Belize 5.5Tanzania 5.5Yemen 5.5

33 Albania 5.434 Bangladesh 5.335 Bahrain 5.1

Dominican Republic 5.1Luxembourg 5.1Singapore 5.1

39 Tunisia 5.040 Mauritania 4.941 Ethiopia 4.842 Benin 4.7

Burkina Faso 4.7Egypt 4.7Ghana 4.7Mauritius 4.7Senegal 4.7Tajikistan 4.7

49 Iran 4.6Jordan 4.6Kyrgyzstan 4.6Malaysia 4.6Uzbekistan 4.6

Highest economic growth, 1995–2005Average annual % increase in real GDP

Lowest economic growth, 1995–2005Average annual % change in real GDP

1 Zimbabwe -2.62 Guinea-Bissau -0.23 Congo-Kinshasa 0.04 Burundi 0.45 Dominica 0.66 Jamaica 0.77 Central African Republic 0.88 Haiti 1.09 Papua New Guinea 1.1

10 Italy 1.3Japan 1.3Paraguay 1.3

13 Germany 1.4Côte d’Ivoire 1.4

15 Switzerland 1.5Uruguay 1.5Venezuela 1.5

18 Gabon 1.719 Bulgaria 2.0

20 Austria 2.1Belgium 2.1Denmark 2.1Portugal 2.1Romania 2.1

25 Brazil 2.2Colombia 2.2France 2.2Macedonia 2.2Malta 2.2Moldova 2.2Netherlands 2.2

32 Argentina 2.3Fiji 2.3

34 Eritrea 2.435 Czech Republic 2.5

Kenya 2.537 El Salvador 2.6

a 1995–2004

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 China 10.02 Thailand 9.53 Singapore 8.7

South Korea 8.75 Malaysia 8.2

Taiwan 8.27 Belize 7.8

Botswana 7.89 Chile 7.7

10 Indonesia 7.5

11 Macau 7.412 Bhutan 6.713 Swaziland 6.5

Vietnam 6.515 Hong Kong 6.4

New Caledonia 6.417 Mauritius 6.218 Uganda 6.019 Malta 5.8

ECONOMIC GROWTH 33

Highest economic growth, 1985–95Average annual % increase in real GDP

Lowest economic growth, 1985–95Lowest annual % change in real GDP

Highest services growth, 1995–2005a

Average annual % increase in real terms

Lowest services growth, 1995–2005a

Average annual % increase in real terms

1 Liberia -20.92 Georgia -14.13 Tajikistan -8.54 Moldova -7.55 Latvia -4.66 Congo-Kinshasa -3.7

Rwanda -3.78 Estonia -3.29 Haiti -2.4

10 Sierra Leone -2.311 Cameroon -2.1

12 Romania -2.013 Albania -1.014 Hungary -0.915 Nicaragua -0.8

Slovakia -0.817 Angola -0.718 Bulgaria -0.619 Trinidad & Tobago -0.420 Zambia 0.121 Congo-Brazzaville 0.2

Suriname 0.2

1 Bosnia 16.12 China 9.73 Equatorial Guinea 8.64 Georgia 8.45 India 8.36 Bhutan 8.0

Burkina Faso 8.08 Mauritania 7.7

9 Azerbaijan 7.310 Rwanda 7.211 Albania 7.1

Mozambique 7.113 Laos 6.514 Kazakhstan 6.415 Latvia 6.316 Belize 6.2

1 Central African Rep -6.22 Congo-Kinshasa -1.43 Papua New Guinea -0.54 Guinea-Bissau 0.05 Brazil 0.26 Paraguay 0.57 Malaysia 0.68 Bulgaria 0.7

9 Seychelles 0.810 Japan 0.911 Gabon 1.012 Argentina 1.3

Jamaica 1.3Peru 1.3

15 Chile 1.4Poland 1.4

a Or nearest available years.Note: Rankings of highest and lowest industrial growth 2000–2005 can be found onpage 46 and highest and lowest agricultural growth 1995–2005 on page 49.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:45 PM

Trading places

34 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Euro area 16.362 United States 11.893 Germany 8.834 United Kingdom 6.335 China 5.956 Japan 5.567 France 4.698 Netherlands 3.579 Italy 3.56

10 Canada 3.1811 Belgium 2.5612 South Korea 2.3413 Spain 2.2214 Switzerland 2.0715 Russia 1.9416 Taiwan 1.6417 Mexico 1.6018 Ireland 1.4619 Sweden 1.4520 Singapore 1.3521 Austria 1.3322 Saudi Arabia 1.26

23 Malaysia 1.1324 India 1.1025 Australia 1.0526 Norway 1.0327 Denmark 1.0128 Hong Kong 1.0029 Brazil 0.9330 Thailand 0.9031 Luxembourg 0.8732 Poland 0.78

United Arab Emirates 0.7834 Turkey 0.7235 Indonesia 0.6936 Finland 0.6637 Czech Republic 0.6438 Hungary 0.5239 South Africa 0.4840 Israel 0.4241 Iran 0.41

Kuwait 0.41Portugal 0.41Venezuela 0.41

Biggest exporters% of total world exports (goods, services and income)

Most trade dependent Least trade dependent Trade as % of GDP a Trade as % of GDP a

1 Aruba 164.52 Equatorial Guinea 139.33 Liberia 126.74 Malaysia 96.25 Singapore 94.06 United Arab Emirates 89.57 Suriname 89.48 Slovakia 71.69 Belgium 71.3

10 Iraq 70.711 Bahrain 68.212 Estonia 66.413 Puerto Rico 65.914 Lesotho 65.715 Swaziland 65.616 Cambodia 63.417 Czech Republic 63.218 Turkmenistan 62.919 Vietnam 62.720 Zimbabwe 61.721 Thailand 60.9

1 North Korea 5.12 Bermuda 7.63 Somalia 9.64 Central African Rep 10.25 United States 10.36 Rwanda 11.37 Japan 11.68 Brazil 12.19 Cuba 12.2

10 Hong Kong 13.611 Benin 13.812 Euro area 15.1

Nigerb 15.114 Uganda 15.215 India 15.816 Australia 16.217 Greece 16.318 Cameroon 16.8

Pakistan 16.820 Colombia 17.121 Burkina Faso 17.4

Notes: The figures are drawn from balance of payment statistics so have differingdefinitions from trade statistics taken from customs or similar sources. For Hong Kongand Singapore, domestic exports and retained imports only are used.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Euro area 15.162 Germany 9.723 United States 8.984 China 7.635 Japan 5.686 France 4.397 United Kingdom 3.848 Canada 3.749 Italy 3.73

10 Netherlands 3.4811 South Korea 2.8912 Belgium 2.6313 Russia 2.4414 Mexico 2.1415 Taiwan 1.9816 Spain 1.9517 Saudi Arabia 1.7518 Switzerland 1.5119 Malaysia 1.4220 Sweden 1.3521 Singapore 1.2522 Brazil 1.1823 Austria 1.17

24 United Arab Emirates 1.1525 Thailand 1.0926 Australia 1.0727 Ireland 1.04

Norway 1.0429 India 0.9930 Poland 0.9631 Indonesia 0.8632 Denmark 0.8333 Czech Republic 0.7834 Turkey 0.7735 Finland 0.6536 Hungary 0.6237 Iran 0.6038 Puerto Rico 0.5739 South Africa 0.55

Venezuela 0.5541 Nigeria 0.4842 Kuwait 0.4743 Chile 0.4144 Argentina 0.40

Israel 0.40Philippines 0.40

TRADING PLACES 35

Biggest traders of goods% of world exports of goods

Biggest traders of services and income% of world exports of services and income

1 Euro area 18.882 United States 18.023 United Kingdom 11.594 Germany 6.935 France 5.32

Japan 5.327 Netherlands 3.758 Switzerland 3.269 Italy 3.20

10 Spain 2.8011 Hong Kong 2.6912 Belgium 2.4113 China 2.40

Luxembourg 2.4015 Ireland 2.3516 Canada 1.9817 Austria 1.65

Sweden 1.6519 Singapore 1.5720 Denmark 1.4021 India 1.3222 South Korea 1.1823 Norway 1.02

24 Australia 1.0025 Taiwan 0.9226 Russia 0.8927 Greece 0.8128 Finland 0.6629 Turkey 0.6330 Malaysia 0.5331 Thailand 0.5132 Israel 0.48

Portugal 0.4834 Mexico 0.4635 Brazil 0.4136 Poland 0.4037 Egypt 0.3438 Czech Republic 0.33

South Africa 0.3340 Hungary 0.32

Indonesia 0.3242 Kuwait 0.3043 Lebanon 0.2844 Croatia 0.2745 Saudi Arabia 0.2346 Argentina 0.22

a Average of imports plus exports of goods as % of GDP. b 2004

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Balance of payments: current account

36 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Japan 165,780 2 China 160,818 3 Germany 116,030 4 Saudi Arabia 87,131 5 Russia 83,348 6 Switzerland 60,973 7 Netherlands 48,936 8 Norway 46,560 9 Singapore 33,212

10 Kuwait 32,634 11 United Arab Emirates 27,238 12 Canada 26,555 13 Venezuela 25,533 14 Nigeria 24,202 15 Sweden 23,643 16 Algeria 21,183 17 Hong Kong 20,284 18 Malaysia 19,980 19 South Korea 16,559 20 Taiwan 16,116 21 Libya 14,945 22 Brazil 14,199 23 Iran 14,000 24 Qatar 10,713 25 Finland 9,517

26 Belgium 9,328 27 Denmark 8,616 28 Argentina 5,395 29 Brunei 5,339 30 Angola 5,138 31 Oman 4,717 32 Luxembourg 4,267 33 Austria 4,252 34 Israel 3,756 35 Trinidad & Tobago 3,594 36 Macau 3,367 37 Ukraine 2,531 38 Philippines 2,338 39 Egypt 2,103 40 Uzbekistan 1,949 41 Bahrain 1,575 42 Botswana 1,469 43 Yemen 1,215 44 Peru 1,030 45 Morocco 1,018 46 Indonesia 929 47 Gabona 925 48 Congo-Brazzaville 903 49 Turkmenistan 875 50 Chile 703

Largest surpluses$m

Largest deficits$m

1 United States -791,510 2 Spain -83,136 3 United Kingdom -53,350 4 Australia -40,977 5 France -33,290 6 Euro area -28,060 7 Italy -27,724 8 Turkey -23,155 9 Greece -17,879

10 Portugal -17,007 11 India -11,415 12 Iraqa -9,728 13 New Zealand -9,622 14 South Africa -9,142 15 Romania -8,621 16 Hungary -8,106 17 Ireland -5,331 18 Poland -5,105 19 Mexico -5,054 20 Slovakia -4,090

21 Thailand -3,670 22 Pakistan -3,608 23 Sudan -3,013 24 Bulgaria -3,004 25 Iceland -2,627 26 Croatia -2,585 27 Serbia -2,500 28 Czech Republic -2,495 29 Jordan -2,311 30 Bosnia -2,156 31 Latvia -2,002 32 Colombia -1,886 33 Lebanon -1,881 34 Lithuania -1,831 35 Ethiopia -1,568 36 Estonia -1,445 37 Guatemala -1,387 38 Equatorial Guineab -1,164 39 Jamaica -1,079 40 Syria -1,065

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Brunei 56.02 Kuwait 43.73 Libya 38.64 Macau 29.15 Singapore 28.46 Saudi Arabia 28.17 United Arab Emirates 26.18 Qatar 25.29 Nigeria 24.5

10 Trinidad & Tobago 24.311 Algeria 20.712 Venezuela 18.413 Angola 18.314 Congo-Brazzaville 17.715 Switzerland 16.716 Norway 16.417 Botswana 15.718 Malaysia 15.419 Oman 15.320 Uzbekistan 14.321 Turkmenistan 12.922 Luxembourg 12.623 Bahrain 12.124 Gabona 11.525 Hong Kong 11.4

26 Russia 10.927 Papua New Guinea 8.928 Yemen 8.429 Netherlands 8.230 China 7.231 Iran 7.1

Namibia 7.133 Sweden 6.734 Bolivia 5.335 Finland 4.936 Taiwan 4.737 Germany 4.238 Japan 3.739 Denmark 3.440 Ukraine 3.141 Israel 3.042 Argentina 2.943 Belgium 2.644 Canada 2.4

Egypt 2.4Philippines 2.4

47 South Korea 2.148 Morocco 2.049 Brazil 1.850 Swaziland 1.7

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS: CURRENT ACCOUNT 37

Largest surpluses as % of GDP%

Largest deficits as % of GDP%

a 2004 b 2003

1 Mauritania -46.52 Equatorial Guineab -36.03 Burundi -32.84 Iraqa -28.95 Bosnia -23.06 Laos -20.27 Jordan -18.08 Iceland -17.59 Zimbabwe -16.9

10 Nicaragua -16.311 Malawi -16.212 Belize -14.413 Sierra Leone -14.114 Ethiopia -14.015 Bahamas -13.0

Barbados -13.017 Burkina Faso -12.818 Latvia -12.719 Aruba -12.120 Georgia -11.8

21 Mozambique -11.522 Bulgaria -11.323 Jamaica -11.124 Estonia -11.025 Gambia, The -10.9

Sudan -10.927 Malta -10.7

Suriname -10.729 Togo -10.630 Portugal -9.831 Kyrgyzstan -9.332 Serbia -9.233 Moldova -9.134 New Zealand -8.8

Slovakia -8.836 Romania -8.737 Mali -8.638 Lebanon -8.539 Greece -8.440 Senegal -8.3

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

a Foreign exchange, SDRs, IMF position and gold at market prices.

38 WORLD RANKINGS

Workers’ remittances$m, 2006

1 Mexico 25,0382 India 23,5483 China 22,4924 Philippines 14,9235 France 12,7426 Spain 7,9277 Belgium 7,1588 United Kingdom 6,7229 Germany 6,542

10 Lebanon 5,72311 Morocco 5,19612 Bangladesh 4,81013 Serbia 4,70314 Pakistan 4,60015 Romania 4,46616 Russia 3,64217 Poland 3,54718 Brazil 3,54019 Colombia 3,51020 Guatemala 3,43921 Egypt 3,34122 Vietnam 3,20023 El Salvador 3,124

24 Portugal 3,01725 Austria 2,94126 United States 2,92427 Dominican Republic 2,91528 Australia 2,85829 Jordan 2,68130 Algeria 2,52731 Honduras 2,40032 Italy 2,39833 Nigeria 2,27334 Netherlands 2,22735 Bulgaria 2,03736 Jamaica 1,95937 Switzerland 1,91038 Indonesia 1,86539 Bosnia 1,84940 Peru 1,84641 Ecuador 1,74942 Sri Lanka 1,59043 Albania 1,43544 Tunisia 1,39345 Yemen 1,283

Official reservesa

$m, end-20051 Japan 846,895 2 China 831,410 3 Taiwan 253,295 4 South Korea 210,552 5 United States 188,255 6 Russia 182,272 7 India 137,825 8 Hong Kong 124,274 9 Singapore 115,794

10 Germany 101,678 11 France 74,359 12 Mexico 74,109 13 Malaysia 70,450 14 Italy 65,955 15 Algeria 59,166 16 Switzerland 57,576 17 Brazil 53,800 18 Turkey 52,494 19 Thailand 52,076 20 Norway 46,986 21 United Kingdom 43,595 22 Australia 43,259 23 Poland 42,561

24 Libya 41,880 25 Indonesia 34,579 26 Denmark 34,028 27 Canada 33,018 28 Venezuela 29,803 29 Czech Republic 29,556 30 Saudi Arabia 28,888 31 Nigeria 28,632 32 Argentina 28,082 33 Israel 28,059 34 Sweden 24,867 35 Egypt 21,856 36 Romania 21,601 37 UAE 21,010 38 South Africa 20,626 39 Netherlands 20,446 40 Ukraine 19,389 41 Hungary 18,590 42 Philippines 18,475 43 Spain 17,229 44 Chile 16,933 45 Lebanon 16,618 46 Morocco 16,550

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

EXCHANGE RATES 39

The Economist’s Big Mac indexBig Mac prices Implied Actual $ Under (–)/

in local in $ PPPa of exchange over (+)currency the $ rate valuation

against $, %Countries with the most under-valued currencies, January 2007

1 China 11.00 1.41 3.42 7.77 -562 Hong Kong 12.00 1.54 3.73 7.81 -523 Malaysia 5.50 1.57 1.71 3.50 -51

Venezuela 6,800.00 1.58 2,111.80 4,306.85 -515 Egypt 9.09 1.60 2.82 5.70 -506 Ukraine 9.00 1.71 2.80 5.27 -477 Indonesia 15,900.00 1.75 4,937.89 9,100.00 -46

Philippines 85.00 1.74 26.40 48.90 -46Sri Lanka 190.00 1.75 59.01 108.59 -46

10 Thailand 62.00 1.78 19.25 34.74 -4511 Russia 49.00 1.85 15.22 26.51 -4312 Paraguay 10,000.00 1.90 3,105.59 5,250.00 -4113 Slovakia 57.98 2.13 18.01 27.19 -34

South Africa 15.50 2.14 4.81 7.25 -3415 Uruguay 55.00 2.17 17.08 25.33 -3316 Costa Rica 1,130.00 2.18 350.93 519.08 -3217 Poland 6.90 2.29 2.14 3.01 -29

Taiwan 75.00 2.28 23.29 32.93 -2919 Japan 280.00 2.31 86.96 120.96 -28

Pakistan 140.00 2.31 43.48 60.73 -28

Countries with the most over-valued or least under-valued currencies, Jan. 2007

a Purchasing-power parity: local price divided by price in United States ($3.22, averageof four cities).

b Dollars per pound.c Weighted average of prices in euro area.d Dollars per euro.

1 Iceland 509.00 7.44 158.07 68.45 +1312 Norway 41.50 6.63 12.89 6.26 +1063 Switzerland 6.30 5.05 1.96 1.25 +574 Denmark 27.75 4.84 8.62 5.74 +505 Sweden 32.00 4.59 9.94 6.97 +436 United Kingdom 1.99 3.90 1.62b 1.96b +217 Euro areac 2.94 3.82 1.10d 1.30d +198 Turkey 4.55 3.22 1.41 1.41 09 New Zealand 4.60 3.16 1.43 1.45 -2

10 Canada 3.63 3.08 1.13 1.18 -4South Korea 2,900.00 3.08 900.62 941.50 -4

12 Chile 1,670.00 3.07 518.63 544.45 -5Colombia 6,900.00 3.06 2,142.86 2,253.53 -5

14 Brazil 6.40 3.01 1.99 2.13 -615 Hungary 590.00 3.00 183.23 196.84 -716 Peru 9.50 2.97 2.95 3.20 -817 UAE 10.00 2.72 3.11 3.67 -1518 Australia 3.45 2.67 1.07 1.29 -17

Mexico 29.00 2.66 9.01 10.89 -17

Exchange rates

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:48 PM

Inflation

40 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Zimbabwe 1016.72 Guineaa 31.43 Angolaa 23.04 Yemen 21.65 Uzbekistana 21.06 Zambiaa 18.37 Jamaicaa 15.38 Haiti 14.29 Kenya 14.1

10 Venezuela 13.611 Burundia 13.412 Afghanistana 13.2

Congo-Kinshasa 13.2Mozambique 13.2

15 Indonesia 13.116 Serbia 12.717 Eritreaa 12.518 Ethiopia 12.319 Irana 12.120 Moldovaa 11.921 Qatar 11.822 Costa Rica 11.5

1 Gabona 0.02 Niger 0.13 Japan 0.24 Singaporea 0.55 Taiwan 0.66 Poland 1.0

Seychellesa 1.0Switzerland 1.0

9 Belarus 1.1Brunei 1.1

11 Finland 1.312 China 1.5

Gambia, The 1.5Sweden 1.5

15 Austria 1.7Netherlands 1.7Senegala 1.7

18 Germany 1.819 Denmark 1.9

France 1.9Mali 1.9

Consumer price inflationHighest, 2006, % Lowest, 2006, %

Inflation, 2001–06Highest average annual consumer Lowest average annual consumer price inflation, % price inflation, %

1 Zimbabwe 349.82 Angolaa 64.53 Belarusa 24.34 Myanmarb 22.65 Uzbekistanb 21.56 Venezuela 20.87 Zambiab 20.08 Haiti 19.79 Eritreab 19.2

10 Dominican Republic 17.911 Turkey 17.812 Ghana 15.913 Guineab 15.814 Congo - Kinshasa 15.115 Iranb 14.716 Serbia 14.217 Afghanistanb 13.919 Nigeria 13.7

Yemen 13.721 Suriname 13.622 Romania 12.923 Argentina 12.624 Russia 12.5

1 Libyab -3.12 Hong Kong -0.63 Japan -0.34 Bruneib 0.05 Omanc 0.26 Singaporeb 0.67 Gabonb 0.78 Lithuaniab 0.8

Saudi Arabia 0.8Switzerland 0.8Taiwan 0.8

12 Kuwaitc 1.013 Finland 1.114 Panamab 1.215 Senegalb 1.316 China 1.5

Macedonia 1.5Sweden 1.5

19 Germany 1.6Norway 1.6

21 Mali 1.7United Kingdom 1.7

a 2005 b 2001–05 c 2001–04

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Zinc 136.92 Copper 83.03 Nickel 64.34 Sugar 49.45 Gold 35.86 Rubber 35.77 Aluminium 35.48 Lead 31.29 Tea 27.8

10 Wheat 26.211 Corn 24.112 Tin 18.813 Oila 16.814 Palm oil 12.515 Soya oil 10.916 Wool (NZ) 8.617 Hides 7.218 Coffee 6.919 Rice 6.820 Wool (Aus) 5.821 Cotton 5.722 Cocoa 3.223 Beef (US) 0.024 Coconut oil -0.725 Lamb -1.626 Beef (Aus) -2.5

1 Copper 271.42 Zinc 189.73 Lead 182.54 Nickel 180.45 Rubber 119.16 Oila 117.77 Gold 116.38 Sugar 80.59 Cocoa 78.8

10 Aluminium 65.711 Tin 61.112 Soya oil 56.513 Wheat 56.214 Palm oil 54.415 Rice 48.716 Lamb 40.117 Beef (Aus) 38.718 Coconut oil 32.219 Coffee 31.420 Beef (US) 25.521 Corn 24.522 Soyabeans 18.723 Timber 9.124 Hides 7.625 Wool (Aus) 7.126 Soya meal 3.6

Commodity prices2006, % change on a year earlier 2000–06, % change

The Economist’s house-price indicatorsQ4 2006b, % change on a year earlier 1997–2006, % change

1 Denmark 23.32 South Africa 14.73 Belgium 11.84 France 11.15 Canada 10.8

Spain 10.87 Ireland 10.68 Sweden 10.59 United Kingdom 10.2

Singapore 10.211 New Zealand 8.812 Australia 8.313 Italy 6.2

Netherlands 6.215 United States 5.916 China 5.617 Hong Kong 3.018 Swizerland 1.819 Germany 0.720 Japan -2.7

1 South Africa 3512 Ireland 2533 United Kingdom 1964 Spain 1735 France 1376 Australia 1357 Sweden 1248 Belgium 1189 Denmark 115

10 New Zealand 10511 United States 10212 Netherlands 9713 Italy 9214 Canada 6915 Switzerland 1716 Japan -3217 Hong Kong -43

a West Texas Intermediate. b Or latest.

INFLATION 41

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Debt

42 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest foreign debta

$bn1 China 281.62 Russia 229.03 Brazil 188.04 Turkey 171.15 Mexico 167.26 South Korea 152.87 Indonesia 138.38 India 123.19 Argentina 114.3

10 Poland 98.811 Taiwan 90.812 Israel 76.413 Hong Kong 72.314 Hungary 66.115 Philippines 61.516 Thailand 52.317 Malaysia 51.018 Czech Republic 46.819 Chile 45.220 Venezuela 44.221 Kazakhstan 43.422 Romania 38.723 Colombia 37.724 United Arab Emirates 36.725 Egypt 34.1

26 Pakistan 33.727 Ukraine 33.328 South Africa 30.629 Croatia 30.230 Peru 28.731 Singapore 23.832 Slovakia 23.733 Lebanon 22.4

Qatar 22.435 Nigeria 22.236 Iran 21.337 Vietnam 19.338 Bangladesh 18.939 Sudan 18.540 Slovenia 18.441 Tunisia 17.842 Ecuador 17.143 Kuwait 17.044 Algeria 16.945 Bulgaria 16.8

Morocco 16.847 Serbia 16.348 Uruguay 14.649 Cuba 14.550 Latvia 14.3

1 Liberia 3,5142 Somalia 1,1373 Burundi 1,0724 Central African Rep 7155 Guinea-Bissau 6606 Congo-Kinshasa 3837 Sudan 3588 Uruguay 3329 Madagascar 323

10 Mauritania 28911 Argentina 24512 Zimbabwe 22813 Eritrea 21314 Latvia 21115 Serbia 20216 Laos 20017 Peru 19818 Burkina Faso 19619 Turkey 195

20 Kazakhstan 18521 Brazil 18322 Sierra Leone 17823 Cuba 17424 Colombia 17125 Ecuador 16626 Gambia, The 162

Malawi 162Togo 162

29 Croatia 159Indonesia 159

31 Rwanda 15432 Myanmar 14833 Guinea 14634 Niger 14235 Jamaica 14136 Romania 137

Uganda 13738 Pakistan 134

a Foreign debt is debt owed to non-residents and repayable in foreign currency; thefigures shown include liabilities of government, public and private sectors. Developedcountries have been excluded.

Highest foreign debtAs % of exports of goods and services

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:49 PM

DEBT 43

Highest foreign debt burdenForeign debt as % of GDP

Highest debt service ratiosb

%, average

b Debt service is the sum of interest and principal repayments (amortisation) due onoutstanding foreign debt. The debt service ratio is debt service expressed as apercentage of the country’s exports of goods and services.

1 Liberia 1,0872 Guinea-Bissau 2903 Congo-Brazzaville 1244 Congo-Kinshasa 1235 Mauritania 1176 Uruguay 1167 Lebanon 1148 Burundi 1109 Kazakhstan 106

10 Latvia 10411 Estonia 10212 Gambia, The 9913 Jamaica 9314 Panama 9015 Croatia 8916 Sudan 8817 Zimbabwe 8518 Myanmar 7519 Togo 7420 Argentina 7321 Moldova 7022 Côte d’Ivoire 69

Hungary 69Serbia 69Tunisia 69

26 Bulgaria 6827 Central African Rep 67

Philippines 6729 Jordan 6530 Gabon 63

Laos 63Mongolia 63

33 Slovakia 6134 Ecuador 60

Ireland 6036 Angola 59

Israel 59Turkey 59

39 Cambodia 58Malawi 58

41 Eritrea 5742 Indonesia 5543 Papua New Guinea 55

1 Brazil 452 Kazakhstan 423 Burundi 414 Turkey 39

Uruguay 396 Latvia 377 Colombia 358 Bulgaria 329 Ecuador 31

Hungary 3111 Poland 2912 Peru 2613 Croatia 2414 Argentina 2115 Namibia 1916 Lebanon 18

Panama 18Romania 18Slovenia 18

20 Indonesia 17Lithuania 17Madagascar 17

Mexico 17Philippines 17

25 Jamaica 16Nigeria 16

27 Bolivia 15Chile 15Russia 15Slovakia 15Thailand 15

32 Cuba 14Estonia 14

34 Tunisia 13Ukraine 13Zimbabwe 13

37 Algeria 12Czech Republic 12Gambia, The 12India 12

41 Israel 11Morocco 11Papua New Guinea 11Paraguay 11

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:49 PM

Aid

44 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest bilateral and multilateral donorsa

$m

Largest recipients of bilateral and multilateral aid$m

1 Iraq 21,654 2 Nigeria 6,437 3 Afghanistan 2,775 4 Indonesia 2,524 5 Ethiopia 1,937 6 Vietnam 1,905 7 Sudan 1,829 8 Congo-Kinshasa 1,828 9 China 1,757

10 India 1,724 11 Pakistan 1,666 12 Tanzania 1,505 13 Congo 1,449 14 Bangladesh 1,321 15 Mozambique 1,286 16 Uganda 1,198 17 Sri Lanka 1,189 18 Serbia 1,132 19 Ghana 1,120 20 West Bank and Gaza 1,102 21 Zambia 94522 Madagascar 92923 Egypt 92624 Kenya 76825 Nicaragua 74026 South Africa 70027 Mali 69128 Senegal 68929 Honduras 68130 Burkina Faso 66031 Morocco 65232 Jordan 62233 Bolivia 58334 Rwanda 576

35 Malawi 57536 Philippines 56237 Bosnia 54638 Cambodia 53839 Haiti 515

Niger 51541 Colombia 51142 Turkey 46443 Angola 44244 Nepal 42845 Cameroon 41446 Ukraine 41047 Peru 39848 Chad 38049 Tunisia 37650 Algeria 37151 Zimbabwe 36852 Burundi 36553 Eritrea 35554 Benin 34955 Sierra Leone 34356 Yemen 33657 Albania 31958 Georgia 31059 Laos 29660 Kyrgyzstan 26861 Papua New Guinea 26662 Guatemala 25463 Lebanon 24364 Tajikistan 24165 Liberia 236

Somalia 23667 Macedonia 23068 Kazakhstan 229

1 United States 27,6222 Japan 13,1473 United Kingdom 10,7674 Germany 10,0825 France 10,0266 Netherlands 5,1157 Italy 5,0918 Canada 3,7569 Sweden 3,362

10 Spain 3,01811 Norway 2,78612 Denmark 2,10913 Belgium 1,963

14 Switzerland 1,76715 Saudi Arabiab 1,73416 Australia 1,68017 Austria 1,57318 Finland 90219 South Korea 75220 Ireland 71921 Turkey 60122 Kuwait 54723 Taiwan 48324 Greece 38425 Portugal 37726 New Zealand 274

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

AID 45

Largest bilateral and multilateral donorsa

% of GDP

Largest recipients of bilateral and multilateral aid$ per head

1 Norway 0.94Sweden 0.94

3 Luxembourg 0.82Netherlands 0.82

5 Denmark 0.816 Saudi Arabiab 0.697 Belgium 0.538 Austria 0.529 France 0.47

United Kingdom 0.4711 Finland 0.4612 Switzerland 0.4413 Ireland 0.4214 Germany 0.3615 Canada 0.3416 Italy 0.29

17 Japan 0.2818 New Zealand 0.27

Spain 0.2720 Australia 0.2521 United States 0.2222 Portugal 0.2123 Iceland 0.1824 Greece 0.17

Turkey 0.1726 Slovakia 0.1227 Czech Republic 0.11

Hungary 0.1129 South Korea 0.1030 Israel 0.07

Poland 0.07

a China also provides aid, but does not disclose amounts. b 2004

1 Congo-Brazzaville 3622 West Bank and Gaza 3033 Timor-Leste 1894 Bosnia 1405 Serbia 1396 Nicaragua 1357 Jordan 1158 Macedonia 1139 Albania 102

10 Bhutan 98Suriname 98

12 Honduras 9513 Mongolia 8314 Eritrea 81

Zambia 8116 Equatorial Guinea 7817 Fiji 7518 Liberia 7219 Georgia 6920 Lebanon 6821 Mozambique 6522 Armenia 64

Rwanda 6424 Bolivia 6325 Mauritania 62

Sierra Leone 6227 Namibia 61

Sri Lanka 6129 Haiti 6030 Senegal 59

31 Kyrgyzstan 5232 Ghana 51

Mali 5134 Burkina Faso 50

Guinea-Bissau 50Laos 50Madagascar 50Sudan 50

39 Nigeria 4940 Burundi 4841 Moldova 4642 Belize 45

Malawi 45Papua New Guinea 45

45 Uganda 4246 Benin 41

Swaziland 4148 Botswana 4049 Chad 39

Gabon 39Tanzania 39

52 Cambodia 38Gambia 38Lesotho 38Tunisia 38

56 Niger 37Tajikistan 37

58 Congo-Kinshasa 3259 El Salvador 29

Somalia 29

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:50 PM

Industry and services

46 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 2,7322 Japan 1,3603 China 1,0724 Germany 8385 United Kingdom 5726 Italy 4767 France 4478 Spain 3379 South Korea 315

10 Russia 29011 Brazil 28912 India 21813 Mexico 20014 Australia 19815 Saudi Arabia 18316 Netherlands 15017 Indonesia 13218 Norway 12719 Switzerland 10320 Sweden 10021 Austria 9522 Poland 9423 Belgium 8924 Turkey 87

25 Iran 85Taiwan 85

27 Thailand 7828 Ireland 7529 United Arab Emirates 73

Venezuela 7331 South Africa 7232 Malaysia 6833 Argentina 6634 Denmark 6535 Algeria 6336 Finland 5837 Nigeria 5638 Chile 5439 Greece 4740 Czech Republic 46

Portugal 4642 Colombia 4243 Kuwait 4144 Singapore 4045 Hungary 34

Romania 3447 Egypt 32

Philippines 32

Largest industrial output$bn

Highest growth in industrial output Average annual real % growth, 2000–2005

1 Chad 45.92 Afghanistan 21.13 Armenia 16.84 Azerbaijan 16.75 Cambodia 14.26 Trinidad and Tobago 12.77 Georgia 12.68 Laos 12.19 Tajikistan 11.6

10 Kazakhstan 11.311 Belarus 11.112 China 10.913 Angola 10.5

Estonia 10.5Lithuania 10.5

16 Mozambique 10.317 Vietnam 10.218 Tanzania 9.7

Lowest growth in industrial outputAverage annual real % growth, 2000–2005

1 Iraq -17.02 Zimbabwe -10.03 Burundi -6.24 Papua New Guinea -3.65 Hong Kong -3.46 Côte d’Ivoire -1.87 Portugal -1.18 Denmark -0.99 Syria -0.7

10 Dominican Republic -0.611 Oman -0.512 Italy -0.2

Venezuela -0.214 Netherlands -0.1

United Kingdom -0.116 Japan 0.0

Yemen 0.018 Belgium 0.4

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

INDUSTRY 47

1 United States 1,7382 Japan 9523 China 7604 Germany 6435 United Kingdom 3306 Italy 3177 France 2768 South Korea 2219 Spain 180

10 Mexico 13811 Russia 13712 India 12913 Australia 8814 Netherlands 8715 Indonesia 8016 Switzerland 73

Taiwan 7318 Sweden 7219 Belgium 6320 Thailand 62

21 Austria 6122 Poland 5523 Ireland 5424 Turkey 5125 South Africa 4626 Argentina 42

Finland 4228 Malaysia 4029 Denmark 3630 Norway 33

Singapore 3332 Czech Republic 31

Saudi Arabia 3134 Portugal 2935 Hungary 25

Venezuela 2537 Greece 2538 Romania 2439 Iran 23

Philippines 23

Largest manufacturing output$bn

Largest services output$bn

1 United States 9,5612 Japan 3,0833 Germany 1,9284 France 1,6385 United Kingdom 1,6056 Italy 1,2517 China 8948 Spain 7549 Mexico 538

10 Australia 51311 Netherlands 46212 South Korea 44113 India 43514 Russia 42815 Brazil 41016 Belgium 27817 Switzerland 25718 Sweden 254

Taiwan 25420 Turkey 23621 Austria 20822 Poland 19723 Denmark 19124 Greece 16725 Norway 16326 Hong Kong 160

South Africa 160

28 Portugal 13429 Finland 13130 Ireland 12131 Indonesia 11832 Saudi Arabia 11533 Argentina 10134 Iran 8535 Thailand 8136 Singapore 7737 Czech Republic 7538 Hungary 7139 Colombia 6540 Venezuela 6241 Pakistan 5942 Chile 5543 Romania 54

United Arab Emirates 5445 Malaysia 52

Philippines 5247 Peru 46

Ukraine 4649 Egypt 4450 Kuwait 4051 Bangladesh 3252 Algeria 31

Kazakhstan 31Slovakia 31

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Agriculture

48 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Liberia 63.62 Guinea-Bissau 61.83 Central African Rep 53.94 Ethiopia 47.75 Sierra Leone 46.16 Congo-Kinshasa 46.0

Laos 46.08 Tanzania 44.59 Rwanda 42.2

10 Togo 41.811 Cameroon 40.812 Nepal 40.213 Nigera 39.914 Ghana 38.815 Mali 36.016 Burundi 34.917 Malawi 34.718 Kyrgyzstan 34.119 Sudan 33.720 Uganda 33.521 Gambia 33.022 Cambodiab 32.923 Benin 32.2

24 Burkina Faso 30.625 Madagascar 28.1

Uzbekistan 28.127 Kenya 27.428 Paraguay 26.829 Bhutanb 25.830 Guinea 25.631 Albaniab 25.232 Nigeria 23.733 Mozambique 23.234 Guatemala 22.935 Chad 22.736 Eritrea 22.637 Zimbabwe 22.438 Mongolia 22.139 Tajikistan 22.040 Vietnamb 21.841 Côte d’Ivoire 21.742 Pakistan 21.643 Syria 21.444 Moldova 21.345 Armenia 20.5

Bangladesh 20.5

Most economically dependent on agriculture% of GDP from agriculture

Least economically dependent on agriculture% of GDP from agriculture

1 Hong Kongb 0.1Singapore 0.1

3 Kuwaita 0.54 Luxembourgb 0.65 Puerto Ricoc 0.76 Trinidad & Tobagob 0.97 United Kingdomb 1.08 Germanyb 1.19 Japana 1.3

10 Belgiumb 1.411 Norwayb 1.612 Swedenb 1.813 Austriab 1.9

Omanb 1.915 Denmarkb 2.3

Jordan 2.317 Netherlandsb 2.418 Franceb 2.5

Sloveniab 2.520 Botswana 2.6

Italyb 2.622 Irelanda 2.7

United Arab Emiratesb 2.7

24 South Africa 3.125 Finlandb 3.226 Australiaa 3.4

Czech Republicb 3.428 Slovakia 3.5

Spainb 3.530 Portugalb 3.7

South Koreab 3.732 Hungaryb 3.8

Mexico 3.834 Saudi Arabiab 4.035 Latviab 4.136 Estoniab 4.337 Venezuelaa 4.538 Poland 4.939 Barbadosa 5.440 Chile 5.5

Jamaicab 5.542 Congo-Brazzaville 5.6

Russia 5.644 Lithuania 5.945 Mauritius 6.146 Ecuador 6.3

a 2003 b 2004 c 2001

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

AGRICULTURE 49

Highest growthAverage annual real % growth, 1995–2005a

Lowest growthAverage annual real % growth, 1995–2005a

Biggest producers’000 tonnesCereals

Meat

Fruit

Vegetables

1 Sudan 10.92 Angola 10.33 United Arab Emirates 8.64 Rwanda 7.55 Kuwait 6.3

Mozambique 6.37 Tajikistan 5.88 Tunisia 5.79 Belize 5.6

Benin 5.6Yemen 5.6

12 Azerbaijan 5.3Kyrgyzstan 5.3United States 5.3

15 Armenia 5.216 Cameroon 5.1

Gambia, The 5.118 Algeria 5.0

1 West Bank and Gaza -4.02 Jamaica -3.33 Luxembourg -2.94 Japan -2.55 Switzerland -2.16 Barbados -1.67 Trinidad & Tobago -1.58 Fiji -1.2

9 Congo-Kinshasa -1.1Zimbabwe -1.1

11 Burundi -1.0Eritrea -1.0

13 Estonia -0.814 Georgia -0.3

Mongolia -0.316 Slovenia -0.2

1 China 429,3742 United States 366,5423 India 242,2844 Russia 76,5645 France 65,998

6 Indonesia 64,2247 Brazil 55,6898 Canada 53,0869 Germany 45,980

10 Bangladesh 41,155

1 China 78,7542 United States 39,5303 Brazil 19,9664 Germany 7,0775 France 6,824

6 India 6,7167 Mexico 5,5518 Canada 5,5479 Spain 5,254

10 Russia 4,881

1 China 87,1272 India 47,0313 Brazil 36,8634 United States 26,9775 Italy 18,015

6 Spain 15,4907 Mexico 14,8888 Indonesia 13,7779 Iran 13,193

10 Philippines 12,958

1 China 429,2562 India 77,0293 United States 35,9844 Turkey 25,064

5 Italy 15,6646 Egypt 15,4757 Russia 14,3238 Spain 12,788

a Or nearest available years.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 EU27 133,8002 China 97,5003 India 68,6004 United States 57,3005 Russia 47,6006 Canada 26,8007 Australia 25,1008 Pakistan 21,6009 Ukraine 18,700

10 Turkey 18,000

1 Brazil 28,1352 EU25 21,6983 India 15,2164 China 9,7855 United States 6,7846 Mexico 5,6197 Australia 5,3938 Thailand 4,5899 Pakistan 2,839

10 Russia 2,719

Commodities

50 WORLD RANKINGS

WheatTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000s tonnes

Ricea

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000 tonnes

1 EU27 129,4002 China 100,5003 India 72,2004 Russia 38,0005 United States 31,2006 Pakistan 21,1007 Turkey 15,7008 Egypt 15,6009 Iran 14,800

10 Ukraine 12,000

1 China 128,0002 India 85,2203 Indonesia 35,8004 Bangladesh 29,0005 Vietnam 18,2506 Philippines 11,0007 Myanmar 10,4008 Thailand 9,5009 Brazil 8,974

10 Japan 8,250

1 India 20,1102 EU25 16,7653 China 11,7854 Brazil 10,9505 United States 9,2486 Russia 6,6007 Mexico 4,8778 Pakistan 4,0759 Indonesia 4,052

10 Egypt 2,675

1 China 126,4142 India 91,7903 Indonesia 34,9594 Bangladesh 28,7585 Vietnam 22,7726 Thailand 18,2007 Myanmar 10,4408 Philippines 9,8209 Japan 8,257

10 Brazil 7,874

Sugarb

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Coarse grainsc


1 United States 298,7002 China 149,0003 EU27 148,3004 Brazil 44,4005 India 34,600

1 United States 244,3002 China 146,1003 EU27 144,9004 Brazil 41,7005 Mexico 38,500

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

COMMODITIES 51

TeaTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers’000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

CoffeeTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000s tonnes

CocoaTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

a Milled.b Raw.c Includes: maize (corn), barley, sorghum, rye, oats and millet.

1 China 9352 India 9283 Kenya 3294 Sri Lanka 3175 Indonesia 1666 Turkey 1357 Vietnam 1098 Japan 1009 Argentina 73

10 Bangladesh 59

1 India 7572 China 5873 Russia 1734 Japan 1505 Pakistan 1396 Turkey 1337 United Kingdom 1288 United States 1009 Egypt 77

10 Iran 62

1 Brazil 1,9772 Vietnam 8103 Colombia 7184 Indonesia 5205 India 2776 Ethiopia 2707 Mexico 2408 Guatemala 2219 Honduras 192

10 Côte d’Ivoire 130

1 United States 1,2462 Brazil 9573 Germany 5014 Japan 4335 Italy 3286 France 3037 Spain 1868 United Kingdom 1449 Poland 131

10 Indonesia 120

1 Côte d’Ivoire 1,2862 Ghana 5993 Indonesia 4604 Nigeria 2005 Cameroon 1846 Brazil 1717 Ecuador 1168 Papua New Guinea 489 Colombia 37

10 Mexico 36

1 United States 7812 Germany 2783 France 2464 United Kingdom 2205 Russia 1846 Japan 1537 Italy 1108 Spain 909 Brazil 88

10 Poland 63

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

52 WORLD RANKINGS

CopperTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

LeadTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb


ZincTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersc


1 Chile 5,3212 United States 1,1403 Indonesia 1,0644 Peru 1,0105 Australia 9306 Russia 8057 China 7628 Canada 5959 Poland 512

10 Zambia 441

1 China 3,6562 United States 2,2703 Japan 1,2294 Germany 1,1155 South Korea 8696 Russia 7927 Italy 6818 Taiwan 6389 France 472

10 Mexico 437

1 China 1,3272 Australia 7673 United States 4414 Peru 3195 Mexico 1356 Canada 797 Ireland 648 India 60

Sweden 6010 Poland 51

1 China 1,9852 United States 1,4603 South Korea 3534 Germany 3305 Japan 2946 Mexico 2897 United Kingdom 2828 Spain 2799 Italy 262

10 France 210

1 China 2,5482 Australia 1,3673 Peru 1,2024 United States 7485 Canada 6676 India 4777 Mexico 4738 Ireland 4299 Kazakhstan 364

10 Sweden 216

1 China 2,9892 United States 1,1203 Japan 6024 Germany 5145 South Korea 4436 India 3897 Italy 3738 Belgium 3459 Taiwan 306

10 France 271

1 China 115.52 United States 42.13 Japan 33.24 Germany 19.15 South Korea 17.9

TinTop 5 producersa Top 5 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes1 China 121.62 Indonesia 120.03 Peru 42.14 Bolivia 18.75 Brazil 11.7

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

COMMODITIES 53

NickelTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb


AluminiumTop 10 producersd Top 10 consumerse

‘000 tonnes ’000 tonnes

Precious metalsGold a Silver a

Top 10 producers Top 10 producerstonnes tonnes

Platinum PalladiumTop 3 producers Top 3 producerstonnes tonnes

a Mine production. b Refined consumption. c Slab consumption.d Primary refined production. e Primary refined consumption.

1 Russia 289.22 Canada 199.93 Australia 186.04 Indonesia 134.65 New Caledonia 111.96 China 72.77 Cuba 72.08 Colombia 52.79 South Africa 42.4

10 Brazil 36.6

1 China 200.72 Japan 171.03 United States 128.04 South Korea 117.75 Germany 116.46 Taiwan 84.17 Italy 60.08 Finland 50.49 Belgium 49.3

10 Spain 48.0

1 China 7,8062 Russia 3,6473 Canada 2,8944 United States 2,4805 Australia 1,9036 Brazil 1,4987 Norway 1,3778 India 9429 South Africa 851

10 United Arab Emirates 850

1 China 7,1192 United States 6,1143 Japan 2,2764 Germany 1,7595 South Korea 1,2016 Russia 1,0207 Italy 9778 India 9589 Canada 803

10 Brazil 759

1 South Africa 297.32 Australia 263.03 United States 255.04 China 208.85 Peru 207.86 Russia 156.67 Indonesia 138.78 Canada 120.59 Uzbekistan 86.0

10 Papua New Guinea 68.7

1 South Africa 159.12 Russia 27.73 United States/Canada 11.4

1 Russia 143.72 South Africa 81.03 United States/Canada 28.1

1 Peru 3,1932 Mexico 2,8703 Australia 2,4174 China 2,0005 Chile 1,4006 Poland 1,2637 United States 1,2258 Canada 1,1249 Kazakhstan 804

10 Bolivia 420

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

54 WORLD RANKINGS

Rubber (natural and synthetic)Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Raw woolTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersa


CottonTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Major oil seedsb


1 Thailand 3,0772 United States 2,3663 Indonesia 2,3214 China 2,0605 Japan 1,6276 Russia 1,1477 Malaysia 1,0828 India 8679 Germany 855

10 France 655

1 China 4,6252 United States 3,1143 Japan 2,0134 India 1,0235 Germany 8986 South Korea 7147 Brazil 7078 Russia 6369 France 585

10 Malaysia 557

1 Australia 3352 China 1713 New Zealand 1674 Argentina 435 India 386 United Kingdom 317 Uruguay 298 South Africa 27

Turkey 2710 Iran 24

1 China 3582 India 1203 Italy 1104 Turkey 695 United Kingdom 316 Japan 307 Russia 298 Iran 269 Belgium 25

10 New Zealand 23

1 China 5,7142 United States 5,2013 India 4,1484 Pakistan 2,0895 Uzbekistan 1,2106 Brazil 1,0387 Turkey 8008 Australia 5989 Greece 430

10 Syria 330

1 China 9,6172 India 3,6273 Pakistan 2,3904 Turkey 1,5005 United States 1,2826 Brazil 8707 Indonesia 4708 Bangladesh 4559 Mexico 455

10 Thailand 440

1 United States 94,8412 Brazil 57,7783 China 51,8184 Argentina 45,4695 India 28,370

1 China 78,5262 United States 63,5663 Argentina 37,6594 EU25 37,3855 Brazil 32,850

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

COMMODITIES 55

Oilc

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 barrels per day ‘000 barrels per day

Natural gasTop 10 producers Top 10 consumersBillion cubic metres Billion cubic metres

CoalTop 10 producers Top 10 consumersMillion tonnes oil equivalent Million tonnes oil equivalent

1 Saudi Arabiad 11,0352 Russia 9,5513 United States 6,8304 Irand 4,0495 Mexico 3,7596 China 3,6277 Canada 3,0478 Venezuelad 3,0079 Norway 2,969

10 United Arab Emiratesd 2,751

1 United States 20,6552 China 6,9883 Japan 5,3604 Russia 2,7535 Germany 2,5866 India 2,4857 South Korea 2,3088 Canada 2,2419 Mexico 1,978

10 France 1,961

1 Russia 598.02 United States 525.73 Canada 185.54 United Kingdom 88.05 Algeriad 87.86 Irand 87.07 Norway 85.08 Indonesiad 76.09 Saudi Arabiad 69.5

10 Netherlands 62.9

1 United States 633.52 Russia 405.13 United Kingdom 94.64 Canada 91.45 Irand 88.56 Germany 85.97 Japan 81.18 Italy 79.09 Ukraine 72.9

10 Saudi Arabiad 69.5

1 China 1107.72 United States 576.23 Australia 202.44 India 199.65 South Africa 138.96 Russia 137.07 Indonesiad 83.28 Poland 68.79 Germany 53.2

10 Kazakhstan 44.0

1 China 1081.92 United States 575.43 India 212.94 Japan 121.35 Russia 111.66 South Africa 91.97 Germany 82.18 Poland 56.79 South Korea 54.8

10 Australia 52.2

Oilc

Top proved reserves% of world total

1 Saudi Arabiad 22.02 Irand 11.53 Iraqd 9.64 Kuwaitd 8.5

5 United Arab Emiratesd 8.16 Venezuelad 6.67 Russia 6.2

a Clean basis. b Soybeans, sunflower seed, cottonseed, groundnuts and rapeseed.c Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and natural gas liquids. d Opec members.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Energy

56 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 2,325.9 2 China 1,609.3 3 Russia 641.5 4 India 572.9 5 Japan 533.2 6 Germany 348.0 7 France 275.2 8 Canada 269.0 9 United Kingdom 233.7

10 South Korea 213.0 11 Brazil 204.8 12 Italy 184.5 13 Indonesia 174.0 14 Mexico 165.5 15 Iran 145.8

16 Spain 142.2 17 Saudi Arabia 140.4 18 Ukraine 140.3 19 South Africa 131.1 20 Australia 115.8 21 Nigeria 99.0 22 Thailand 97.1 23 Poland 91.7 24 Netherlands 82.1 25 Turkey 81.9 26 Pakistan 74.4 27 Argentina 63.7 28 Belgium 57.7 29 Egypt 56.9 30 Malaysia 56.7

Largest producersMillion tonnnes oil equivalent, 2004

Largest consumersMillion tonnnes oil equivalent, 2004

1 United States 1,641.0 2 China 1,536.8 3 Russia 1,158.5 4 Saudi Arabia 556.2 5 India 466.9 6 Canada 397.5 7 Iran 278.0 8 Australia 261.8 9 Indonesia 258.0

10 Mexico 253.9 11 Norway 238.6 12 Nigeria 229.4 13 United Kingdom 225.2 14 Venezuela 196.1 15 Brazil 176.3

16 Algeria 165.7 17 United Arab Emirates 164.0 18 South Africa 156.0 19 France 137.4 20 Germany 136.0 21 Kuwait 132.8 22 Kazakhstan 118.6 23 Iraq 103.4 24 Japan 96.8 25 Malaysia 88.5 26 Argentina 85.4

Libya 85.4 28 Poland 78.8 29 Ukraine 76.3 30 Colombia 76.2

Energy efficiencya

Most efficient Least efficient GDP per unit of energy use, 2004 GDP per unit of energy use, 2003

1 Hong Kong 11.52 Colombia 10.9

Peru 10.94 Bangladesh 10.55 Uruguay 10.46 Morocco 10.37 Namibia 10.28 Costa Rica 10.09 Ireland 9.5

10 Botswana 8.6

1 Uzbekistan 0.82 Tanzania 1.3

Trinidad & Tobago 1.34 Nigeria 1.45 Zambia 1.56 Kazakhstan 1.9

Kuwait 1.98 Moldova 2.0

Russia 2.0Ukraine 2.0

a 2000 PPP$, per kg of oil equivalent.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Hong Kong 1002 Singapore 993 Moldova 984 Jordan 96

Lebanon 966 Morocco 947 Israel 928 Jamaica 889 Ireland 87

10 Belarus 8611 Portugal 85

1 Congo-Brazzaville -10842 Norway -7633 Gabon -6154 Angola -5055 Kuwait -4296 Algeria -4047 Oman -3918 Libya -3699 Saudi Arabia -296

10 Turkmenistan -274United Arab Emirates -274

ENERGY 57

Net energy importers% of commercial energy use, 2004Highest Lowest

Largest consumption per headKg of oil equivalent, 2004

Sources of electricity% of total, 2004

1 Kuwait 10,212 2 United Arab Emirates 10,142 3 Trinidad & Tobago 8,675 4 Canada 8,411 5 United States 7,921 6 Finland 7,286 7 Saudi Arabia 6,233 8 Singapore 6,034 9 Norway 6,024

10 Sweden 5,998 11 Australia 5,762

12 Belgium 5,536 13 Netherlands 5,045 14 Oman 4,667 15 France 4,547 16 Czech Republic 4,460

Russia 4,460 18 South Korea 4,431 19 New Zealand 4,344 20 Germany 4,218 21 Japan 4,173 22 Austria 4,060

Oil1 Yemen 100.02 Benin 98.83 Iraq 98.54 Jamaica 96.55 Cuba 95.3

Hydropower1 Congo-Brazzaville 100.0

Paraguay 100.03 Nepal 99.84 Congo-Kinshasa 99.7

Mozambique 99.7

Coal1 Botswana 95.72 Poland 94.13 South Africa 93.24 Estonia 92.45 Australia 79.3

Gas1 Turkmenistan 100.02 Trinidad & Tobago 99.53 Moldova 97.94 United Arab Emirates 97.55 Algeria 97.0

Nuclear power1 Lithuania 80.52 France 79.03 Belgium 56.14 Slovakia 55.95 Sweden 51.1

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Workers of the worlda

58 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest % of population in labour force

Most male workforceHighest % men in workforce

1 Pakistan 83.92 West Bank and Gaza 83.43 Algeria 83.04 Oman 81.65 Syria 80.66 Bahrain 78.37 Egypt 78.18 Bangladesh 77.79 Guatemala 77.4

10 Tunisia 74.311 Turkey 73.712 Morocco 72.913 Malta 69.2

Nicaragua 69.215 India 68.416 Sri Lanka 66.517 Honduras 66.318 Costa Rica 65.419 Malaysia 65.3

Mauritius 65.321 Mexico 64.522 Chile 64.423 Suriname 63.124 Panama 62.725 Philippines 62.2

Most female workforceHighest % women in workforce

1 Belarus 53.32 Benin 53.13 Moldova 51.0

Mongolia 51.0Tanzania 51.0

6 Cayman Islands 49.77 Ghana 49.68 Armenia 49.5

Madagascar 49.510 Bahamas 49.4

Estonia 49.412 Guadeloupe 49.1

Lithuania 49.1Russia 49.1

15 Kazakhstan 49.016 Ukraine 48.917 Barbados 48.7

Latvia 48.719 Bermuda 48.520 Zimbabwe 48.221 Papua New Guinea 47.9

Sweden 47.923 Ethiopia 47.824 Finland 47.7

Azerbaijan 47.7

1 Cayman Islands 68.92 Bermuda 59.43 China 57.84 Switzerland 57.55 Thailand 55.76 Canada 55.4

Denmark 54.48 Iceland 54.09 Norway 52.9

10 Netherlands 52.611 Brazil 52.4

Portugal 52.4Singapore 52.4

14 Hong Kong 52.0Japan 52.0

16 Macau 51.817 New Zealand 51.718 Australia 50.819 Sweden 50.720 Russia 50.6

21 Slovenia 50.522 Czech Republic 50.323 United Kingdom 50.224 Finland 50.025 Cyprus 49.926 South Korea 49.727 Slovakia 49.428 Ecuador 49.329 United States 49.130 Latvia 49.031 Brunei 48.832 Estonia 48.633 Austria 48.5

Germany 48.535 Ghana 47.836 Belgium 47.6

Spain 47.638 Ireland 47.539 Bahrain 47.440 Lithuania 47.2

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

WORKERS OF THE WORLD 59

Lowest % of population in labour force

Highest rate of unemployment% of labour forceb

1 Macedonia 37.22 Namibia 33.83 South Africa 27.14 West Bank and Gaza 26.75 Guinea-Bissau 26.36 Guadeloupe 24.77 Ethiopia 22.98 Martinique 22.49 Botswana 19.6

10 Poland 19.011 Dominican Republic 18.412 Slovakia 18.113 Algeria 17.714 Uruguay 16.915 Venezuela 15.816 Argentina 15.617 Albania 15.2

Serbia 15.219 Netherlands Antilles 15.120 Tunisia 14.321 Burundi 14.0

Suriname 14.023 Croatia 13.824 Colombia 13.625 Jordan 13.2

26 Lithuania 12.827 Georgia 12.628 Kyrgyzstan 12.529 Iran 12.3

Panama 12.331 Nicaragua 12.232 Bulgaria 12.033 Morocco 11.934 Syria 11.735 Yemen 11.536 Jamaica 11.437 Germany 11.0

Spain 11.039 Philippines 10.940 Bahamas 10.841 Israel 10.742 Puerto Rico 10.643 Peru 10.544 Latvia 10.4

Trinidad & Tobago 10.446 Turkey 10.347 France 9.948 Barbados 9.849 Brazil 9.7

Estonia 9.7

a Latest available year. b ILO definition.

1 West Bank and Gaza 21.92 Algeria 27.63 Syria 29.34 Pakistan 29.65 Egypt 30.56 Congo-Brazzaville 32.37 Armenia 32.48 Turkey 33.59 Suriname 34.6

10 Bangladesh 34.711 Botswana 35.0

Guatemala 35.0Tunisia 35.0

14 Nicaragua 36.515 Puerto Rico 37.016 Oman 37.317 Morocco 37.418 Panama 38.719 India 39.120 Georgia 39.3

Mongolia 39.322 Malta 39.523 Moldova 39.624 Chile 39.725 Guinea-Bissau 39.926 El Salvador 40.1

Sri Lanka 40.128 Croatia 40.829 Honduras 40.9

Macedonia 40.931 Malaysia 41.332 Zimbabwe 41.533 Mexico 41.734 Hungary 42.035 Israel 42.136 Italy 42.237 Costa Rica 42.338 Albania 42.439 Bulgaria 42.7

Greece 42.7

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

The business world

60 WORLD RANKINGS

Global competitivenessOverall Government Infrastructure

1 United States Singapore United States2 Singapore Hong Kong Switzerland3 Hong Kong Switzerland Singapore4 Luxembourg Denmark Denmark5 Denmark Ireland Sweden6 Switzerland New Zealand Japan7 Iceland Australia Germany8 Netherlands China Iceland9 Sweden Luxembourg Norway

10 Canada Austria Netherlands11 Austria Canada Finland12 Australia Iceland Canada13 Norway Estonia Austria14 Ireland Sweden Israel15 China Norway Luxembourg16 Germany Chile Australia17 Finland Finland Belgium18 Taiwan Netherlands France19 New Zealand United States South Korea20 United Kingdom Taiwan Hong Kong21 Israel Malaysia Taiwan22 Estonia United Kingdom United Kingdom23 Malaysia Germany New Zealand24 Japan Portugal Ireland25 Belgium Israel Hungary26 Chile Lithuania Malaysia27 India Thailand Czech Republic28 France Belgium China 29 South Korea Spain Spain30 Spain Greece Lithuania31 Lithuania South Korea Estonia32 Czech Republic Jordan Portugal33 Thailand India Slovenia34 Slovakia Japan Greece35 Hungary South Africa Italy36 Greece Colombia Jordan37 Jordan Slovakia Russia38 Colombia Bulgaria Slovakia39 Portugal Russia Chile40 Slovenia Hungary Poland41 Bulgaria Czech Republic Bulgaria42 Italy France Romania43 Russia Slovenia Croatia44 Romania Mexico Argentina

Notes: Rankings reflect assessments for the ability of a country to achieve sustainedhigh rates of GDP growth per head. Column 1 is based on 259 criteria covering:the openness of an economy, the role of the government, the development of financialmarkets, the quality of infrastructure, technology, business management andjudicial and political institutions and labour-market flexibility. Column 2 looks at theextent to which government policies are conducive to competitiveness. Column 3 isbased on the extent to which a country is integrated into regional trade blocks.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

2007–11 score 2002–2006 score 2002–2006 ranking1 Denmark 8.80 8.71 12 Singapore 8.77 8.69 23 Canada 8.74 8.63 4

Finland 8.74 8.67 35 Hong Kong 8.73 8.57 76 United States 8.67 8.61 67 Netherlands 8.65 8.53 88 Switzerland 8.62 8.48 109 Sweden 8.60 8.29 11

10 United Kingdom 8.55 8.61 511 Ireland 8.48 8.51 912 Australia 8.45 8.17 1313 Germany 8.43 7.98 1514 New Zealand 8.30 8.19 1215 Austria 8.28 7.87 1716 Belgium 8.20 8.01 1417 Norway 8.17 7.92 1618 France 8.13 7.86 1819 Taiwan 8.09 7.66 2120 Chile 7.94 7.76 1921 Estonia 7.86 7.68 2022 Spain 7.83 7.44 2223 Israel 7.68 6.99 2924 United Arab Emirates 7.54 7.25 2425 South Korea 7.53 7.13 2526 Czech Republic 7.51 6.84 31

Slovakia 7.51 7.02 2828 Japan 7.48 7.01 2829 Qatar 7.42 6.90 3030 Portugal 7.41 6.70 3531 Malaysia 7.40 7.29 2332 Bahrain 7.39 6.70 34

Slovenia 7.39 7.08 2634 Hungary 7.25 6.79 3235 Poland 7.16 6.68 3736 Latvia 7.12 6.61 3837 Cyprus 7.03 6.68 3638 Lithuania 7.02 6.60 4039 Italy 6.99 6.44 4240 Mexico 6.96 6.60 3941 South Africa 6.93 6.21 4642 Thailand 6.84 6.72 3343 Brazil 6.83 6.40 4344 Greece 6.82 6.31 4445 Bulgaria 6.76 5.89 5050 Romania 6.75 5.89 49

THE BUSINESS WORLD 61

Note: Scores reflect the opportunities for, and hindrances to, the conduct of business,measured by countries’ rankings in ten categories including market potential, tax andlabour-market policies, infrastructure, skills and the political environment. Scoresreflect average and forecast average over given date range.

The business environment

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Business creativity and research

62 WORLD RANKINGS

Innovation indexa

1 United States 6.512 Taiwan 6.323 Japan 5.864 Finland 5.855 Sweden 5.576 South Korea 5.197 Israel 4.968 Switzerland 4.789 Denmark 4.62

10 Norway 4.5511 Germany 4.5312 Canada 4.35

13 Iceland 4.3214 Australia 4.2015 Netherlands 4.1216 Singapore 4.1017 Belgium 4.0818 United Kingdom 4.0719 France 3.8220 Austria 3.81

Ireland 3.8122 New Zealand 3.7623 Slovenia 3.6924 Greece 3.63

Information and communications technology indexb

Brain drainc

Highest Lowest

1 Sweden 5.892 Iceland 5.873 Denmark 5.694 Netherlands 5.635 United States 5.596 Luxembourg 5.547 Australia 5.488 Finland 5.479 Switzerland 5.29

10 Hong Kong 5.24Taiwan 5.24

12 Norway 5.18

13 Singapore 5.17South Korea 5.17

15 United Kingdom 5.1416 Austria 5.1117 Canada 5.0818 Israel 4.9819 Japan 4.8920 New Zealand 4.6521 Estonia 4.64

Germany 4.6423 Malta 4.5624 France 4.43

a The innovation index is a measure of the adoption of new technology, and theinteraction between business and the scientific sector. It includes measures of thenumber of patents granted and higher education enrolment rates.

b The information and communications technology (ICT) index is a measure of ICTusage and includes per capita measures of telephone lines, internet usage, personalcomputers and mobile phone users.

c Talented people: 1=normally leave for other countries, 7=almost always remain inhome country.

1 Guyana 0.52 Lesotho 1.63 Zimbabwe 1.74 Zambia 1.95 Bulgaria 2.06 Albania 2.1

Ethiopia 2.1Kenya 2.1Kyrgyzstan 2.1Moldova 2.1Nepal 2.1Philippines 2.1Romania 2.1Serbia 2.1

15 Bosnia 2.2

1 United States 6.12 Japan 5.7

Qatar 5.74 Norway 5.65 Ireland 5.5

United Arab Emirates 5.57 Finland 5.4

Iceland 5.4Kuwait 5.4

10 Chile 5.311 Switzerland 5.212 Netherlands 5.0

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

BUSINESS CREATIVITY AND RESEARCH 63

Total expenditure on R&D% of GDP, 2004

1 Israel 4.552 Sweden 3.953 Finland 3.484 Japan 3.205 Iceland 2.876 United States 2.667 South Korea 2.638 Denmark 2.619 Switzerland 2.57

10 Germany 2.4911 Taiwan 2.4212 Austria 2.2613 Singapore 2.2414 France 2.1615 Canada 1.9016 United Kingdom 1.8817 Belgium 1.8518 Luxembourg 1.7819 Norway 1.7520 Netherlands 1.7221 Australia 1.6922 Slovenia 1.4723 Czech Republic 1.2724 Croatia 1.2525 China 1.23

26 New Zealand 1.2227 Ireland 1.1928 Russia 1.1729 Italy 1.1330 Spain 1.0531 Brazil 0.9332 Estonia 0.9133 Hungary 0.8834 India 0.8435 Jordan 0.8136 Portugal 0.7437 South Africa 0.7338 Hong Kong 0.6939 Turkey 0.6640 Chile 0.6541 Malaysia 0.6342 Greece 0.6243 Poland 0.5444 Slovakia 0.5345 Bulgaria 0.5046 Venezuela 0.4647 Argentina 0.4448 Mexico 0.3949 Romania 0.3950 Thailand 0.28

PatentsNo. of patents granted to residents No. of patents in forceTotal, average 2002–04 Per 100,000 people

1 Japan 109,8232 United States 84,9583 South Korea 31,9154 Taiwan 29,7735 Russia 18,2646 Germany 12,8047 France 9,0238 China 5,9139 United Kingdom 3,430

10 Italy 2,29811 Sweden 2,27612 Netherlands 1,88713 Spain 1,43214 Finland 1,15015 Canada 1,05716 Austria 1,02917 Poland 74218 Romania 70919 India 69520 Brazil 676

1 Luxembourg 5,8042 Switzerland 1,1523 Sweden 1,1444 Taiwan 1,0945 Singapore 9326 Japan 8657 Belgium 8518 Ireland 8319 United Kingdom 792

10 Netherlands 77611 Finland 71412 Denmark 70113 South Korea 68914 France 64415 United States 55616 Germany 49817 Australia 48118 Canada 45719 Portugal 34920 Slovenia 314

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Business costs and FDI

64 WORLD RANKINGS

Office rentsOccupation costa, $ per square metre, November 2006

1 London (West End), UK 2,2822 Tokyo (Inner Central),

Japan 1,5683 London (City), UK 1,5584 Tokyo (Outer Central),

Japan 1,4375 Hong Kong 1,2516 Moscow, Russia 1,1767 Mumbai, India 1,1428 Paris, France 1,1369 Dublin, Ireland 996

10 Dubai, UAE 93811 New Delhi, India 88112 Edinburgh, UK 845

Manchester, UK 84514 Paris La Défense, France 831

15 Leeds, UK 77416 Seoul, South Korea 76917 Birmingham, UK 75418 Glasgow, UK 73919 Bristol, UK 73420 Madrid, Spain 71421 Milan, Italy 68922 Aberdeen, UK 67923 Zurich, Switzerland 67024 New York, Midtown

Manhattan, US 66825 Stockholm, Sweden 63126 Jersey, UK 62327 Luxembourg City,

Luxembourg 61728 Geneva, Switzerland 614

Foreign direct investmentb

Inflow, $m Outflow, $m1 United Kingdom 164,5302 United States 99,4433 China 72,4064 France 63,5765 Netherlands 43,6306 Hong Kong 35,8977 Canada 33,8228 Germany 32,6639 Belgium 23,691

10 Spain 22,98711 Singapore 20,08312 Italy 19,97113 Mexico 18,05514 Brazil 15,06615 Russia 14,60016 Bermuda 13,61517 Sweden 13,38918 UAE 12,000

1 Netherlands 119,4542 France 115,6683 United Kingdom 101,0994 Japan 45,7815 Germany 45,6346 Switzerland 42,8587 Italy 39,6718 Spain 38,7729 Canada 34,083

10 Hong Kong 32,56011 Sweden 25,93812 Belgium 22,92513 Norway 14,46114 Russia 13,12615 Ireland 12,93816 China 11,30617 Denmark 9,32818 Austria 9,293

Employment costsPay, social security and other benefits, $ per hr. worked for a production worker

1 Denmark 39.292 Norway 39.153 Germany 33.504 Finland 33.145 Netherlands 32.096 Belgium 31.717 Switzerland 30.988 Austria 30.389 Sweden 29.96

10 United Kingdom 27.25

11 Canada 26.6712 Australia 25.8613 France 25.5814 United States 24.7115 Ireland 23.9916 Italy 21.8017 Japan 20.8818 Spain 18.5019 New Zealand 14.4520 Singapore 8.63

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

BUSINESS BURDENS AND CORRUPTION 65

Business burdens and corruption

1 Finland 9.6Iceland 9.6New Zealand 9.6

4 Denmark 9.55 Singapore 9.46 Sweden 9.27 Switzerland 9.18 Norway 8.89 Australia 8.7

Netherlands 8.711 Austria 8.6

Luxembourg 8.6United Kingdom 8.6

14 Canada 8.515 Hong Kong 8.316 Germany 8.0

1 Haiti 1.82 Guinea 1.9

Iraq 1.9Myanmar 1.9

5 Bangladesh 2.0Chad 2.0Congo-Kinshasa 2.0Sudan 2.0

9 Belarus 2.1Cambodia 2.1Equatorial Guinea 2.1Côte d’Ivoire 2.1Uzbekistan 2.1

Number of days taken to register a new company Highest Lowest

1 Suriname 6942 Guinea-Bissau 2333 Haiti 2034 Laos 1635 Congo 1556 Brazil 1527 Venezuela 1418 Equatorial Guinea 1369 Angola 124

10 Mozambique 11311 Botswana 10812 Indonesia 9713 Zimbabwe 9614 Namibia 9515 West Bank and Gaza 9316 Cambodia 86

1 Australia 22 Canada 33 Denmark 5

Iceland 5United States 5

6 Singapore 67 Puerto Rico 78 Afghanistan 8

France 8Jamaica 8Portugal 8

12 Turkey 913 Netherlands 1014 Hong Kong 11

Romania 11Tunisia 11

Business software piracy % of software that is pirated

Corruption perceptions indexc

2006, 10 = least corruptLowest Highest

1 Vietnam 90Zimbabwe 90

3 Indonesia 874 China 86

Pakistan 866 Kazakhstan 85

Ukraine 85

8 Cameroon 849 Algeria 83

Bolivia 83Paraguay 83Russia 83Zambia 83

a Total rent, taxes and operating expenses.b Investment in companies in a foreign country.c This index ranks countries based on how much corruption is perceived by business

people, academics and risk analysts to exist among politicians and public officials.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Exxon Mobil United States 339.92 Wal-Mart Stores United States 315.73 Royal Dutch Shell Group United Kingdom/Netherlands 306.74 BP United Kingdom 267.65 General Motors United States 192.66 Chevron United States 189.57 DaimlerChrysler United States 186.18 Toyota Motor Japan 185.89 Ford Motor United States 177.2

10 ConocoPhillips United States 166.711 General Electric United States 157.212 Total Fina Elf France 152.413 ING Group Netherlands 138.214 Citigroup United States 131.015 AXA France 129.816 Allianz Germany 121.417 Volkswagen Germany 118.418 Fortis Netherlands 112.419 Crédit Agricole Group France 110.820 American Intl. Group United States 108.921 Assicurazioni Generali Italy 101.422 Siemens Germany 100.123 Sinopec China 98.824 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Japan 94.925 Carrefour France 94.526 HSBC Holdings United Kingdom 93.527 Aviva United Kingdom 92.6

ENI Italy 92.629 IBM United States 91.130 McKesson United States 88.131 Honda Motor Japan 87.532 State Grid China 87.033 Hewlett-Packard United States 86.734 BNP Paribas France 85.735 PDVSA Venezuela 85.636 UBS Switzerland 84.737 Bank of America Corp United States 84.038 China National Petroleum China 83.6

Hitachi Japan 83.640 Pemex Mexico 83.441 Nissan Motor Japan 83.342 Berkshire Hathaway United States 81.743 Home Depot United States 81.544 Valero Energy United States 81.4

Notes: Industrial and service corporations. Figures refer to the year ended December31, 2005, except for Japanese companies, where figures refer to year ended March 31,2006. They include sales of consolidated subsidiaries but exclude excise taxes, thusdiffering, in some instances, from figures published by the companies themselves.

Largest businessesBy sales, $bn

Businesses and banks

66 WORLD RANKINGS

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

BUSINESSES AND BANKS 67

1 Citigroup United States 79,4072 HSBC Holdings United Kingdom 74,4033 Bank of America Corp United States 74,0274 JPMorgan Chase United States 72,4745 Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Japan 63,8986 Crédit Agricole Groupe France 60,5997 Royal Bank of Scotland United Kingdom 48,5858 Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Japan 39,5739 Mizuho Financial Group Japan 38,807

10 Santander Central Hispano Spain 38,37711 China Construction Bank China 35,64712 HBOS United Kingdom 35,58413 UniCredit Italy 34,03014 Barclays Bank United Kingdom 32,53315 ABN-AMRO Bank Netherlands 32,30216 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China China 31,67017 Bank of China China 31,34618 UBS Switzerland 30,39119 Wells Fargo & Co. United States 29,87320 Rabobank Group Netherlands 29,32621 Wachovia Corporation United States 28,65422 ING Bank Netherlands 27,61423 Deutsche Bank Germany 25,83224 BNP Paribas France 25,14625 Crédit Mutuel France 23,13026 Société Générale France 22,75027 Groupe Caisse d’Epargne France 22,40728 Credit Suisse Group Switzerland 20,04729 Lloyds TSB Group United Kingdom 19,76230 Washington Mutual United States 19,66131 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Spain 19,20432 Norinchukin Bank Japan 18,99633 Fortis Bank Belgium 18,51534 Banca Intesa Italy 17,80835 National Australia Bank Australia 17,34636 Groupe Banques Populaires France 17,26337 Royal Bank of Canada Canada 16,01638 Scotiabank Canada 15,37239 US Bancorp United States 15,14540 Commerzbank Germany 14,34641 Dexia Belgium 14,03142 MBNA Corporation United States 13,80443 Nordea Group Sweden 13,49344 Dresdner Bank Germany 13,12545 KBC Group Belgium 13,05346 Sanpaolo IMI Italy 12.903

Largest banksBy capital, $m

Notes: Capital (tier one) is essentially equity and reserves. Figures for Japanese banks refer to the year ended March 31, 2006. Figures for all othercountries refer to the year ended December 31, 2005.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Stockmarkets

68 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest market capitalisation$m, end 2006

1 United States 19,426 2 Japan 4,726 3 United Kingdom 3,794 4 France 2,429 5 China 2,426 6 Hong Kong 1,715 7 Canada 1,701 8 Germany 1,638 9 Spain 1,323

10 Switzerland 1,213 11 Australia 1,096 12 Russia 1,057 13 Italy 1,027 14 South Korea 835 15 India 819 16 Netherlands 780 17 South Africa 715 18 Brazil 711 19 Taiwan 655 20 Sweden 573 21 Belgium 396 22 Mexico 348 23 Saudi Arabia 327 24 Norway 281 25 Singapore 276 26 Finland 265

27 Malaysia 235 28 Denmark 231 29 Greece 208 30 Austria 191 31 Chile 175 32 Israel 173 33 Ireland 163 34 Turkey 162 35 Poland 149 36 Thailand 141 37 Indonesia 139

United Arab Emirates 139 39 Kuwait 129 40 Portugal 104 41 Egypt 93 42 Argentina 80

Luxembourg 80 44 Philippines 68 45 Qatar 62 46 Peru 60 47 Colombia 56 48 Czech Republic 49

Morocco 49 50 Pakistan 46 51 New Zealand 45 52 Kazakhstan 44

Highest growth in market capitalisation, $ terms% increase, 2001–06

1 Vietnama 5,8052 Kazakhstan 3,5293 Ukraine 3,0414 Amenia 2,9005 Uzbekistan 2,4546 United Arab Emirates 2,2997 Macedonia 2,2878 Kyrgyzstan 2,2259 Bulgaria 1,945

10 Romania 1,44411 Serbiab 1,39712 Russia 1,28713 Kenya 98414 Pakistan 82115 Croatia 77416 Iceland 76817 Lithuania 75018 Austria 68019 Georgia 65120 India 642

21 Malawia 58322 Lebanon 56623 Oman 52024 Ghana 51225 Nigeria 50726 Indonesia 50427 Sri Lanka 48328 Poland 47329 Kuwait 45630 Morocco 44331 Peru 43632 Slovenia 43533 Fiji 42634 Czech Republic 42135 South Africa 41236 Montenegroc 39437 Jordan 37138 Zambia 36739 China 36340 Saudi Arabia 347

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Highest growth in value traded$ terms, % increase, 2001–06

STOCKMARKETS 69

1 Serbia 133,9002 United Arab Emirates 77,8343 Barbados 10,2604 Vietnama 6,5885 Saudi Arabia 6,2136 Kazakhstan 5,1517 Lebanon 3,4708 Kenya 3,1509 Colombia 3,090

10 Ecuador 2,80011 Iceland 2,21212 Russia 2,14513 Bulgaria 2,05614 Jordan 2,04915 Romania 1,56416 Georgia 1,48317 Croatia 1,45818 West Bank and Gaza 1,32319 Morocco 1,28620 Côte d’Ivoire 1,23821 Papua New Guineab 1,15022 Egypt 1,118

23 Austria 99824 Pakistan 91625 Lithuania 89726 Czech Republic 88227 Montenegroa 86028 Oman 65129 Poland 64130 Bahrain 63131 El Salvador 63032 Nigeria 61833 Chile 58134 Norway 57135 Sri Lanka 55636 Hungary 54737 Mongolia 45038 Malta 44339 Ukraine 43140 Kyrgyzstan 42641 Indonesia 40542 Peru 40443 Kuwait 38844 South Africa 348

Highest growth in number of listed companies% increase, 2001–06

1 Serbia 15,7712 Macedonia 2,0503 Uzbekistan 1,8004 United Arab Emirates 5755 Vietnama 3646 Croatia 1957 Canada 1928 Slovenia 1639 Uganda 150

10 Spain 12911 Kazakhstan 11612 Kuwait 109

Taiwan 10914 Ukraine 9015 Montenegroa 6016 Zambia 5617 United Kingdom 5118 El Salvador 50

Tanzania 5020 Ghana 4521 Jordan 4122 West Bank and Gaza 3823 Hong Kong 36

Japan 36

Oman 3626 Thailand 3527 Australia 31

Russia 3129 Papua New Guinea 2930 Malaysia 2731 Netherlands 2632 China 24

Qatarc 2434 Bolivia 2135 South Korea 2036 Swaziland 2037 Singapore 1938 Trinidad & Tobago 1939 Morocco 1840 Bangladesh 17

Bahrain 17New Zealand 17Malta 17

44 Poland 1645 Nepal 1446 Botswana 13

Saudi Arabia 13Sweden 13

a 2003–06 b 2002–06 c 2004–06

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Transport: roads and cars

70 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 6,433,2722 India 3,383,3443 China 1,870,6614 Brazil 1,751,8685 Canada 1,408,9006 Japan 1,177,2787 France 951,2208 Australia 810,2009 Spain 666,292

10 Russia 537,28911 Italy 484,68812 Turkey 426,90613 Sweden 424,94714 Poland 423,99715 United Kingdom 387,67416 Indonesia 368,36017 South Africa 364,13118 Pakistan 258,34019 Bangladesh 239,22620 Mexico 235,670

21 Germany 231,42022 Argentina 231,37423 Vietnam 222,17924 Philippines 200,03725 Romania 198,81726 Nigeria 193,20027 Iran 179,38828 Ukraine 169,73929 Hungary 159,56830 Congo-Kinshasa 153,49731 Saudi Arabia 152,04432 Belgium 150,56733 Austria 133,90134 Czech Republic 127,67235 Netherlands 126,10036 Greece 114,93137 Colombia 112,98838 Algeria 108,30239 South Korea 100,27940 Malaysia 98,721

Longest road networksKm, 2004 or latest

Densest road networksKm of road per km2 land area, 2004 or latest

1 Macau 21.32 Malta 7.13 Bahrain 5.14 Singapore 5.05 Belgium 4.96 Barbados 3.77 Japan 3.18 Netherlands 3.09 Puerto Rico 2.8

10 Luxembourg 2.011 Jamaica 1.9

Slovenia 1.913 Hong Kong 1.814 Bangladesh 1.7

Denmark 1.7France 1.7Hungary 1.7Switzerland 1.7

19 Austria 1.6Czech Republic 1.6Italy 1.6

Trinidad & Tobago 1.6United Kingdom 1.6

24 Sri Lanka 1.525 Ireland 1.4

Poland 1.427 Cyprus 1.3

Estonia 1.3Spain 1.3

30 Lithuania 1.231 Latvia 1.1

Netherlands Antilles 1.133 India 1.0

Mauritius 1.0South Korea 1.0

36 Greece 0.9Portugal 0.9Slovakia 0.9Sweden 0.9

40 Israel 0.8Romania 0.8

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Qatar 283.62 Hong Kong 254.13 Germany 206.94 Macau 185.55 Kuwait 180.76 Singapore 178.87 South Korea 144.78 Malta 113.29 Brunei 112.7

10 Israel 112.411 Serbia 102.112 Mexico 92.813 Netherlands Antilles 84.714 Mauritius 79.415 United Kingdom 78.716 Bahrain 77.217 Jordan 77.018 Italy 72.719 Portugal 67.4

Malaysia 67.421 Japan 63.622 Bulgaria 63.423 Luxembourg 63.324 Barbados 63.125 Indonesia 62.4

26 Switzerland 58.027 Croatia 57.728 Netherlands 53.929 Guatemala 52.730 Tunisia 49.131 Russia 47.332 Greece 45.833 Ukraine 38.534 Cyprus 37.9

France 37.936 United States 36.937 Belgium 36.638 Austria 36.539 Spain 34.740 Finland 34.541 Poland 32.242 Slovakia 32.143 Denmark 31.744 Czech Republic 31.545 Honduras 30.746 New Zealand 30.647 Moldova 28.948 Morocco 28.649 Chile 27.1

Panama 27.1

TRANSPORT: ROADS AND CARS 71

Most crowded road networksNumber of vehicles per km of road network, 2004 or latest

Most used road networks‘000 vehicle-km per year per km of road network, 2004 or latest

1 Hong Kong 5,565.62 Singapore 4,049.63 Germany 2,761.64 Israel 2,242.25 Bahrain 1,528.06 South Korea 1,314.57 United Kingdom 1,272.88 Switzerland 831.59 Cyprus 783.5

10 Luxembourg 778.511 United States 738.612 Greece 690.313 Japan 664.014 Denmark 647.515 Finland 637.016 Croatia 635.917 Peru 633.618 Belgium 621.019 France 580.820 Ecuador 568.1

21 Norway 381.322 Mexico 381.223 Austria 357.124 Ireland 351.125 Romania 341.226 Spain 336.727 Poland 325.728 Guatemala 322.629 Ghana 320.6

Suriname 320.631 Egypt 310.632 Morocco 310.333 Slovenia 281.234 Slovakia 255.635 Australia 247.036 Tanzania 243.837 Pakistan 192.438 Cambodia 188.539 Sweden 173.340 India 168.3

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

72 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Luxembourg 6472 Iceland 6013 New Zealand 5924 Italy 5905 Canada 5616 Germany 5467 Australia 5248 Malta 5239 Switzerland 516

10 Austria 50311 France 49512 Portugal 47113 Belgium 46814 United States 46515 Sweden 45716 Slovenia 45617 United Kingdom 45118 Finland 44619 Spain 44520 Japan 44121 Netherlands 42922 Norway 42223 Cyprus 40624 Brunei 39725 Lithuania 383

26 Ireland 38227 Greece 36828 Denmark 36029 Czech Republic 35830 Estonia 349

Kuwait 34932 Barbados 34333 Qatar 33534 Bahrain 32535 Netherlands Antilles 32136 Bulgaria 31437 Croatia 30238 Latvia 29739 Poland 29440 Hungary 27441 Israel 23442 Malaysia 22543 Slovakia 22244 South Korea 21845 Serbia 18146 Belarus 17447 Suriname 17148 Romania 14949 Costa Rica 14650 Mexico 142

Highest car ownershipNumber of cars per 1,000 population, 2004 or latest

Lowest car ownershipNumber of cars per 1,000 population, 2004 or latest

1 Ethiopia 1Rwanda 1

3 Sierra Leone 24 Gambia, The 55 Cameroon 8

Guinea 8India 8

8 Kenya 99 China 10

Pakistan 10Philippines 10

12 Bhutan 12Syria 12

14 Sri Lanka 1315 Bolivia 1516 Nigeria 1717 Nicaragua 1818 Cambodia 2519 Mongolia 2620 Peru 30

21 Ecuador 3222 Kyrgyzstan 3923 Swaziland 4024 Botswana 42

Namibia 4226 Colombia 4427 Zimbabwe 4528 Morocco 4729 Albania 4830 Honduras 5231 Azerbaijan 53

Guatemala 53Hong Kong 53

34 Georgia 5635 Moldova 6536 Jordan 7137 Panama 7338 Turkey 7539 Kazakhstan 8040 Tunisia 83

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/27/07 4:51 PM

1 Qatar 9,9892 Kuwait 2,2313 Mauritius 1,5804 Saudi Arabia 1,3055 Costa Rica 1,2316 Malaysia 1,2227 Panama 1,2128 Botswana 1,0259 Jordan 1,023

10 Suriname 91311 Barbados 76912 Japan 74513 Brunei 73414 United States 64715 Slovenia 63716 Austria 52217 Swaziland 50118 Canada 47319 Belgium 46720 South Korea 45921 Namibia 44022 Germany 41123 Oman 40624 Italy 39025 Portugal 387

26 Croatia 38627 United Kingdom 34628 Switzerland 31029 Malta 29830 Sri Lanka 29031 Chile 28732 Iceland 27733 Mongolia 27534 Peru 27135 Israel 26136 Czech Republic 26037 New Zealand 25538 Cyprus 25239 Nicaragua 24540 Bahrain 23741 Bolivia 23042 Latvia 220

Spain 22044 Hong Kong 21845 Lesotho 21546 Hungary 20747 Sweden 20148 Lithuania 18549 United Arab Emirates 18350 Norway 178

TRANSPORT: ROADS AND CARS 73

Most injured in road accidentsNumber of people injured per 100,000 population, 2004 or latest

Most deaths in road accidentsNumber of people killed per 100,000 population, 2004 or latest

1 Botswana 302 South Africa 283 Malaysia 254 Russia 24

Swaziland 246 Gabon 23

Oman 23Thailand 23

9 Latvia 22Lithuania 22United Arab Emirates 22

12 Kazakhstan 21Qatar 21Saudi Arabia 21

15 Kyrgyzstan 1816 Belarus 17

Colombia 17Mongolia 17

Namibia 1720 Kuwait 16

Lesotho 1622 Greece 15

Jordan 15Poland 15Suriname 15Tunisia 15Ukraine 15United States 15

29 Croatia 14Cyprus 14Czech Republic 14Jamaica 14Slovenia 14South Korea 14Vietnam 14

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Transport: planes and trains

74 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 1,238,9522 China 201,9483 United Kingdom 196,4884 Germany 152,9095 Japan 151,0806 France 115,1167 Australia 77,1128 Canada 70,9569 South Korea 69,276

10 Singapore 69,08411 Netherlands 68,31612 Hong Kong 66,16813 Spain 66,08414 United Arab Emirates59,29215 Italy 56,650

16 Russia 48,82817 Brazil 48,77918 Malaysia 47,30419 Thailand 41,57020 India 34,09221 South Africa 33,10322 Belgium 32,65023 Saudi Arabia 30,18324 Switzerland 28,48825 Mexico 27,86426 New Zealand 24,94227 Ireland 20,79628 Turkey 20,32829 Indonesia 19,91730 Austria 18,828

Most air travelMillion passenger-kma per year

Busiest airportsTotal passengers, m Total cargo, m tonnes

Average daily aircraft movements, take-offs and landings

a Air passenger–km data refer to the distance travelled by each aircraft of nationalorigin.

1 Atlanta, Hartsfield 84.82 Chicago, O’Hare 76.23 London, Heathrow 67.54 Tokyo, Haneda 65.25 Los Angeles, Intl. 61.06 Dallas, Ft. Worth 60.17 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 56.88 Frankfurt, Main 52.89 Beijing, Capital 48.5

10 Denver, Intl. 47.311 Las Vegas, McCarran Intl. 46.212 Amsterdam, Schipol 46.1

1 Memphis, Intl. 3.692 Hong Kong, Intl. 3.613 Anchorage, Intl. 2.804 Seoul, Inchon 2.345 Tokyo, Narita 2.286 Shanghai, Pudong Intl. 2.167 Frankfurt, Main 2.138 Louisville, Standiford Fd. 1.989 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 1.95

10 Singapore, Changi 1.9311 Los Angeles, Intl. 1.9112 Miami, Intl. 1.83

1 Atlanta, Hartsfield 2,6752 Chicago, O’Hare 2,6263 Dallas, Ft. Worth 1,9194 Los Angeles, Intl. 1,8005 Las Vegas, McCarran

Intl. 1,6976 Houston, George Bush

Intercont. 1,6517 Denver, Intl. 1,6368 Phoenix, Skyharbor

Intl. 1,4839 Philadelphia, Intl. 1,413

10 Minneapolis, St Paul 1,303

11 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 1,484

12 Detroit, Metro 1,32013 Charlotte/Douglas,

Intl. 1,39614 Toronto, Pearson Intl. 1,14615 Madrid 1,19216 Frankfurt, Main 1,34117 London, Heathrow 1,30718 Salt Lake City 1,15219 Newark 1,21720 Amsterdam, Schipol 1,206

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 United States 229.02 Russia 85.53 India 63.54 China 62.25 Canada 57.76 Argentina 35.87 Germany 34.28 Brazil 29.3

France 29.310 Mexico 26.711 Ukraine 22.012 Japan 20.113 South Africa 20.014 Poland 19.615 Italy 16.716 United Kingdom 16.217 Spain 14.518 Kazakhstan 14.219 Romania 10.820 Sweden 9.921 Australia 9.5

Czech Republic 9.523 Turkey 8.724 Hungary 8.025 Chile 7.926 Pakistan 7.827 Iran 7.128 Austria 5.829 Finland 5.730 Belarus 5.5

Sudan 5.532 Egypt 5.233 Bulgaria 4.234 Norway 4.1

Serbia 4.136 Uzbekistan 4.037 Slovakia 3.738 Algeria 3.6

Congo-Brazzaville 3.640 Belgium 3.5

Nigeria 3.5

TRANSPORT: PLANES AND TRAINS 75

Longest railway networks‘000 km

Most rail passengersKm per person per year

Most rail freightMillion tonnes-km per year

1 Switzerland 2,0402 Japan 1,9223 Belarus 1,3574 France 1,2845 Russia 1,1496 Ukraine 1,1207 Denmark 1,0928 Austria 1,0739 Netherlands 921

10 Germany 87411 Belgium 83212 Kazakhstan 80913 Italy 80314 United Kingdom 73415 Hungary 71416 Finland 69617 Czech Republic 663

1 United States 2,717,5132 China 1,934,6123 Russia 1,801,6014 India 407,3985 Canada 338,6616 Ukraine 223,9807 Brazil 221,6008 Kazakhstan 171,8559 South Africa 108,513

10 Germany 88,02211 Mexico 54,38712 Australia 46,16413 Poland 46,06014 Belarus 43,55915 France 41,89816 Japan 22,63217 United Kingdom 22,110

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Transport: shipping

76 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Japan 3,0912 Greece 3,0273 China 2,8934 Germany 2,7865 Russia 2,1576 United States 1,6797 Norway 1,6658 South Korea 9939 Turkey 801

10 United Kingdom 779

11 Singapore 75412 Denmark 74413 Netherlands 72214 Indonesia 71115 Italy 70216 Hong Kong 66317 Taiwan 55318 India 40619 Switzerland 37220 Canada 356

Merchant fleetsNumber of vessels, by country of domicle

1 Greece 163.42 Japan 131.73 Germany 71.54 China 65.55 United States 46.96 Norway 45.47 Hong Kong 43.88 South Korea 29.79 Taiwan 24.4

10 Singapore 23.0

11 United Kingdom 21.312 Denmark 19.613 Russia 16.714 Italy 14.515 India 13.816 Switzerland 11.817 Belgium 11.618 Saudi Arabia 11.419 Turkey 10.320 Iran 9.8

By country of domicile, deadweight tonnage, m

1 United States 12.52 Germany 8.33 China 6.74 Japan 5.35 France 4.56 United Kingdom 4.27 Netherlands 3.68 Italy 3.59 Canada 3.2

10 Belgium 3.111 Hong Kong 2.812 South Korea 2.613 Spain 2.2

14 Mexico 2.115 Singapore 2.016 Russia 1.8

Taiwan 1.818 Austria 1.2

Malaysia 1.2Switzerland 1.2

21 Australia 1.1Sweden 1.1Thailand 1.1

24 India 1.025 Brazil 0.9

Maritime trading% of value of world trade generated

1 Japan 14.12 United States 10.13 Hong Kong 7.94 Germany 7.55 China 7.16 Singapore 5.97 United Kingdom 3.98 South Korea 3.39 Taiwan 2.5

10 Russia 1.9

11 Italy 1.712 India 1.513 Belgium 1.314 Malaysia 1.2

Netherlands 1.2Switzerland 1.2

17 France 1.018 Canada 0.7

Sweden 0.720 Brazil 0.6

% of world fleet deadweight tonnage, by country of ownership

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 France 76,0012 Spain 55,5773 United States 46,0854 China 41,7615 Italy 36,5136 United Kingdom 29,9707 Germany 21,5008 Mexico 20,6179 Turkey 20,273

10 Austria 19,95211 Russia 19,94012 Canada 19,15213 Malaysia 15,70314 Poland 15,20015 Greece 14,27616 Hong Kong 13,65517 Thailand 11,73718 Portugal 11,61719 Hungary 10,04820 Netherlands 10,012

21 Saudi Arabia 9,10022 Croatia 8,46723 Macau 8,32424 Egypt 8,24425 South Africa 7,51826 Ireland 7,33327 Switzerland 7,22928 Belgium 6,74729 Tunisia 6,37830 Czech Republic 6,33631 Japan 6,13832 Morocco 5,84333 South Korea 5,81834 Indonesia 5,32135 Bulgaria 4,83736 Brazil 4,79437 Australia 4,77438 Denmark 4,56239 Norway 3,85940 Puerto Rico 3,541

TOURISM 77

Tourism

Most tourist arrivalsNumber of arrivals, ‘000

Biggest tourist spenders$m

Largest tourist receipts$m

1 Germany 78,5302 United States 66,7333 United Kingdom 61,0704 Japan 40,5875 France 30,5276 Italy 21,9817 China 21,1358 Netherlands 17,9289 Russia 16,923

10 Canada 16,584

11 Belgium 14,25012 South Korea 12,63813 Spain 12,54514 Austria 12,13615 Hong Kong 11,44616 Sweden 10,56817 Australia 10,16618 Switzerland 9,28519 Norway 9,08120 Taiwan 8,764

1 United States 81,6802 Spain 47,8913 France 42,2764 Italy 35,3985 United Kingdom 30,6696 China 29,2967 Germany 29,2048 Turkey 18,1529 Australia 16,866

10 Austria 15,467

11 Greece 13,73112 Canada 13,58413 Japan 12,43914 Mexico 11,80315 Switzerland 11,04016 Netherlands 10,47517 Hong Kong 10,28618 Thailand 10,10819 Belgium 9,86320 Malaysia 8,543

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Education

78 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Sierra Leone 1552 Brazil 1413 Madagascar 1384 Cambodia 1345 Lesotho 1326 Gabon 1307 Netherlands Antilles 1268 Belize 124

Syria 12410 Russia 12311 Malawi 12212 Rwanda 120

Suriname 12014 Argentina 119

15 China 118Mongolia 118Uganda 118

18 Cameroon 117Ecuador 117Indonesia 117

21 India 116Laos 116Portugal 116

24 Aruba 114Equatorial Guinea 114Guatemala 114Kenya 114Peru 114

Highest primary enrolmentNumber enrolled as % of relevant age group

Lowest primary enrolmentNumber enrolled as % of relevant age group

Notes: Latest available year 2000–04. The gross enrolment ratios shown are the actualnumber enrolled as a percentage of the number of children in the official primary agegroup. They may exceed 100 when children outside the primary age group are receivingprimary education.

Highest tertiary enrolmenta

Number enrolled as % of relevant age group1 Finland 90

South Korea 903 New Zealand 864 Sweden 845 United States 826 Norway 807 Greece 798 Denmark 74

Latvia 74Slovenia 74

11 Lithuania 7312 Australia 72

13 Ukraine 6914 Iceland 68

Russia 6816 Spain 6617 Estonia 6518 Argentina 6419 Belgium 63

Italy 6321 Belarus 6222 Cuba 61

Macau 61Poland 61

1 Somalia 172 Niger 473 Central African Rep 564 Burkina Faso 585 Sudan 606 Congo-Brazzaville 627 Eritrea 648 Mali 669 Côte d’Ivoire 72

10 Papua New Guinea 7511 Chad 7712 Gambia, The 81

Guinea 8114 United Arab Emirates 83

15 Oman 8416 Burundi 8517 Afghanistan 87

Andorra 87Pakistan 87Yemen 87

21 Congo 88Ghana 88Senegal 88

24 West Bank and Gaza 8925 Cayman Islands 9026 Saudi Arabia 9127 Moldova 92

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Mali 19.02 Burkina Faso 21.83 Chad 25.74 Afghanistan 28.15 Niger 28.76 Guinea 29.57 Bermuda 34.78 Sierra Leone 35.19 Senegal 39.3

10 Central African Rep 48.6Nepal 48.6

12 Côte d’Ivoire 48.713 Pakistan 49.914 Mauritania 51.215 Morocco 52.316 Togo 53.2

17 Papua New Guinea 57.318 Ghana 57.919 Burundi 59.320 Bhutan 59.521 Sudan 60.922 India 61.023 Malawi 64.124 Rwanda 64.925 Uganda 66.826 Congo-Brazzaville 67.227 Angola 67.428 Cameroon 67.929 Zambia 68.030 Laos 68.731 Guatemala 69.132 Tanzania 69.4

EDUCATION 79

Least literate% adult literacy rate

Highest education spending% of GDP

Lowest education spending% of GDP

1 Cuba 9.82 Yemen 9.63 Lesotho 9.04 Denmark 8.45 Iceland 8.1

Tunisia 8.17 Malaysia 8.08 Norway 7.79 Sweden 7.5

10 Cyprus 7.411 Israel 7.3

12 Barbados 6.9Namibia 6.9

14 New Zealand 6.8Saudi Arabia 6.8

16 Kenya 6.7Morocco 6.7

18 Finland 6.519 Bolivia 6.4

Fiji 6.4Ukraine 6.4

1 Equatorial Guinea 0.62 Indonesia 0.93 Myanmar 1.3

United Arab Emirates 1.35 Qatar 1.66 Cameroon 1.8

Dominican Republic 1.88 Bermuda 1.9

Cambodia 1.910 Gambia, The 2.0

Guinea 2.0

Zambia 2.013 Chad 2.114 Botswana 2.2

Congo 2.2Uruguay 2.2

17 Kazakhstan 2.3Laos 2.3Macau 2.3Mauritania 2.3Niger 2.3Pakistan 2.3

a Tertiary education includes all levels of post-secondary education including coursesleading to awards not equivalent to a university degree, courses leading to a firstuniversity degree and postgraduate courses.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Life expectancy

80 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Highest male life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Highest female life expectancyYears, 2005–10

1 Andorraa 83.52 Japan 82.63 Hong Kong 82.24 Iceland 81.85 Switzerland 81.76 Australia 81.27 Spain 80.9

Sweden 80.99 Canada 80.7

France 80.7Israel 80.7Macau 80.7

13 Italy 80.514 New Zealand 80.2

Norway 80.216 Cayman Islandsa 80.117 Singapore 80.018 Austria 79.8

Netherlands 79.820 Greece 79.5

Martinique 79.522 Belgium 79.4

Faroe Islandsa 79.4Germany 79.4

Malta 79.4United Kingdom 79.4Virgin Islands (US) 79.4

28 Finland 79.329 Guadeloupe 79.230 Channel Islands 79.0

Cyprus 79.032 Ireland 78.933 Costa Rica 78.834 Luxembourg 78.7

Puerto Rico 78.7United Arab Emirates 78.7

37 Chile 78.6South Korea 78.6

39 Cuba 78.3Denmark 78.3

41 United States 78.242 Portugal 78.143 Bermudaa 78.044 Slovenia 77.945 Kuwait 77.646 Taiwana 77.447 Barbados 77.348 Brunei 77.1

a 2006 estimate.

1 Andorraa 80.62 Iceland 80.23 Hong Kong 79.44 Japan 79.0

Switzerland 79.06 Australia 78.97 Sweden 78.78 Israel 78.69 Macau 78.5

10 Canada 78.311 New Zealand 78.212 Singapore 78.013 Norway 77.814 Spain 77.715 Cayman Islandsa 77.5

Italy 77.5Netherlands 77.5

18 Malta 77.3

1 Andorraa 86.62 Japan 86.13 Hong Kong 85.14 Spain 84.2

Switzerland 84.26 France 84.17 Australia 83.68 Italy 83.59 Iceland 83.3

Virgin Islands (US) 83.311 Sweden 83.012 Canada 82.913 Faroe Islandsa 82.8

Israel 82.8Macau 82.8

16 Cayman Islandsa 82.7Puerto Rico 82.7

18 Austria 82.6

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Swaziland 39.62 Mozambique 42.13 Zambia 42.44 Lesotho 42.6

Sierra Leone 42.66 Angola 42.77 Zimbabwe 43.58 Afghanistan 43.89 Central African Rep 44.7

10 Liberia 45.711 Rwanda 46.212 Guinea-Bissau 46.413 Congo-Kinshasa 46.514 Nigeria 46.915 Somalia 48.216 Côte d’Ivoire 48.3

Malawi 48.318 South Africa 49.319 Burundi 49.620 Cameroon 50.421 Botswana 50.7

Chad 50.723 Uganda 51.524 Equatorial Guinea 51.625 Burkina Faso 52.3

26 Tanzania 52.527 Ethiopia 52.9

Namibia 52.929 Kenya 54.130 Mali 54.531 Congo-Brazzaville 55.332 Guinea 56.033 Benin 56.7

Gabon 56.735 Niger 56.936 Papua New Guinea 57.237 Eritrea 58.038 Togo 58.439 Sudan 58.640 Gambia, The 59.4

Madagascar 59.442 Iraq 59.543 Cambodia 59.744 Ghana 60.045 Haiti 60.946 Myanmar 62.147 Yemen 62.748 Senegal 63.149 Turkmenistan 63.250 Nepal 63.8

Lowest life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Lowest male life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Lowest female life expectancyYears, 2005–10

LIFE EXPECTANCY 81

1 Swaziland 39.82 Sierra Leone 41.03 Angola 41.24 Mozambique 41.75 Zambia 42.16 Lesotho 42.97 Central African Rep 43.38 Afghanistan 43.99 Zimbabwe 44.1

10 Rwanda 44.6

11 Liberia 44.812 Guinea-Bissau 44.913 Congo-Kinshasa 45.214 Nigeria 46.415 Somalia 46.916 Côte d’Ivoire 47.517 Burundi 48.1

Malawi 48.119 South Africa 48.820 Chad 49.3

1 Swaziland 39.42 Lesotho 42.33 Mozambique 42.44 Zambia 42.55 Zimbabwe 42.76 Afghanistan 43.87 Sierra Leone 44.28 Angola 44.39 Central African Rep 46.1

10 Liberia 46.611 Nigeria 47.312 Congo-Kinshasa 47.713 Rwanda 47.814 Guinea-Bissau 47.915 Malawi 48.416 Côte d’Ivoire 49.317 Somalia 49.418 South Africa 49.7

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Death rates and infant mortality

82 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest death ratesNumber of deaths per 1,000 population, 2005–10

1 Sierra Leone 22.12 Swaziland 21.23 Angola 20.54 Afghanistan 19.95 Mozambique 19.86 Lesotho 19.27 Zambia 18.88 Guinea-Bissau 18.49 Liberia 18.3

10 Central African Rep 18.1Congo-Kinshasa 18.1

12 Zimbabwe 17.913 Rwanda 17.214 South Africa 17.015 Nigeria 16.816 Somalia 16.617 Ukraine 16.418 Russia 16.219 Burundi 15.620 Chad 15.4

Côte d’Ivoire 15.422 Bulgaria 14.8

Equatorial Guinea 14.8Malawi 14.8

25 Belarus 14.7Mali 14.7

27 Burkina Faso 14.4Cameroon 14.4

29 Estonia 14.330 Botswana 14.131 Niger 13.832 Latvia 13.633 Uganda 13.434 Hungary 13.235 Ethiopia 13.036 Tanzania 12.937 Moldova 12.538 Namibia 12.4

Romania 12.440 Lithuania 12.341 Croatia 12.142 Guinea 11.943 Georgia 11.8

Kenya 11.845 Gabon 11.746 Serbia 11.647 Congo-Brazzaville 11.448 Benin 11.2

49 Czech Republic 10.950 Germany 10.751 Portugal 10.652 Italy 10.553 Gambia, The 10.454 Denmark 10.355 Kazakhstan 10.1

Sudan 10.1Sweden 10.1Togo 10.1

59 Belgium 10.0Poland 10.0Slovakia 10.0

62 Greece 9.9North Korea 9.9Slovenia 9.9United Kingdom 9.9

66 Finland 9.7Madagascar 9.7Myanmar 9.7

69 Armenia 9.6Papua New Guinea 9.6

71 Bosnia 9.5Channel Islands 9.5

73 Austria 9.474 Ghana 9.375 Eritrea 9.2

Haiti 9.2Macedonia 9.2Uruguay 9.2

79 Iraq 9.1Norway 9.1

81 Cambodia 9.0Japan 9.0Senegal 9.0

84 France 8.985 Spain 8.886 Faroe Islands a 8.7

Luxembourg 8.788 Netherlands 8.689 Thailand 8.590 India 8.2

Turkmenistan 8.2United States 8.2

93 Kyrgyzstan 8.1Switzerland 8.1Trinidad & Tobago 8.1

96 Malta 8.0

Note: Both death and, in particular, infant mortality rates can be underestimated incertain countries where not all deaths are officially recorded. a 2006 estimate.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

a 2006 estimate.

1 United Arab Emirates 1.42 Kuwait 1.93 Qatar 2.44 Oman 2.75 Brunei 2.86 Bahrain 3.27 Syria 3.48 Saudi Arabia 3.7

West Bank and Gaza 3.710 Belize 3.811 Jordan 3.912 Costa Rica 4.1

Libya 4.114 Malaysia 4.515 Macau 4.7

Nicaragua 4.717 Mexico 4.8

Philippines 4.819 Algeria 4.9

Cayman Islandsa 4.921 Panama 5.022 Ecuador 5.1

Venezuela 5.1Vietnam 5.1

25 French Polynesia 5.2

1 Iceland 2.92 Singapore 3.03 Japan 3.2

Sweden 3.25 Norway 3.36 Finland 3.7

Hong Kong 3.78 Czech Republic 3.89 Andorraa 4.0

10 South Korea 4.1Switzerland 4.1

12 Belgium 4.2France 4.2Spain 4.2

15 Germany 4.316 Australia 4.4

Austria 4.4Denmark 4.4

19 Luxembourg 4.520 Israel 4.7

Netherlands 4.722 Canada 4.8

Slovenia 4.8United Kingdom 4.8

25 Ireland 4.9

1 Sierra Leone 160.32 Afghanistan 157.03 Liberia 132.54 Angola 131.95 Mali 128.56 Chad 119.27 Côte d’Ivoire 116.98 Somalia 116.39 Congo-Kinshasa 113.5

10 Guinea-Bissau 112.711 Rwanda 112.412 Niger 110.813 Nigeria 109.514 Burkina Faso 104.415 Guinea 102.516 Burundi 99.417 Benin 98.018 Central African Rep 96.819 Mozambique 95.920 Zambia 92.7

21 Equatorial Guinea 92.322 Malawi 89.423 Togo 88.624 Cameroon 87.525 Ethiopia 86.926 Iraq 81.527 Uganda 76.928 Turkmenistan 74.729 Gambia, The 74.230 Tanzania 72.631 Azerbaijan 72.332 Swaziland 71.033 Congo-Brazzaville 70.334 Pakistan 67.535 Myanmar 66.036 Senegal 65.737 Madagascar 65.538 Sudan 64.939 Lesotho 64.640 Kenya 64.4

Highest infant mortalityNumber of deaths per 1,000 live births, 2005–10

Lowest death ratesNo. deaths per 1,000 pop.,2005–10

Lowest infant mortalityNo. deaths per 1,000 live births,2005–10

DEATH RATES AND INFANT MORTALITY 83

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Diabetes% of population aged 20–79,2007

Cardiovascular diseaseDeaths per 100,000 population,age standardised, 2002

1 Mongolia 3062 Bolivia 2563 Hungary 2014 Sierra Leone 1815 Poland 1806 Angola 1797 Czech Republic 1778 Peru 1759 Slovakia 170

Uruguay 17011 Liberia 169

Niger 169South Korea 169

14 Croatia 167Denmark 167Kazakhstan 167

17 Mali 16618 Burkina Faso 162

Swaziland 16220 Congo-Kinshasa 161

Lithuania 16122 Côte d’Ivoire 160

Slovenia 160

1 Swaziland 1,262 2 Namibia 6973 Lesotho 6964 Botswana 6545 Kenya 6416 Zimbabwe 6017 South Africa 600

Zambia 6009 Cambodia 506

10 Sierra Leone 47511 Mozambique 44712 Malawi 40913 Côte d’Ivoire 38214 Togo 37315 Uganda 36916 Congo-Brazzaville 36717 Rwanda 36118 Congo-Kinshasa 35619 Ethiopia 34420 Tanzania 34221 Burundi 33422 Central African Rep 31423 Gabon 308

Death and disease

84 WORLD RANKINGS

Cancer TuberculosisDeaths per 100,000 population, Incidence per 100,000 population, age standardised, 2000 2005

1 United Arab Emirates 19.52 Saudi Arabia 16.73 Kuwait 14.44 Oman 13.15 Trinidad & Tobago 11.56 Mauritius 11.17 Egypt 11.08 Malaysia 10.7

Puerto Rico 10.710 Mexico 10.6

Syria 10.612 Jamaica 10.313 Nicaragua 10.1

Singapore 10.115 Iraq 10.016 Jordan 9.817 Afghanistan 9.7

Panama 9.719 Pakistan 9.6

1 Turkmenistan 8442 Tajikistan 7533 Kazakhstan 7134 Afghanistan 7065 Russia 6886 Uzbekistan 6637 Ukraine 6378 Moldova 6199 Azerbaijan 613

10 Kyrgyzstan 60211 Belarus 59212 Georgia 58413 Somalia 58014 Albania 57315 Egypt 56016 Bulgaria 55417 Yemen 55318 Turkey 54219 Sierra Leone 515

Note: Statistics are not available for all countries. The number of cases diagnosed andreported depends on the quality of medical practice and administration and can beunder-reported in a number of countries.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Swaziland 1,4552 Zimbabwe 1,3953 Lesotho 1,2784 Botswana 1,0005 Zambia 8996 Namibia 8507 Mozambique 7298 South Africa 7089 Malawi 634

10 Central African Rep 61511 Kenya 43212 Côte d’Ivoire 38513 Tanzania 37114 Uganda 34115 Gabon 33616 Congo-Brazzaville 28917 Cameroon 28218 Rwanda 24719 Angola 21320 Equatorial Guinea 19721 Belize 19222 Haiti 19023 Barbados 18524 Burundi 183

1 Swaziland 33.42 Botswana 24.13 Lesotho 23.24 Zimbabwe 20.15 Namibia 19.66 South Africa 18.87 Zambia 17.08 Mozambique 16.19 Malawi 14.1

10 Central African Rep 10.711 Gabon 7.912 Côte d’Ivoire 7.113 Uganda 6.714 Tanzania 6.515 Kenya 6.116 Cameroon 5.417 Congo-Brazzaville 5.318 Nigeria 3.919 Guinea-Bissau 3.8

Haiti 3.821 Angola 3.722 Chad 3.523 Bahamas 3.3

Burundi 3.3

DEATH AND DISEASE 85

Measles immunisationLowest % of children aged12–23 months, 2005

DPTa immunisationLowest % of children aged12–23 months, 2005

1 Chad 232 Central African Rep 35

Nigeria 35Somalia 35

5 Laos 416 Angola 457 Côte d’Ivoire 518 Haiti 549 Gabon 55

10 Congo-Brazzaville 5611 India 5812 Ethiopia 59

Guinea 59Madagascar 59

15 Papua New Guinea 60Sudan 60Swaziland 60

18 Mauritania 6119 Afghanistan 64

Bolivia 64

1 Chad 202 Nigeria 253 Somalia 354 Gabon 385 Central African Rep 406 Haiti 437 Angola 478 Laos 499 Côte d’Ivoire 56

10 Ethiopia 59India 59Sudan 59

13 Madagascar 61Papua New Guinea 61

15 Sierra Leone 6416 Congo-Brazzaville 6517 Guinea 6918 Indonesia 7019 Mauritania 71

Swaziland 71

HIV/AIDSPrevalence among populationaged 15–49, %, 2005

AIDSEstimated deaths per 100,000pop., 2005

a Diptheria, pertussis and tetanus

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Health

86 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest health spendingAs % of GDP

Lowest health spendingAs % of GDP

1 Equatorial Guinea 1.62 Angola 1.93 Myanmar 2.2

Pakistan 2.25 Qatar 2.46 Congo-Kinshasa 2.57 Indonesia 2.8

Kuwait 2.89 Mauritania 2.9

United Arab Emirates 2.911 Madagascar 3.0

Oman 3.013 Bangladesh 3.114 Brunei 3.2

Burundi 3.216 Saudi Arabia 3.3

Sierra Leone 3.318 Philippines 3.419 North Korea 3.5

Thailand 3.5Trinidad & Tobago 3.5

22 Algeria 3.6Azerbaijan 3.6Papua New Guinea 3.6

25 Singapore 3.726 Côte d’Ivoire 3.8

Kazakhstan 3.8Libya 3.8Malaysia 3.8

30 Laos 3.9

Highest pop. per doctor Lowest pop. per doctor1 Niger 56,2782 Malawi 52,3743 Tanzania 50,8344 Burundi 35,4345 Sierra Leone 35,4206 Mozambique 34,3627 Ethiopia 32,8078 Liberia 31,2699 Togo 30,725

10 Benin 30,57611 Chad 27,38512 Botswana 24,51313 Rwanda 21,26514 Eritrea 20,47115 Papua New Guinea 20,30016 Lesotho 19,94217 Burkina Faso 19,74318 Senegal 18,864

1 Cuba 1692 Georgia 2153 Belarus 2174 Belgium 2275 Greece 2306 Estonia 2317 Russia 236

Turkmenistan 2369 Italy 244

10 Lithuania 25311 Andorra 25612 Armenia 27113 Israel 27514 Kazakhstan 27815 Bulgaria 279

Uruguay 27917 Azerbaijan 281

Iceland 281

1 United States 15.42 West Bank and Gaza 13.03 Malawi 12.94 Lebanon 11.65 Switzerland 11.56 Germany 10.67 France 10.58 Austria 10.39 Serbia 10.1

10 Iceland 9.911 Canada 9.8

Jordan 9.8Portugal 9.8

14 Belgium 9.7Norway 9.7

16 Argentina 9.6Australia 9.6

18 Malta 9.2Netherlands 9.2

20 Sweden 9.121 Brazil 8.822 Israel 8.7

Italy 8.7Slovenia 8.7

25 Denmark 8.6South Africa 8.6

27 New Zealand 8.428 Bosnia 8.329 Nicaragua 8.2

Uruguay 8.2

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Japan 14.32 North Korea 13.23 Belarus 11.14 Russia 9.75 Ukraine 8.76 Czech Republic 8.4

Germany 8.48 Azerbaijan 8.29 Lithuania 8.1

10 Hungary 7.911 Kazakhstan 7.812 Austria 7.7

Latvia 7.714 France 7.5

Iceland 7.5Malta 7.5Mongolia 7.5

18 Australia 7.419 Barbados 7.320 Finland 7.021 Slovakia 6.9

22 Romania 6.6South Korea 6.6

24 Bulgaria 6.4Moldova 6.4

26 Israel 6.3Luxembourg 6.3

28 Tajikistan 6.229 New Zealand 6.030 Serbia 5.931 Estonia 5.832 Ireland 5.7

Switzerland 5.734 Croatia 5.535 Belgium 5.3

Poland 5.337 Uzbekistan 5.238 Kyrgyzstan 5.139 Netherlands 5.040 Cuba 4.9

Turkmenistan 4.9

Most hospital bedsBeds per 1,000 pop.

HEALTH 87

Child well-beingRankinga

Note: Data for these health rankings refer to the latest year available, 1999–2005.a Comparing 21 OECD countries. b Average of six measures.

Average Material Health/ Educational Family/rankb well-being safety well-being friends

relationships1 Netherlands 4.2 10 2 6 32 Sweden 5.0 1 1 5 153 Denmark 7.2 4 4 8 94 Finland 7.5 3 3 4 175 Spain 8.0 12 6 15 86 Switzerland 8.3 5 9 14 47 Norway 8.7 2 8 11 108 Italy 10.0 14 5 20 19 Ireland 10.2 19 19 7 7

10 Belgium 10.7 7 16 1 511 Germany 11.2 13 11 10 1312 Canada 11.8 6 13 2 1813 Greece 11.8 15 18 16 1114 Poland 12.3 21 15 3 1415 Czech Republic 12.5 11 10 9 1916 France 13.0 9 7 18 1217 Portugal 13.7 16 14 21 218 Austria 13.8 8 20 19 1619 Hungary 14.5 20 17 13 620 United States 18.0 17 21 12 2021 United Kingdom 18.2 18 12 17 21

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Marriage and divorce

88 WORLD RANKINGS

a Guernsey onlyNote: The data are based on latest available figures and hence will be affected by thepopulation age structure at the time. Marriage rates refer to registered marriages onlyand, therefore, reflect the customs surrounding registry and efficiency ofadministration.

1 Bermuda 13.82 Barbados 13.13 Aruba 12.1

Vietnam 12.15 Jordan 9.76 Iran 8.97 Mauritius 8.88 Algeria 8.79 Jamaica 8.3

10 Guam 8.211 United States 8.012 Azerbaijan 7.6

West Bank and Gaza 7.614 Taiwan 7.515 Belarus 7.3

Cyprus 7.3Indonesia 7.3Iraq 7.3

19 Denmark 7.120 Kazakhstan 7.0

Moldova 7.022 Macedonia 6.923 Kyrgyzstan 6.8

Philippines 6.8Russia 6.8Uzbekistan 6.8

27 Albania 6.7Egypt 6.7

29 Turkmenistan 6.630 Puerto Rico 6.5

South Korea 6.5Turkey 6.5

33 Singapore 6.334 Belize 6.1

Romania 6.136 Costa Rica 6.0

Hong Kong 6.0Malta 6.0Tajikistan 6.0Tunisia 6.0

41 China 5.9Malaysia 5.9Ukraine 5.9

44 Bahamas 5.8Lithuania 5.8Mongolia 5.8Trinidad & Tobago 5.8

48 Channel Islandsa 5.7Finland 5.7Serbia 5.7

51 Bosnia 5.6Greece 5.6Japan 5.6

54 Australia 5.555 Armenia 5.3

Israel 5.3Mexico 5.3Spain 5.3Switzerland 5.3

Highest marriage ratesNumber of marriages per 1,000 population, 2005 or latest available year

Lowest marriage ratesNumber of marriages per 1,000 population, 2005 or latest available year

1 Colombia 1.72 Dominican Republic 2.83 Venezuela 2.84 Andorra 2.9

Peru 2.96 United Arab Emirates 3.17 Argentina 3.2

Slovenia 3.29 Panama 3.3

10 Chile 3.4Georgia 3.4

12 Qatar 3.5

13 Martinique 3.614 El Salvador 3.8

Macau 3.8South Africa 3.8

17 Guadeloupe 3.9Netherlands Antilles 3.9Nicaragua 3.9

20 Bulgaria 4.0New Caledonia 4.0Portugal 4.0Suriname 4.0Uruguay 4.0

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Highest divorce ratesNumber of divorces per 1,000 population, 2005 or latest available year

MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 89

Lowest divorce ratesNumber of divorces per 1,000 population, 2005 or latest available year

a Guernsey only

1 Colombia 0.22 Libya 0.33 Bosnia 0.4

Georgia 0.4Mongolia 0.4Tajikistan 0.4

7 Chile 0.5Vietnam 0.5

9 Armenia 0.6El Salvador 0.6Mexico 0.6

Uzbekistan 0.613 Ireland 0.7

Jamaica 0.7Turkey 0.7

16 Azerbaijan 0.8Brazil 0.8Egypt 0.8Indonesia 0.8Italy 0.8Macedonia 0.8Venezuela 0.8

1 Aruba 5.02 Russia 4.43 Uruguay 4.34 Moldova 4.15 South Korea 3.96 Puerto Rico 3.7

Ukraine 3.7United States 3.7

9 Czech Republic 3.3Lithuania 3.3

11 Cuba 3.212 Estonia 3.1

Taiwan 3.114 Belgium 3.0

Bermuda 3.0Denmark 3.0

17 Belarus 2.9Channel Islandsa 2.9United Kingdom 2.9

20 Netherlands Antilles 2.821 Germany 2.7

New Zealand 2.723 Australia 2.5

Finland 2.5Switzerland 2.5

26 Hungary 2.4Norway 2.4

28 Austria 2.3Hong Kong 2.3Kazakhstan 2.3Latvia 2.3Luxembourg 2.3

Portugal 2.334 Canada 2.2

Cyprus 2.2France 2.2Sweden 2.2

38 Guadeloupe 2.1Singapore 2.1Slovakia 2.1

41 Bulgaria 2.0Japan 2.0

43 Iceland 1.8Kuwait 1.8Netherlands 1.8

46 Bahamas 1.7Jordan 1.7

48 Israel 1.6Romania 1.6

50 Poland 1.551 China 1.3

Suriname 1.353 Croatia 1.2

Greece 1.2Slovenia 1.2Trinidad & Tobago 1.2Turkmenistan 1.2

58 New Caledonia 1.1Réunion 1.1Serbia 1.1Spain 1.1Thailand 1.1Tunisia 1.1West Bank and Gaza 1.1

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Households and living costs

90 WORLD RANKINGS

1 China 372.12 India 206.33 United States 112.74 Indonesia 58.65 Russia 53.06 Brazil 50.07 Japan 48.58 Germany 39.39 Nigeria 26.8

10 United Kingdom 26.111 Bangladesh 25.512 France 25.313 Vietnam 25.214 Mexico 24.6

15 Italy 22.416 Pakistan 22.117 Ukraine 19.818 Congo-Kinshasa 17.3

South Korea 17.320 Thailand 17.221 Philippines 17.122 Egypt 16.023 Turkey 15.424 Spain 15.225 Ethiopia 14.726 Poland 13.627 Myanmar 13.5

Biggest number of householdsa

m

Biggest householdsa

Population per dwelling

a Latest available year.b The cost of living index shown is compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit for use

by companies in determining expatriate compensation: it is a comparison of the costof maintaining a typical international lifestyle in the country rather than acomparison of the purchasing power of a citizen of the country. The index is based ontypical urban prices an international executive and family will face abroad. The prices

1 Congo-Brazzaville 8.22 Pakistan 7.23 Papua New Guinea 6.84 United Arab Emirates 6.55 Gabon 6.3

Guinea 6.3Kuwait 6.3

8 Cambodia 6.29 Réunion 6.1

Sudan 6.111 Algeria 6.012 Bangladesh 5.9

Saudi Arabia 5.9Uzbekistan 5.9

15 French Polynesia 5.8Kyrgyzstan 5.8

17 Guinea-Bissau 5.7Jordan 5.7

Highest cost of livingb

End 2006, USA=1001 Norway 1322 France 1303 Denmark 1264 United Kingdom 1255 Japan 1246 Iceland 1187 Finland 1168 South Korea 1159 Austria 112

Switzerland 11211 Singapore 10812 Hong Kong 10713 Australia 106

Germany 10615 Belgium 104

Ireland 104

New Caledonia 104Sweden 104

19 Netherlands 101Russia 101

21 Italy 9822 Spain 9723 Canada 9624 Luxembourg 9525 Cote d’Ivoire 8926 Israel 8827 New Zealand 8628 Taiwan 85

Turkey 8530 Czech Republic 84

Greece 84

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Cayman Islands 0.01Virgin Islands 0.01

3 Bermuda 0.024 Aruba 0.03

Guam 0.036 French Polynesia 0.04

New Caledonia 0.048 Netherlands Antilles 0.059 Barbados 0.06

10 Bahamas 0.07Brunei 0.07

12 Suriname 0.0913 Martinique 0.1014 Belize 0.11

Guadeloupe 0.11

16 Malta 0.1217 Equatorial Guinea 0.13

Iceland 0.13Réunion 0.13

20 Macau 0.1521 Fiji 0.16

Luxembourg 0.16Qatar 0.16

24 Bahrain 0.1925 Swaziland 0.2026 Gabon 0.2227 Mauritius 0.2328 Cyprus 0.2729 Guinea-Bissau 0.28

Trinidad & Tobago 0.28

HOUSEHOLDS AND LIVING COSTS 91

Smallest number of householdsa

m

Lowest cost of livingb

End 2006, USA=1001 Iran 342 Philippines 433 Pakistan 444 India 45

Libya 45Nepal 45

7 Bangladesh 468 Paraguay 519 Algeria 52

10 Costa Rica 5311 Argentina 54

Uzbekistan 5413 Syria 57

Venezuela 5715 Egypt 58

Sri Lanka 58

17 Cambodia 5918 Bulgaria 60

Kazakhstan 60Peru 60

21 Panama 6122 Ecuador 62

Uraguay 62Vietnam 62

25 Brunei 63Kuwait 63Oman 63

28 South Africa 6429 Saudi Arabia 6530 Bahrain 66

Romania 66

Smallest householdsa

Population per dwelling 1 Finland 2.1

Germany 2.1Sweden 2.1

4 Denmark 2.2Switzerland 2.2

6 Austria 2.3Iceland 2.3

Netherlands 2.3Norway 2.3United Kingdom 2.3

11 Belgium 2.4Estonia 2.4France 2.4Ukraine 2.4

c are for products of international comparable quality found in a supermarket ordepartment store. Prices found in local markets and bazaars are not used unless theavailable merchandise is of the specified quality and the shopping area itself is safefor executive and family members. New York City prices are used as the base, so UnitedStates = 100.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Norway 89.52 Denmark 89.13 New Zealand 88.54 Netherlands 87.75 United Kingdom 87.16 Australia 85.57 Germany 85.28 Sweden 83.49 Canada 81.5

10 Taiwan 70.611 Japan 69.8

12 Austria 69.713 Belgium 66.314 Finland 64.115 United States 61.316 Switzerland 59.217 Hong Kong 58.418 Singapore 56.019 Portugal 43.120 Spain 42.421 Ireland 41.122 Peru 36.3

CD playerCD players per 100 households

Consumer goods ownership

92 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Belgium 99.82 United States 99.73 Ireland 99.44 Taiwan 99.35 Hong Kong 99.1

Saudi Arabia 99.17 Japan 99.08 Canada 98.89 Finland 98.7

Netherlands 98.7Singapore 98.7Spain 98.7

13 Portugal 98.3United Kingdom 98.3

15 New Zealand 98.216 Austria 97.9

17 Germany 97.418 United Arab Emirates 97.319 Sweden 97.020 Israel 96.921 Switzerland 96.822 Venezuela 96.323 Italy 96.024 France 95.925 Norway 94.026 South Korea 93.827 Jordan 93.428 Slovenia 92.829 Hungary 92.730 Denmark 92.631 Kuwait 92.232 Argentina 92.1

TVColour TVs per 100 households

TelephoneTelephone lines per 100 people

1 Bermuda 86.22 Switzerland 69.03 Germany 66.64 Iceland 65.95 Canada 64.16 Virgin Islands (US) 63.97 Denmark 61.78 Taiwan 59.89 United States 58.8

10 Sweden 58.211 Greece 56.812 France 55.713 Hong Kong 53.914 United Kingdom 53.315 Andorra 52.816 Luxembourg 52.617 Guam 50.9

18 Faroe Islands 50.719 Malta 50.420 Cyprus 50.321 Australia 50.222 Ireland 49.523 South Korea 49.224 Guadeloupe 48.725 Netherlands 46.626 Austria 45.7

Greenland 45.7Norway 45.7

29 Belgium 45.430 Japan 45.331 Martinique 44.532 Bahamas 43.933 Italy 43.134 New Zealand 42.9

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Switzerland 86.22 United States 76.23 Sweden 76.14 Israel 73.45 Canada 69.86 Australia 68.97 Netherlands 68.58 Denmark 65.59 Luxembourg 62.4

10 Singapore 62.211 Austria 61.112 United Kingdom 60.013 Hong Kong 59.314 France 57.915 Taiwan 57.516 Norway 57.217 Germany 54.518 Japan 54.219 South Korea 53.220 Bermuda 52.321 Ireland 49.722 Estonia 48.923 Iceland 48.324 Finland 48.2

New Zealand 48.226 Slovenia 41.127 Italy 37.028 Réunion 36.329 Slovakia 35.730 Saudi Arabia 35.431 Macau 34.832 Belgium 34.733 Cyprus 30.934 Spain 28.135 Czech Republic 24.036 Costa Rica 23.137 Kuwait 22.338 Macedonia 22.239 Latvia 21.940 Martinique 20.841 Guadeloupe 20.342 United Arab Emirates 19.843 Malaysia 19.244 Croatia 19.1

Poland 19.146 Qatar 17.947 Bahrain 16.948 Malta 16.6

CONSUMER GOODS OWNERSHIP 93

ComputerComputers per 100 people

Mobile telephoneSubscribers per 100 people

1 Luxembourg 154.82 Aruba 135.13 Lithuania 127.14 Italy 124.35 Hong Kong 123.56 Macau 115.97 Czech Republic 115.28 Israel 112.49 United Kingdom 109.8

10 Portugal 109.111 Estonia 108.812 Austria 105.8

Jamaica 105.814 Iceland 103.415 Bahrain 103.016 Ireland 102.9

Norway 102.918 United Arab Emirates 100.919 Singapore 100.820 Sweden 100.521 Finland 100.422 Denmark 100.323 Taiwan 97.4

24 Netherlands 97.225 Spain 96.826 Andorra 96.127 Germany 95.828 Greece 92.3

Hungary 92.330 Qatar 92.231 Switzerland 91.632 Australia 91.433 Netherlands Antilles 90.134 Belgium 90.035 Faroe Islands 89.436 Nepal 85.937 Ukraine 83.938 Cuba 83.439 Armenia 78.940 Bosnia 76.441 Réunion 75.542 Thailand 73.043 South Africa 71.644 Uzbekistan 68.445 Ecuador 66.9

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Daily newspapersCopies per ’000 population, latest year

1 Japan 5462 Norway 5143 Sweden 4884 Finland 4365 Singapore 3806 Denmark 3687 Austria 3398 Switzerland 3349 United Kingdom 284

10 Germany 26211 Bulgaria 25312 Netherlands 24313 Luxembourg 24014 Iceland 21715 Czech Republic 204

16 Estonia 19017 New Zealand 183

Slovenia 18319 United States 18220 Hong Kong 18121 Canada 18022 Latvia 15723 Belgium 14424 Australia 14325 Hungary 13926 Italy 13427 Ireland 13128 France 12929 Poland 11630 Malaysia 106

Cinema and newspapers

94 WORLD RANKINGS

1 India 1,618.72 United States 1,422.23 China 1,420.74 Indonesia 272.05 France 204.86 United Kingdom 178.87 Japan 176.38 Mexico 159.79 Germany 159.0

10 Spain 146.711 Canada 130.712 Australia 127.913 Italy 119.214 Russia 113.715 Philippines 94.216 South Africa 61.317 Venezuela 53.118 Brazil 49.019 South Korea 47.820 Argentina 44.721 Poland 36.222 Turkey 31.223 New Zealand 30.724 Netherlands 24.125 Belgium 23.326 Austria 20.527 Taiwan 19.028 Ecuador 18.929 Switzerland 17.630 Ireland 17.131 Sweden 16.832 Portugal 16.3

1 New Zealand 7.72 Australia 6.33 United States 4.84 Ireland 4.25 Canada 4.06 France 3.4

Spain 3.48 United Kingdom 3.09 Norway 2.6

10 Austria 2.511 Denmark 2.4

Singapore 2.4Switzerland 2.4

14 Belgium 2.215 Italy 2.116 Venezuela 2.017 Germany 1.9

Sweden 1.919 Portugal 1.6

Slovenia 1.621 India 1.5

Netherlands 1.5Mexico 1.5

24 Ecuador 1.4Greece 1.4Japan 1.4

27 Czech Republic 1.3Finland 1.3Hungary 1.3Israel 1.3South Africa 1.3

Cinema attendancesTotal visits, m Visits per head

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

MUSIC AND THE INTERNET 95

Internet hostsBy country, January 2007 Per 1,000 pop., January 2007

Music salesTotal including downloads, $m $ per head

1 United States 245,327,9382 Japan 30,841,5233 Italy 13,853,6734 Germany 13,093,2555 France 10,335,9746 Netherlands 9,014,1037 Australia 8,529,0208 Brazil 7,422,4409 Mexico 6,697,570

10 United Kingdom 6,650,33411 Poland 5,001,78612 Taiwan 4,418,70513 Canada 4,257,82514 Finland 3,187,64315 Belgium 3,150,85616 Sweden 3,039,77017 Spain 2,929,62718 Denmark 2,807,34819 Switzerland 2,570,89120 Norway 2,370,07821 Russia 2,353,17122 Austria 2,330,32523 China 1,933,91924 Argentina 1,837,05025 India 1,684,958

1 United States 822.72 Iceland 696.93 Finland 613.04 Netherlands 553.05 Denmark 519.96 Norway 515.27 Australia 422.28 Switzerland 352.29 Estonia 345.4

10 New Zealand 338.911 Sweden 337.812 Belgium 303.013 Ireland 294.714 Austria 284.215 Japan 240.816 Italy 238.417 Greenland 235.518 Singapore 211.519 Israel 195.820 Taiwan 193.021 Luxembourg 191.422 Cayman Islands 172.923 France 170.824 Germany 158.325 Czech Republic 147.3

1 United States 7,011.92 Japan 3,718.43 United Kingdom 2,162.24 Germany 1,457.55 France 1,248.36 Canada 544.37 Australia 440.08 Italy 428.59 Spain 368.9

10 Brazil 265.411 Mexico 262.712 Netherlands 246.313 Switzerland 205.914 Russia 193.715 Belgium 161.816 South Africa 158.817 Sweden 148.218 Austria 138.719 Norway 133.120 Denmark 113.1

1 United Kingdom 36.22 Japan 29.03 Norway 28.94 Switzerland 28.25 United States 23.56 Ireland 22.27 Australia 21.88 Denmark 20.99 France 20.6

10 New Zealand 19.411 Germany 17.612 Austria 16.9

Canada 16.914 Sweden 16.515 Belgium 15.6

Finland 15.617 Netherlands 15.118 Hong Kong 9.519 Spain 8.6

Music and the internet

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

96 WORLD RANKINGS

Nobel prize winners: 1901–2006

1 United States 172 United Kingdom 113 France 94 Sweden 55 Belgium 4

Germany 47 Austria 3

Norway 3South Africa 3

10 Argentina 2Egypt 2Israel 2Russia 2Switzerland 2

1 United States 502 United Kingdom 213 Germany 144 Sweden 75 France 6

Switzerland 67 Austria 5

Denmark 59 Australia 3

Belgium 3Italy 3

Peace (two or more) Economicsa

Literature (three or more) Medicine (three or more)

1 United States 302 United Kingdom 83 Norway 2

Sweden 25 France 1

Germany 1Israel 1Netherlands 1Russia 1

1 United States 422 United Kingdom 223 Germany 144 France 75 Switzerland 66 Sweden 57 Canada 4

Japan 49 Argentina 1

Austria 1Belgium 1Czech Republic 1Denmark 1Finland 1Israel 1Italy 1Netherlands 1Norway 1Russia 1

Physics Chemistry

1 France 142 United States 123 United Kingdom 104 Germany 75 Sweden 66 Italy 5

Spain 58 Norway 3

Poland 3Russia 3

1 United States 482 United Kingdom 193 Germany 184 France 85 Netherlands 6

Russia 67 Japan 4

Sweden 4Switzerland 4

10 Austria 3Italy 3

12 Canada 2Denmark 2

14 Colombia 1India 1Ireland 1Pakistan 1Poland 1

a Since 1969.Notes: Prizes by country of residence at time awarded. When prizes have been shared in thesamefield,onecreditgiventoeachcountry.Onlytoprankingsineachfieldareincluded.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Olympic medal winners

1 United States 895 690 6042 Soviet Uniona 440 357 3253 United Kingdom 180 233 2254 France 173 187 2035 Italy 172 136 1536 Germanyb 162 191 2057 Germany (East) 153 129 1278 Hungary 148 130 1549 Sweden 138 154 171

10 China 112 96 7811 Australia 100 106 13112 Finland 100 80 11313 Japan 98 97 10314 Romania 74 86 10615 Netherlands 60 65 8416 Russiac 59 53 4717 Poland 56 72 11318 Germany (West) 56 67 8119 Cuba 56 46 4120 Canada 52 79 99

Summer games, 1896–2004Gold Silver Bronze

Winter games, 1924–2006Gold Silver Bronze

1 Germanyb 129 117 932 Norway 96 102 753 Soviet Uniona 87 63 674 United States 78 81 595 Austria 50 64 706 Sweden 46 32 347 Finland 42 57 528 Canada 38 38 449 Switzerland 37 37 43

10 Italy 36 31 3311 Russia 35 26 2112 France 25 24 3213 Netherlands 25 30 2314 South Korea 17 8 615 Japan 9 10 1316 United Kingdom 8 5 1517 China 4 16 1318 Croatia 4 3 019 Estonia 4 1 120 Australia 3 0 2

OLYMPIC MEDAL WINNERS 97

a 1952-1992.b Germany 1896-1936, unified teams in 1956-64, then since 1992.c Russia 1896-1912, then since 1996.Note: Figures exclude mixed teams in 1896, 1900 and 1904 and Australasia teams in1908 and 1912.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Greece 8.42 Macedonia 7.13 Russia 6.84 Czech Republic 6.45 Slovenia 6.26 Spain 6.17 Japan 6.08 Ukraine 5.99 Bulgaria 5.8

Latvia 5.8Moldova 5.8Serbia 5.8

13 Bosnia 5.214 Cyprus 5.115 Albania 5.0

Kazakhstan 5.0Poland 5.0Taiwan 5.0

19 South Korea 4.920 Armenia 4.821 Belgium 4.722 Austria 4.6

Lebanon 4.6

Drinking and smoking

98 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Portugal 32.12 Switzerland 29.53 Italy 29.44 France 27.45 Denmark 24.56 Argentina 24.07 Hungary 23.98 Germany 21.99 Netherlands 21.8

10 Belgium 19.011 Australia 18.712 United Kingdom 17.513 New Zealand 17.214 Austria 17.015 Sweden 15.616 Ireland 14.417 Chile 13.718 Spain 13.019 Norway 11.720 Czech Republic 10.421 Finland 9.622 Canada 9.5

1 Australia 99.22 Czech Republic 98.23 Germany 96.24 Finland 92.05 Austria 87.86 Hungary 84.97 Russia 80.68 Netherlands 79.89 New Zealand 78.7

10 Denmark 78.211 Venezuela 75.212 United States 73.813 Slovakia 73.114 Belgium 68.015 Canada 67.116 Portugal 66.917 Poland 66.218 United Kingdom 64.719 Switzerland 61.520 Argentina 60.521 Sweden 60.422 Romania 60.323 Norway 57.224 France 54.7

Beer drinkersOff-trade sales, litres per head of pop.

Wine drinkersOff-trade sales, litres per headof pop.

Alcoholic drinksOff-trade sales, litres per head of pop.

SmokersAv. ann. consumption ofcigarettes per head per day

1 Czech Republic 82.42 Venezuela 71.63 Australia 68.74 Germany 67.55 Austria 66.66 Finland 64.67 United States 61.78 Slovakia 60.69 Hungary 56.7

10 Russia 55.511 Netherlands 54.412 New Zealand 53.913 Canada 51.614 Denmark 50.9

Poland 50.916 Romania 49.717 Belgium 45.718 Bulgaria 43.719 Mexico 42.520 Norway 41.521 Sweden 38.422 Japan 38.123 South Africa 38.0

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT 99

MurdersPer 100,000 pop.

Death penaltyExecutions, 2004

1 Ecuador 18.32 Swaziland 13.63 Mongolia 12.84 Suriname 10.35 Lithuania 9.46 Latvia 8.57 Zimbabwe 8.48 Belarus 8.39 Kyrgyzstan 8.0

10 Uganda 7.4Ukraine 7.4

12 Estonia 6.813 Moldova 6.7

Sri Lanka 6.715 Costa Rica 6.2

Georgia 6.217 Uruguay 5.618 Peru 5.5

United States 5.520 Philippines 4.3

1 Chinaa 3,4002 Iran 1593 Vietnama 644 Uzbekistan 625 United States 526 North Korea 407 Saudi Arabia 338 Pakistan 159 Kuwait 9

10 Bangladesh 711 Egypt 6

Yemen 613 Belarus 514 Somalia 415 Indonesia 3

Lebanon 3Taiwan 3

18 Japan 2Sudan 2

Crime and punishment

PrisonersTotal prison pop., latest availableyear

Per 100,000 pop., latestavailable year

1 United States 7372 Russia 6133 Virgin Islands (US) 5494 Belize 5055 Turkmenistan 4896 Cuba 4877 Bermuda 4648 Bahamas 4629 Cayman Islands 453

10 Belarus 42611 Barbados 36712 Netherlands Antilles 364

Panama 36414 Puerto Rico 356

Suriname 35616 Singapore 350

Ukraine 35018 Botswana 34819 Guam 34520 Kazakhstan 34021 South Africa 33622 Estonia 33323 Aruba 32424 Trinidad & Tobago 296

a Estimate.

1 United States 2,193,7982 China 1,548,4983 Russia 871,6934 Brazil 385,3175 India 332,1126 Mexico 214,4527 Thailand 164,4438 Ukraine 162,6029 South Africa 160,198

10 Iran 147,92611 Indonesia 99,94612 Poland 90,26813 Philippines 89,63914 Pakistan 89,37015 Vietnam 88,41416 United Kingdom 88,19717 Japan 79,05218 Germany 77,16619 Bangladesha 71,20020 Rwandaa 67,00021 Turkey 65,45822 Ethiopiaa 65,00023 Spain 64,72124 Argentina 63,357

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

20031 United States 242 Russia 193 China 64 France 45 India 2

Japan 2

20051 Russia 212 United States 153 France 54 China 35 Japan 26 India 1

Sweden 1

20041 United States 212 Russia 173 China 2

France 25 India 1

Sweden 1

20061 United States 202 Russia 193 Japan 74 France 55 China 46 Sweden 3

Stars…

100 WORLD RANKINGS

1957 Man-made satellite Dog in space, Laika1961 Human in space, Yuri Gagarin

Entire day in space, Gherman Titov1963 Woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova1964 Space crew, one pilot and two passengers1965 Space walk, Alexei Leonov

Computer guidance systemEight days in space achieved (needed to travel to moon and back)

1966 Docking between space craft and target vehicleAutopilot re-entry and landing

1968 Live television broadcast from spaceMoon orbit

1969 Astronaut transfer from one craft to another in spaceMoon landing

1971 Space station, SalyutDrive on the moon

1973 Space laboratory, Skylab1978 Non-Amercian, non-Soviet, Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia)1982 Space shuttle, Columbia (first craft to carry four crew members)1983 Five crew mission1984 Space walk, untethered

Capture, repair and redeployment of satellite in spaceSeven crew mission

1985 Classified US Defence Department mission1986 Space shuttle explosion, Challenger

Mir space station activated1990 Hubble telescope deployed2001 Dennis Tito, first paying space tourist2003 Space shuttle explosion, Columbia. Shuttle programme suspended

China’s first manned space flight, Yang Liwei2004 SpaceShipOne, first successful private manned space flight 2005 Space shuttle, resumption of flights

Space missionsFirsts and selected events

Space vehicle launchesBy host country

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 Oman 12.32 Myanmar 9.03 Saudi Arabia 8.84 Israel 8.05 Jordan 7.66 Kuwait 6.67 Eritrea 6.38 Burundi 6.19 Vietnam 6.0

10 Syria 5.811 Armenia 5.612 Brunei 5.513 Madagascar 5.314 Qatar 5.215 Angola 4.9

16 Singapore 4.817 Uzbekistan 4.618 Egypt 4.1

Guinea-Bissau 4.120 Colombia 4.0

Cuba 4.0United States 4.0Zimbabwe 4.0

24 Morocco 3.925 Bahrain 3.826 Pakistan 3.7

Russia 3.7Yemen 3.7

29 Chile 3.630 Belarus 3.5

1 United States 495.32 China 104.03 France 53.14 United Kingdom 51.75 Japan 43.96 Germany 38.07 Italy 31.48 Saudi Arabia 25.49 India 21.7

10 South Korea 20.311 Australia 15.612 Brazil 13.313 Spain 13.214 Canada 12.815 Turkey 11.7

16 Netherlands 9.917 Israel 9.818 Indonesia 8.419 Taiwan 8.020 Greece 6.9

Myanmar 6.922 Ukraine 6.023 Sweden 5.924 Poland 5.6

Singapore 5.626 Iran 5.227 Colombia 4.9

Norway 4.929 Belgium 4.630 Kuwait 4.4

STARS AND WARS 101

Defence spendingAs % of GDP

Defence spending$bn

…and Wars

1 China 2,255 8002 US 1,506 9733 India 1,316 1,1554 North Korea 1,106 4,7005 Russia 1,027 20,0006 South Korea 687 4,5007 Pakistan 6198 Iran 545 3509 Turkey 515 379

10 Myanmar 48211 Egypt 469 47912 Vietnam 455 5,00013 Syria 308 354

14 Thailand 307 20015 Indonesia 302 40016 Taiwan 290 1,65717 Brazil 288 1,34018 France 255 2219 Japan 239 4420 Mexico 238 4021 Saudi Arabia 22522 Colombia 209 6223 Eritrea 202 12024 Morocco 201 15025 Italy 191 5726 UK 191 199

Armed forces’000

Regulars Reserves Regulars Reserves

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Environment

102 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 4,816.22 China 4,143.53 Russia 1,493.04 India 1,273.25 Japan 1,231.36 Germany 805.07 Ukraine 684.08 United Kingdom 569.19 Canada 565.5

10 South Korea 455.911 Italy 445.512 Mexico 415.913 Iran 381.414 France 373.915 Australia 354.116 Poland 304.517 Saudi Arabia 302.318 Brazil 298.319 Indonesia 295.020 South Africa 285.421 Spain 211.822 Algeria 163.623 Kazakhstan 159.224 Malaysia 156.425 Turkey 146.226 Netherlands 140.9

27 Egypt 139.628 Uzbekistan 129.229 Argentina 127.530 Venezuela 117.331 Czech Republic 116.332 Pakistan 114.133 Belgium 102.834 Greece 96.235 Thailand 95.736 Romania 91.137 Kuwait 78.538 North Korea 77.539 Philippines 76.940 Iraq 72.941 Austria 70.342 Israel 68.343 Finland 67.844 Serbia 65.445 Belarus 62.546 Chile 58.547 Hungary 58.248 Portugal 57.549 Colombia 55.550 Denmark 54.2

United Arab Emirates 54.2

Biggest emitters of carbon dioxideTonnes, m, 2003

Carbon dioxide emissionsAverage annual % change, 1990–2003Biggest increase Biggest fall

1 Laos 16.72 Bosnia 15.33 Swaziland 12.04 Vietnam 11.55 Nepal 11.46 Kuwait 11.07 Sri Lanka 8.88 Oman 8.79 Madagascar 8.5

10 Ethiopia 8.011 Algeria 7.8

Togo 7.813 Honduras 7.514 Benin 7.415 Haiti 7.2

Uganda 7.217 Bangladesh 6.918 Dominican Republic 6.8

Malaysia 6.820 Guatemala 6.7

1 Tajikistan -12.52 North Korea -11.93 Georgia -11.34 Moldova -10.15 Gabon -9.16 Afghanistan -9.07 Kyrgyzstan -7.58 Latvia -6.99 Ukraine -6.6

10 Congo-Kinshasa -6.511 Kazakhstan -6.012 Lithuania -5.213 Azerbaijan -5.114 Belarus -4.415 Puerto Rico -4.116 Romania -4.017 Estonia -3.918 Albania -3.719 Bulgaria -3.620 Russia -3.3

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

1 United Arab Emirates 33.42 Kuwait 32.73 Trinidad & Tobago 22.14 United States 19.95 Canada 17.96 Australia 17.87 Senegal 13.78 Estonia 13.59 Finland 13.0

10 Oman 12.811 Czech Republic 11.4

Singapore 11.413 Kazakhstan 10.714 Ireland 10.415 Russia 10.316 Israel 10.217 Denmark 10.118 Belgium 9.9

Norway 9.920 Germany 9.821 Japan 9.622 South Korea 9.523 United Kingdom 9.424 Turkmenistan 9.225 Libya 8.9

26 Austria 8.7Greece 8.7Netherlands 8.7New Zealand 8.7

30 Poland 8.031 South Africa 7.932 Italy 7.7

Slovenia 7.734 Spain 7.435 Slovakia 7.036 Ukraine 6.637 Malaysia 6.438 Belarus 6.339 France 6.2

Serbia a 6.241 Sweden 5.942 Hungary 5.7

Iran 5.744 Bulgaria 5.6

Hong Kong 5.6Venezuela 5.6

47 Portugal 5.5Switzerland 5.5

49 Croatia 5.4Lebanon 5.4

ENVIRONMENT 103

Largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions per personTonnes, 2003

Carbon dioxide emissions relative to GDPKg per $PPP of GDP b, 2003

a Includes Montenegro.b Constant (2000) $.

1 Uzbekistan 2.82 Mongolia 1.8

Trinidad & Tobago 1.84 Kazakhstan 1.75 United Arab Emirates 1.56 Kuwait 1.47 Russia 1.2

Ukraine 1.29 Estonia 1.1

Lebanon 1.1Venezuela 1.1

12 Azerbaijan 1.0Belarus 1.0Jamaica 1.0Moldova 1.0Yemen 1.0

17 Oman 0.9

Saudi Arabia 0.919 Algeria 0.8

Iran 0.8Macedonia 0.8South Africa 0.8Syria 0.8

24 Bulgaria 0.7Jordan 0.7Malaysia 0.7Poland 0.7Tajikistan 0.7

29 Australia 0.6Canada 0.6China 0.6Czech Republic 0.6Kyrgyzstan 0.6Romania 0.6

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

104 WORLD RANKINGS

Population using improved sanitation facilitiesa

Lowest, %, 20041 Chad 9

Eritrea 93 Burkina Faso 13

Ethiopia 13Niger 13

6 Cambodia 177 Ghana 18

Guinea 189 Namibia 25

10 Somalia 2611 Central African Rep 27

Congo-Brazzaville 27Liberia 27

14 Congo-Kinshasa 30Haiti 30Laos 30

17 Angola 3118 Mozambique 3219 Benin 33

India 3321 Afghanistan 34

Madagascar 34Mauritania 34

Sudan 3425 Guinea-Bissau 35

Nepal 35Togo 35

28 Burundi 36Gabon 36

30 Côte d’Ivoire 37Lesotho 37

32 Bangladesh 39Sierra Leone 39

34 Botswana 42Rwanda 42

36 Kenya 43Uganda 43Yemen 43

39 China 44Nigeria 44Papua New Guinea 44

42 Bolivia 46Mali 46

44 Belize 47Nicaragua 47Tanzania 47

City health and sanitation indexNew York, November 2006=100b

Highest Lowest1 Calgary, Canada 131.72 Honolulu, US 130.33 Helsinki, Finland 128.54 Ottawa, Canada 127.25 Minneapolis, US 125.76 Oslo, Norway 125.0

Stockholm, Sweden 125.0Zurich, Switzerland 125.0

9 Katsuyama, Japan 123.810 Bern, Switzerland 123.7

Boston, United States 123.7Geneva, Switzerland 123.7Lexington, USc 123.7Montreal, Canada 123.7Nuremberg, Germany 123.7Pittsburgh, US 123.7Vancouver, Canada 123.7

18 Auckland, N. Zealand 123.1Wellington, N. Zealand 123.1

1 Baku, Azerbaijan 27.62 Dhaka, Bangladesh 29.63 Antananarivo, Madag. 30.14 Port au Prince, Haiti 34.05 Mexico City, Mexico 37.76 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 37.97 Mumbai, India 38.28 Baghdad, Iraq 39.09 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz.39.1

Almaty, Kazakhstan 39.111 Ndjamena, Chad 39.712 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 40.413 Bangui, Central Afr. Rep. 42.114 Moscow, Russia 43.4

Ouagadougou, B. Faso 43.416 Bamako, Mali 43.717 Pointe Noire, Congo-Braz. 43.818 Lomé, Togo 44.119 Conakry, Guinea 44.2

a Mostly some type of flush-to-sewage system.b Based on a range of factors, including: hospital care; pollution; sewage systems;

waste removal; water potability.c Kentucky.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

ENVIRONMENT 105

Intensity of fertilisers used in agricultureb

Kgs per hectare, 2002

1 Iceland 2,555.42 Singapore 1,209.03 Martinique 842.94 Guadeloupe 740.05 Ireland 522.76 Egypt 370.87 South Korea 370.38 Netherlands 354.19 Slovenia 353.0

10 Belgiumc 340.411 United Kingdom 308.712 Costa Rica 288.713 Japan 269.614 China 256.615 New Zealand 252.916 Mauritius 235.817 Vietnam 224.1

18 Germany 216.219 Switzerland 214.920 Norway 211.321 France 202.622 Virgin Islands (US) 200.023 Chile 197.224 Israel 190.425 Colombia 179.626 Bangladesh 168.927 Malaysia 162.228 Oman 151.029 Uzbekistan 148.830 Sri Lanka 148.331 Austria 142.532 Pakistan 133.033 Finland 132.634 United Arab Emirates 131.6

Organic croplanda

% of total agricultural land, 2003

1 Austria 11.602 Switzerland 10.003 Italy 8.004 Finland 7.005 Denmark 6.656 Sweden 6.097 Czech Republic 5.098 United Kingdom 4.229 Germany 4.10

10 Uruguay 4.0011 Norway 3.1312 Costa Rica 3.1113 Estonia 3.0014 Spain 2.2815 Australia 2.20

Portugal 2.20Slovakia 2.20

18 Netherlands 2.1919 Slovenia 1.9120 Argentina 1.70

France 1.70Hungary 1.70

23 Chile 1.5024 Belgium 1.4525 Uganda 1.39

26 Belize 1.30Canada 1.30

28 Bolivia 1.0429 Israel 0.9030 Greece 0.8631 Latvia 0.8132 Ecuador 0.7433 Iceland 0.70

Ireland 0.7035 Sri Lanka 0.6536 Ukraine 0.5837 Peru 0.4238 Papua New Guinea 0.4139 Dominican Republic 0.4040 Paraguay 0.3841 Poland 0.36

Tunisia 0.3643 Guatemala 0.33

New Zealand 0.3345 El Salvador 0.3146 Serbia 0.3047 Suriname 0.2848 Romania 0.2749 Jamaica 0.2650 Lithuania 0.25

a Converted or in the process of conversion to certified organic agriculture. Definitionsof organic vary among countries.

b Fertiliser use intensity is the amount of fertiliser consumed for agriculture per hectareof arable and permanent cropland.

c 1999, includes Luxembourg.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Largest number of national parks and nature reservesab

20041 Australia 2,5372 Canada 1,8143 United States 8034 Sweden 7505 Slovakia 5906 Brazil 3117 Estonia 2818 New Zealand 1319 Indonesia 122

10 Malaysia 11411 Norway 110

12 Russia 10813 Argentina 9114 India 8315 Mexico 8116 Thailand 5917 Finland 5518 Bulgaria 5419 Japan 5320 Sri Lanka 4821 Philippines 4722 South Africa 44

106 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Venezuela 34.22 Bhutan 29.63 Germany 29.34 Switzerland 28.75 Belize 28.66 Austria 28.07 New Zealand 24.08 Dominican Republic 22.99 Denmark 21.8

10 Cambodia 20.511 Israel 18.412 Tajikistan 18.313 Botswana 18.114 Equatorial Guinea 16.815 United Kingdom 15.3

16 Tanzania 14.617 Slovenia 14.418 Congo-Brazzaville 14.119 Mongolia 13.520 Latvia 12.7

Suriname 12.7Thailand 12.7

23 Central African Rep 11.824 Burkina Faso 11.525 China 11.326 Bolivia 11.127 Poland 11.028 Senegal 10.729 Jordan 10.230 Armenia 10.1

Protected areas as % of total land areaa

2004

National parks and nature reservesab

’000 hectares, 20041 United States 54,3122 Australia 48,4733 Canada 45,6364 Russia 25,2035 Brazil 20,9736 Mongolia 19,0527 Venezuela 12,4628 Algeria 11,8219 Congo-Kinshasa 11,264

10 Bolivia 10,86511 Sudan 8,47312 Colombia 7,49013 Zambia 6,35914 Indonesia 5,66815 Botswana 4,551

16 Tanzania 4,10017 Sweden 3,92818 Argentina 3,89319 South Africa 3,88920 Peru 3,66421 India 3,56222 Congo-Brazzaville 3,53423 Thailand 3,48624 Kenya 3,43225 Central African Rep 3,30426 Namibia 3,15927 Ethiopia 3,03628 Angola 2,95829 Zimbabwe 2,71730 Nigeria 2,509

a As recognised by the UN Environment Programme. Includes nature reserves, naturalmonuments and areas managed for sustainable use.

b Including protected wilderness areas.

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

Countryprofiles

02 WIF 2008 rankings 6/20/07 10:17 AM

108 COUNTRY PROFILES

ALGERIA

Area 2,381,741 sq km Capital AlgiersArable as % of total land 3 Currency Algerian dinar (AD)

PeoplePopulation 32.9m Life expectancy: men 70.9 yrsPop. per sq km 13.8 women 73.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 69.9%

in pop. 2005–10 1.51% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.4Pop. under 15 29.6% Urban population 63.3%Pop. over 60 12.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 102 Crude birth rate 20.8Human Development Index 72.8 Crude death rate 4.9

The economyGDP AD7,493bn GDP per head $3,110GDP $102bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 16.9

GDP 1995–2005 4.0% Economic freedom index 52.2

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 9 Private consumption 33.6Industry, of which: 62 Public consumption 11.8

manufacturing 6 Investment 22.1Services 30 Exports 45.2

Imports -20.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 21 Unemployed 2004 20.1Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 27.0Services 55

Energym TOE

Total output 165.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 32.9 of energy use -404Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,017

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 2000–05

inflation 2006 2.5% Narrow money (M1) 18.3%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.3% Broad money 19.4%Money market rate, 2006 2.34%

Exchange ratesend 2006 December 2006

AD per $ 71.16 Effective rates 2000 = 100AD per SDR 107.05 – nominal 85.25AD per 7 93.93 – real 83.09

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 7/5/07 4:13 PM

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 19.3 Capital goods 7.9Natural gas 7.3 Semi-finished goods 3.7Condensate 6.3 Food 3.4Total incl. others 46.5 Total incl. others 20.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 21.2 France 31.3Italy 15.4 Italy 8.6Spain 9.7 Spain 7.9France 9.3 Germany 7.4

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 32.2 Change in reserves 13.5Visible imports fob -18.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 14.3 end Dec. 59.2Invisibles inflows 2.9 No. months of import cover 23.1Invisibles outflows -8.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 5.6Net transfers 1.5 Foreign debt 16.9Current account balance 11.1 – as % of GDP 21

– as % of GDP 20.7 – as % of total exports 45Capital balanceb -2.0 Debt service ratio 12Overall balanceb 5.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.6 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.1 Enrolment, %: primary 114Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.7 secondary 81Improved-water source access, tertiary 15

% of pop. 85

SocietyNo. of households 5.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 75.6Av. no. per household 6.0 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 78.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 8.7 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 41.5Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. 1.1

New York = 100 52 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

ALGERIA 109

a 2004b 2001

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


ARGENTINA

Area 2,766,889 sq km Capital Buenos AiresArable as % of total land 10 Currency Peso (P)



The economyGDP P532bn GDP per head $4,730GDP $183bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 34.1



Agriculture 9.5 Private consumption 61.3Industry, of which: 35.8 Public consumption 11.9

manufacturing 23.3 Investment 21.5Services 54.7 Exports 25.1

Imports -19.2


Agricultural 1 Unemployed 2003 15.6Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 16.2Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 85.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 63.7 of energy use -34Consumption per head





P per $ 3.04 Effective rates 2000 = 100P per SDR 4.58 – nominal …P per 7 4.01 – real …

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifAgricultural products 13.2 Intermediate goods 10.4Manufactures 11.9 Capital goods 7.1Primary products 7.9 Consumer goods 3.2Fuels 7.0 Fuels 1.5Total incl. others 40.1 Total incl. others 28.7


Brazil 16.6 Brazil 33.8United States 11.2 United States 15.7Chile 10.9 China 5.1China 8.6 Germany 5.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 40.1 Change in reserves 8.4Visible imports fob -27.3 Level of reservesTrade balance 12.8 end Dec. 28.1Invisibles inflows 10.4 No. months of import cover 7.4Invisibles outflows -18.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.8Net transfers 0.6 Foreign debt 114.3Current account balance 5.4 – as % of GDP 73

– as % of GDP 2.9 – as % of total exports 245Capital balance 1.6 Debt service ratio 21Overall balance 7.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.6 Education spending, % of GDP 3.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.8 Enrolment, %: primary 119Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.1 secondary 86Improved-water source access, tertiary 48

% of pop. 96


New York = 100 54 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 47.5

ARGENTINA 111

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


AUSTRALIA

Area 7,682,300 sq km Capital CanberraArable as % of total land 6 Currency Australian dollar (A$)

PeoplePopulation 20.2m Life expectancy: men 78.9 yrsPop. per sq km 2.6 women 83.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy …


The economyGDP A$959bn GDP per head $36,260GDP $733bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 75.9



Agriculture & mining 7.9 Private consumption 59.9Manufacturing 12.2 Public consumption 18.1Other 79.9 Investment 27.0

Exports 17.2Imports -22.4



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 3.5% Narrow money (M1) 14.3%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.9% Broad money 10.3%Money market, 2006 5.81% Household saving rate, 2006 -1.7%


A$ per $ 1.26 Effective rates 2000 = 100A$ per SDR 1.90 – nominal 118.6A$ per 7 1.66 – real 127.4

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMinerals & metals 56.0 Intermediate & other goods 37.7Manufacturing goods 21.1 Consumption goods 37.2Rural goods 18.8 Capital goods 28.1Other goods 10.0 Fuels and lubricants 12.9Total incl. others 105.9 Total incl. others 118.6


Japan 20.4 United States 13.9China 11.5 China 13.7South Korea 7.9 Japan 11.0United States 6.7 Singapore 5.6EU25 10.7 EU25 23.2

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 107.0 Overall balance 7.3Visible imports fob -120.4 Change in reserves 6.3Trade balance -13.4 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 47.4 end Dec. 43.3Invisibles outflows -74.7 No. months of import cover 2.7Net transfers -0.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.6Current account balance -41.0 Aid given 1.68

– as % of GDP -5.8 – as % of GDP 0.25Capital balance 48.6


% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 7.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 92.1Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 50.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.5 per 100 pop. 91.4Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. 68.9


AUSTRALIA 113

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


AUSTRIA

Area 83,855 sq km Capital ViennaArable as % of total land 17 Currency Euro (7)



The economyGDP 7246bn GDP per head $37,330GDP $306bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 80.4




manufacturing … Investment 20.5Services 68.6 Exports 54.3

Imports -49.5



Energym TOE

Total output 9.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 33.2 of energy use 70Consumption per head,



inflation 2006 1.7% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.8% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Deposit rate, h’holds, 2006 2.15% Broad money 7.7%

Household saving rate, 2006 9.7%


7 per $ 0.76 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.14 – nominal 106.4

– real 101.5

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 7/5/07 4:14 PM


$bn fob $bn cifConsumer goods 54.4 Consumer goods 51.0Investment goods 30.5 Investment goods 26.8Intermediate goods 16.6 Raw materials (incl. fuels) 19.9Raw materials (incl. fuels) 9.1 Intermediate goods 15.5Food & beverages 7.0 Food & beverages 6.8Total incl. others 117.9 Total incl. others 120.1


Germany 32.8 Germany 48.4Eastern Europe 19.1 Eastern Europe 14.8Italy 9.2 Italy 7.0United States 6.2 Switzerland 4.5EU25 71.1 EU25 75.0

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 117.2 Overall balance -0.8Visible imports fob -113.8 Change in reserves -0.4Trade balance 3.4 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 78.1 end Dec. 11.8Invisibles outflows -74.6 No. months of import cover 0.8Net transfers -2.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 9.7Current account balance 4.3 Aid given 1.57

– as % of GDP 1.4 – as % of GDP 0.52Capital balance -1.9


% of pop. 100



AUSTRIA 115

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


BANGLADESH

Area 143,998 sq km Capital DhakaArable as % of total land 61 Currency Taka (Tk)



The economyGDP Tk3,707bn GDP per head $420GDP $60.0bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 4.9


Origins of GDPa Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 22.3 Private consumption 74.2Industry, of which: 28.3 Public consumption 5.6


Imports -22.6



Energym TOE


kg oil equivalent 164


inflation 2006 6.3% Narrow money (M1) 11.8%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 5.7% Broad money 14.9%Deposit rate, 2006 9.11%


Tk per $ 69.07 Effective rates 2000 = 100Tk per SDR 103.90 – nominal …Tk per 7 91.17 – real …

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn cifClothing 5.4 Capital goods 3.4Fish & fish products 0.4 Textiles & yarn 2.8Jute goods 0.3 Fuels 1.6Leather 0.3 Cereal & dairy products 0.5Total incl. others 7.2 Total incl. others 12.9


United States 24.2 India 14.7Germany 13.2 China 14.6United Kingdom 10.6 Kuwait 8.0France 6.0 Singapore 6.0Italy 3.8 Japan 4.1

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 9.2 Change in reserves -0.4Visible imports fob -12.3 Level of reservesTrade balance -3.1 end Dec. 2.8Invisibles inflows 1.4 No. months of import cover 2.2Invisibles outflows -3.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers 4.7 Foreign debt 18.9Current account balance -0.1 – as % of GDP 22

– as % of GDP -0.2 – as % of total exports 102Capital balance 0.2 Debt service ratio 5Overall balance -0.5


% of pop. 74

SocietyNo. of households 25.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 2.7Av. no. per household 5.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 6.4Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. 1.2


BANGLADESH 117

a Fiscal year ending June 30 2005.

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


BELGIUM

Area 30,520 sq km Capital BrusselsArable as % of total land 28 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -84.9



Energym TOE

Total output 13.5 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 57.7 of energy use 77Consumption per head,



inflation 2006 2.3% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.0% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Treasury bill rate, 2006 2.73% Broad money 7.7%




– real 116.9

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifChemicals 44.1 Chemicals 40.5Transport equipment 36.1 Machinery 38.7Machinery 35.9 Transport equipment 31.2Food, drink & tobacco 25.0 Agriculture, food & drink 22.3Total incl. others 335.8 Total incl. others 318.7


France 17.6 Netherlands 21.1Germany 17.0 Germany 15.8Netherlands 12.4 France 12.8United Kingdom 8.1 United Kingdom 7.1EU25 76.3 EU25 73.4




% of pop. …



BELGIUM 119

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


BRAZIL

Area 8,511,965 sq km Capital BrasiliaArable as % of total land 7 Currency Real (R)



The economyGDP R1,938bn GDP per head $4,270GDP $796bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.1





Imports -12.4



Energym TOE






R per $ 2.14 Effective rates 2000 = 100R per sdr 3.22 – nominal …R per 7 2.82 – real …

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifTransport equipment & parts 17.8 Machines & electricalMetal goods 13.1 equipment 18.2Soyabeans etc. 8.7 Chemical products 12.4Chemical products 2.4 Oil & derivatives 11.9

Transport equipment & parts 8.3Total incl. others 118.3 Total incl. others 77.6


United States 19.2 United States 17.5Argentina 8.4 Argentina 8.5China 5.8 Germany 8.4Netherlands 4.5 China 7.3




% of pop. 90



BRAZIL 121

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


BULGARIA

Area 110,994 sq km Capital SofiaArable as % of total land 29 Currency Lev (BGL)


in pop. 2005–10 -0.72% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 13.8% Urban population 73.0%Pop. over 60 29.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 8.9Human Development Index 81.6 Crude death rate 14.8

The economyGDP BGL41.9bn GDP per head $3,460GDP $26.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 21.6





Imports -77.4



Energym TOE



Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann change 2000–05



BGL per $ 1.49 Effective rates 2000 = 100BGL per SDR 2.23 – nominal 113.20BGL per 7 1.97 – real 127.62

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifClothing 2.0 Mineral fuels 2.9Other metals 1.2 Machinery & equipment 1.8Iron & steel 1.0 Textiles 1.7Chemicals 0.7 Chemicals 1.2Total incl. others 11.7 Total incl. others 18.2


Italy 12.0 Italy 15.6Turkey 10.5 Germany 13.6Germany 9.8 Russia 9.0Greece 9.4 Turkey 5.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 11.8 Change in reserves -0.6Visible imports fob -17.1 Level of reservesTrade balance -5.4 end Dec. 8.7Invisibles inflows 5.8 No. months of import cover 4.8Invisibles outflows -4.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.3Net transfers 1.2 Foreign debt 16.8Current account balance -3.0 – as % of GDP 68

– as % of GDP -11.3 – as % of total exports 105Capital balance 4.9 Debt service ratio 32Overall balance 2.2


% of pop. 99



BULGARIA 123

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CAMEROON

Area 475,442 sq km Capital YaoundéArable as % of total land 13 Currency CFA franc (CFAfr)



The economyGDP CFAfr8,901bn GDP per head $1,040GDP $16.9bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 5.5



Agriculture 41 Private consumption 71Industry, of which: 14 Public consumption 10

manufacturing 7 Investment 21Services 45 Exports 23

Imports -25


Agriculture 70 Unemployed 2005 …Industry 13 Av. ann. rate 1995–2005 …Services 17

Energym TOE



Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. change 2000–05



CFAfr per $ 498.07 Effective rates 2000 = 100CFAfr per SDR 749.30 – nominal 112.1CFAfr per 7 657.45 – real 114.3

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 1.3 Capital goods 0.4Cocoa 0.2 Intermediate goods 0.4Cotton 0.2 Minerals & raw materials 0.3Total incl. others 2.5 Total incl. others 2.5


Spain 16.7 France 24.5Italy 13.2 Nigeria 11.3France 9.2 China 5.8United Kingdom 8.8 United States 5.2

Balance of paymentsb, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 2.4 Change in reserves 0.1Visible imports fob -2.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 0.3 end Dec. 1.0Invisibles inflows 0.5 No. months of import cover 2.9Invisibles outflows -1.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 0.1 Foreign debt 7.2Current account balance -0.7 – as % of GDP 14


Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.2 Education spending, % of GDP 1.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.2 Enrolment, %: primary 91Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 44Improved-water source access, tertiary 5

% of pop. 66

SocietyNo. of households 4.3m Colour TVs per 100 households …Av. no. per household 3.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 13.8Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. 1.2

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

CAMEROON 125

a 2004b 2003

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CANADA

Areaa 9,970,610 sq km Capital OttawaArable as % of total land 5 Currency Canadian dollar (C$)



The economyGDP C$1,350bn GDP per head $34,480GDP $1,114bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 79.7




manufacturing & mining 20.9 Investment 20.7Services 68.3 Exports 37.9

Imports -34.1



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.0% Narrow money (M1) 13.5%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.2% Broad money 21.6%Money market rate, 2006 4.02% Household saving rate, 2006 1.5%


C$ per $ 1.17 Effective rates 2000 = 100C$ per SDR 1.75 – nominal 122.3C$ per 7 1.54 – real 129.9

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fobMachinery & equipment 78.2 Machinery & equipment 91.0Motor vehicles and parts 72.9 Industrial goods 64.8Energy products 72.1 Motor vehicles & parts 64.6Other industrial goods 69.8 Consumer goods 40.8Forest products 30.0 Energy products 27.9Total incl. others 358.9 Total incl. others 323.2


United States 83.2 United States 63.4Japan 2.1 China 8.2United Kingdom 1.8 Mexico 4.2China 1.6 Japan 3.7EU25 5.5 EU25 11.6

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 374.3 Overall balance 1.3Visible imports fob -320.5 Change in reserves -1.5Trade balance 53.8 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 93.5 end Dec. 33.0Invisibles outflows -120.3 No. months of import cover 0.9Net transfers -0.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Current account balance 26.6 Aid given 3.76



% of pop. 100



CANADA 127

a Including freshwater.

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CHILE

Area 756,945 sq km Capital SantiagoArable as % of total land 3 Currency Chilean peso (Ps)



The economyGDP 64.549bn pesos GDP per head $7,070GDP $115bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 28.7





Imports -33.6



Energym TOE






Ps per $ 534.43 Effective rates 2000 = 100Ps per SDR 804.00 – nominal 97.0Ps per 7 705.45 – real 95.0

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifCopper 18.3 Intermediate goods 18.5Fruit 2.1 Capital goods 7.2Paper products 1.7 Consumer goods 4.7Total incl. others 40.6 Total incl. others 32.6


United States 15.4 Argentina 14.7China 10.8 United States 13.6Japan 10.8 Brazil 10.8Netherlands 5.6 China 7.1South Korea 5.3 South Korea 4.8




% of pop. 95



CHILE 129

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CHINA

Area 9,560,900 sq km Capital BeijingArable as % of total land 11 Currency Yuan

PeoplePopulation 1,315.8m Life expectancy: men 71.3 yrsPop. per sq km 137.6 women 74.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 90.9%


The economyGDP Yuan18,309bn GDP per head $1,700GDP $2,234bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 16.1





Imports -31.3



Energym TOE

Total output 1,536.8 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 1,609.3 of energy use 5Consumption per head,





Yuan per $ 7.81 Effective rates 2000 = 100Yuan per SDR 11.75 – nominal 97.18Yuan per 7 10.31 – real 95.83

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifOffice equipment 110.7 Electrical machinery 137.7Telecoms equipment 94.9 Petroleum products 59.5Electrical machinery 75.5 Professional & Apparel & clothing 74.2 scientific instruments 41.4Misc. manufactures 47.2 Office equipment 35.8

Other machinery 24.3Total incl. others 762.0 Total incl. others 660.0


United States 21.4 Japan 15.2Hong Kong 16.3 South Korea 11.6Japan 11.0 Taiwan 11.3South Korea 4.6 United States 7.4Germany 4.3 Germany 4.7




% of pop. 77



CHINA 131

Note: Data excludes Special Administrative Regions ie, Hong Kong and Macau.

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


COLOMBIA

Area 1,141,748 sq km Capital BogotaArable as % of total land 2 Currency Colombian peso (peso)



The economyGDP 283,848bn pesos GDP per head $2,680GDP $122bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 17.4





Imports -21.3



Energym TOE






Peso per $ 2,225 Effective rates 2000 = 100Peso per SDR 3,348 – nominal 98.5Peso per 7 2,938 – real 106.9

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifOil 5.6 Intermediate goods & Coal 2.6 raw materials 9.5Coffee 1.5 Capital goods 7.7

Consumer goods 4.0Total incl. others 21.1 Total 21.2


United States 40.4 United States 28.1Venezuela 9.2 Venezuela 6.4Ecuador 5.7 Mexico 5.9Peru 3.5 Brazil 5.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 21.7 Change in reserves 1.4Visible imports fob -20.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 1.6 end Dec. 15.0Invisibles inflows 3.7 No. months of import cover 5.7Invisibles outflows -11.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.3Net transfers 4.0 Foreign debt 37.7Current account balance -1.9 – as % of GDP 43



% of pop. 93



COLOMBIA 133

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Area 322,463 sq km Capital Abidjan/YamoussoukroArable as % of total land 10 Currency CFA franc (CFAfr)



The economyGDP CFAfr8,621bn GDP per head $900GDP $16.3bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 3.9





Imports -42


Agriculture … Unemployed 2005 …Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2005 …Services …

Energym TOE



Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. change 2000–05



CFAfr per $ 498.1 Effective rates 2000 = 100CFAfr per SDR 749.3 – nominal 115.0CFAfr per 7 657.5 – real 119.6

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifCocoa beans & products 2.2 Capital equipment 1.2Petroleum products 1.0 Foodstuffs 0.9Timber 0.3 Fuel & lubricants 0.9Coffee & products 0.2Total incl. others 6.9 Total incl. others 5.7


France 18.3 France 27.7United States 14.1 Nigeria 24.5Netherlands 11.0 Singapore 6.6Nigeria 8.0 China 3.1Panama 4.4 United Kingdom 3.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 7.5 Change in reserves -0.4Visible imports fob -5.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 2.4 end Dec. 1.3Invisibles inflows 1.0 No. months of import cover 2.0Invisibles outflows -2.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers -0.5 Foreign debt 10.7Current account balance -0.0 – as % of GDP 69

– as % of GDP -0.1 – as % of total exports 131Capital balance -0.9 Debt service ratio 6Overall balance -0.9


% of pop. 84



CÔTE D’IVOIRE 135

a 2004

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


CZECH REPUBLIC

Area 78,864 sq km Capital PragueArable as % of total land 39 Currency Koruna (Kc)



The economyGDP Kc2,978bn GDP per head $12,190GDP $124bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 49.0





Imports -69.8



Energym TOE






Kc per $ 20.88 Effective rates 2000 = 100Kc per SDR 31.41 – nominal 134.75Kc per 7 27.56 – real 134.67

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 39.9 equipment 30.9Semi-manufactures 16.9 Semi-manufactures 15.5Chemicals 4.9 Raw materials & fuels 9.2Raw materials & fuels 4.4 Chemicals 8.5Total incl. others 78.0 Total incl. others 76.4


Germany 33.6 Germany 33.0Slovakia 8.7 Russia 6.3Austria 5.5 Slovakia 6.0Poland 5.5 China 5.7France 5.3 Poland 4.9EU25 84.2 EU25 70.8




% of pop. 100



CZECH REPUBLIC 137

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


DENMARK

Area 43,075 sq km Capital CopenhagenArable as % of total land 53 Currency Danish krone (DKr)


in pop. 2005–10 0.21 Fertility rate (per woman) 1.8Pop. under 15 18.8% Urban population 85.6%Pop. over 60 21.2% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 11.2Human Development Index 94.3 Crude death rate 10.3

The economyGDP DKr1,552bn GDP per head $47,910GDP $259bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 81.1





Imports -43.9



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1.9% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.9% Broad money 8.1%Money market rate, 2006 3.18% Household saving rate, 2006 -2.2%


DKr per $ 5.66 Effective rates 2000 = 100DKr per SDR 8.52 – nominal 108.3DKr per 7 7.47 – real 115.1

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifManufactured goods 61.7 Intermediate goods 30.6Energy & products 8.7 Consumer goods 21.1Agric. products 8.3 Capital goods excl. ships 10.5Total incl. others 83.6 Total incl. others 74.3


Germany 17.6 Germany 20.8Sweden 13.2 Sweden 13.7United Kingdom 8.7 Netherlands 6.7United States 6.4 Norway 6.6France 5.5 United Kingdom 5.9Netherlands 5.3 United States 5.9Norway 5.1 France 4.2EU25 70.6 EU25 71.2




% of pop. 100



DENMARK 139

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


EGYPT

Area 1,000,250 sq km Capital CairoArable as % of total land 3 Currency Egyptian pound (£E)



The economyGDP £E537bn GDP per head $1,210GDP $89.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 10.4


Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 15 Private consumption 71.4Industry, of which: 36 Public consumption 12.3


Imports -33.7



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 4.2% Narrow money (M1) 10.2%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 5.3% Broad money 14.9%Treasury bill rate, 2006 9.50%


£E per $ 5.70 Effective rates 2000 = 100£E per SDR 8.58 – nominal …£E per 7 7.52 – real …

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM

TradePrincipal exportsb Principal importsb

$bn fob $bn fobPetroleum & products 5.3 Intermediate goods 6.8Cotton yarn & textiles 0.9 Investment goods 4.9Metals 0.9 Fuels 4.0Agricultural products 0.2 Consumer goods 3.2Pharmaceuticals 0.2Total incl. others 13.1 Total incl. others 20.0


United States 30.6 United States 18.9Italy 11.3 United Kingdom 9.7Spain 7.3 Germany 6.5India 5.3 Switzerland 5.3

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 16.1 Change in reserves 6.5Visible imports fob -23.8 Level of reservesTrade balance -7.7 end Dec. 21.9Invisibles inflows 16.1 No. months of import cover 7.3Invisibles outflows -12.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.4Net transfers 5.7 Foreign debt 34.1Current account balance 2.1 – as % of GDP 36



% of pop. 98



EGYPT 141

a Year ending June 30, 2006.b Year ending June 30, 2005.

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


ESTONIA

Area 45,200 sq km Capital TallinnArable as % of total land 14 Currency Kroon (EEK)



The economyGDP EEK165bn GDP per head $10,080GDP $13.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 36.9





Imports -86.1



Energym TOE






EEK per $ 11.88 Effective rates 2000 = 100EEK per SDR 17.80 – nominal …EEK per 7 15.68 – real …

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 1.6 Machinery & equipment 2.4Wood & paper 0.9 Transport equipment 1.0Clothing & footwear 0.6 Metals 0.9Food 0.5 Chemicals 0.8Furniture 0.5 Food 0.8Total incl. others 7.7 Total incl. others 10.2


Finland 26.8 Finland 19.6Sweden 13.2 Germany 14.0Latvia 8.8 Russia 9.2Russia 6.5 Sweden 8.7Germany 6.3 Lithuania 6.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 7.8 Change in reserves 0.2Visible imports fob -9.6 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.8 end Dec. 1.9Invisibles inflows 3.8 No. months of import cover 1.8Invisibles outflows -3.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 0.1 Foreign debt 11.3Current account balance -1.4 – as % of GDP 102



% of pop. 100


New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 345.4

ESTONIA 143

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


FINLAND

Area 338,145 sq km Capital HelsinkiArable as % of total land 7 Currency Euro (7)







manuf., mining & utilities 30.5 Investment 19.5Services 61.4 Exports 45.8

Imports -37.9



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1.3% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.1% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Money market rate, 2006 3.08% Broad money 7.7%

Household saving rate, 2006 -1.5%



– real 111.1

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMetals, machinery & Raw materials 22.9

transport equipment 28.7 Energy 8.0Basic manufactures 19.6 Basic manufactures 6.9Chemicals 5.0 Chemicals & plastics 6.6Crude materials 3.8Total incl. others 65.2 Total incl. others 58.5


Russia 11.0 Germany 14.9Sweden 10.8 Russia 13.9Germany 10.6 Sweden 10.6United Kingdom 6.7 China 6.0United States 5.8 United Kingdom 4.5Netherlands 4.8 United States 4.2




% of pop. 100



FINLAND 145

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


FRANCE

Area 543,965 sq km Capital ParisArable as % of total land 34 Currency Euro (7)



The economyGDP 71,710bn GDP per head $35,150GDP $2,127bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 72.5





Imports -27.4



Energym TOE



Inflation and finance Consumer price av. ann. increase 2000–05

inflation 2006 1.9% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.0% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Deposit rate, households, 2006 2.85% Broad money 7.7%




– real 102.3

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifIntermediate goods 132.8 Intermediate goods 141.2Capital goods 100.6 Capital goods 98.4Consumer goods 67.4 Consumer goods 78.3Motor vehicles & other Motor vehicles & other

transport equipment 64.5 transport equipment 78.3Food & drink 37.5 Energy 65.7Total incl. others 437.6 Total incl. others 473.8


Germany 14.5 Germany 17.2Spain 10.2 Italy 8.6Italy 9.2 Belgium-Luxembourg 8.5United Kingdom 8.8 Spain 7.1Belgium-Luxembourg 8.0 United Kingdom 5.9EU25 65.0 EU25 61.3

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 439.2 Overall balance -9.1Visible imports fob -471.4 Change in reserves -3.0Trade balance -32.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 251.5 end Dec. 74.4Invisibles outflows -235.2 No. months of import cover 1.3Net transfers -27.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 91.0Current account balance -33.3 Aid given 10.03

– as % of GDP -1.6 – as % of GDP 0.47Capital balance -37.8


% of pop. 100



FRANCE 147

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


GERMANY

Area 357,868 sq km Capital BerlinArable as % of total land 34 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -35.5



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1.8% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.6% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Deposit rate, households, 2006 2.56% Broad money 7.7%




– real 95.9

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifRoad vehicles 187.1 Chemicals 87.4Machinery 137.6 Road vehicles 79.2Chemicals 127.5 Fuels 64.2Metals 50.9 Machinery 52.2Electricity devices 48.3 Computer technology 49.3Total incl. others 977.9 Total incl. others 780.4


France 10.2 France 9.0United States 8.8 Netherlands 7.8United Kingdom 7.8 United States 7.3Italy 6.9 China 6.1Netherlands 6.1 United Kingdom 6.1Belgium 5.6 Italy 4.9Austria 5.4 Belgium 3.8

Austria 2.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 972.1 Overall balance -2.6Visible imports fob -782.8 Change in reserves 4.5Trade balance 189.3 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 327.6 end Dec. 101.7Invisibles outflows -364.9 No. months of import cover 1.1Net transfers -36.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 110.2Current account balance 116.0 Aid given 10.08



% of pop. 100



GERMANY 149

03 WIF 2008 Countries 1 6/20/07 10:17 AM


GREECE

Area 131,957 sq km Capital AthensArable as % of total land 20 Currency Euro (7)







mining & manufacturing 9.7 Investment 23.4Services 78.7 Exports 18.4

Imports -25.6



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 3.3% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 3.4% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Treasury bill rate, 2006 3.44% Broad money 7.7%



– real 123.9

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery 3.0 Machinery 10.3Food 2.7 Chemicals & plastics 7.1Transport equipment 2.1 Food 6.8Total incl. others 15.5 Total incl. others 49.8


Germany 12.4 Germany 12.7Italy 10.4 Italy 12.4United Kingdom 6.7 Russia 7.8United States 5.3 France 5.2EU25 53.0 EU25 55.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 17.6 Overall balance -0.1Visible imports fob -51.9 Change in reserves -0.4Trade balance -34.3 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 38.2 end Dec. 2.3Invisibles outflows -25.8 No. months of import cover 0.4Net transfers 4.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.5Current account balance -17.9 Aid given 0.38



% of pop. …



GREECE 151

a 2004

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


HONG KONG

Area 1,075 sq km Capital VictoriaArable as % of total land 5 Currency Hong Kong dollar (HK$)

PeoplePopulation 7.0m Life expectancy: men 79.4 yrsPop. per sq km 6,511.6 women 85.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 93.5%


The economyGDP HK$1,382bn GDP per head $25,390GDP $178bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 83.2





Imports -164.4



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.2% Narrow money (M1) 11.3%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 -0.6% Broad money 3.4%Money market rate, 2006 3.94%


HK$ per $ 7.78 Effective rates 2000 = 100HK$ per SDR 11.67 – nominal …HK$ per 7 10.27 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 7/5/07 4:14 PM

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifClothing 7.2 Raw materials & Electrical machinery semi-manufactures 27.9

& apparatus 2.4 Capital goods 16.7Jewellery 0.9 Consumer goods 16.2Textiles 0.6 Fuel 7.3Printed matter 0.4 Food 6.5Total incl. others 17.5 Total incl. others 299.9


China 45.8 China 45.0United States 15.3 Japan 11.0Japan 5.4 Taiwan 7.2Germany 3.2 Singapore 5.8

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 289.6 Change in reserves 0.7Visible imports fob -297.2 Level of reservesTrade balance -7.6 end Dec. 124.3Invisibles inflows 127.0 No. months of import cover 3.8Invisibles outflows -97.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers -2.1 Foreign debt 72.3Current account balance 20.2 – as % of GDP 41

– as % of GDP 11.4 – as % of total exports 17Capital balance -22.1 Debt service ratio 2Overall balance 1.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP … Education spending, % of GDP 4.2Doctors per 1,000 pop. … Enrolment, %: primary 94Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 85Improved-water source access, tertiary 27

% of pop. …



HONG KONG 153

a Domestic, excluding re-exports.Note: Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of China on July 1 1997.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


HUNGARY

Area 93,030 sq km Capital BudapestArable as % of total land 51 Currency Forint (Ft)



The economyGDP Ft21,802bn GDP per head $10,820GDP $109bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 42.7


Origins of GDPa Components of GDP% of total % of total



Imports -68.5



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 3.9% Narrow money (M1) 14.3%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 4.8% Broad money 13.0%Treasury bill rate, 2006 6.87% Household saving rate, 2006 13.2%


Ft per $ 191.62 Effective rates 2000 = 100Ft per SDR 288.27 – nominal 109.9Ft per 7 252.94 – real 137.1

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 37.7 Machinery & equipment 33.1Other manufactures 17.4 Other manufactures 21.9Food, drink & tobacco 3.8 Fuels 6.7Fuels & electricity 1.7 Food, drink & tobacco 2.6Raw materials 1.3 Raw materials 1.2Total incl. others 62.2 Total incl. others 65.8


Germany 29.3 Germany 27.6Austria 6.4 Russia 7.2Italy 5.6 China 7.0France 4.9 Austria 6.7




% of pop. 99



HUNGARY 155

a 2003

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


INDIA

Area 3,287,263 sq km Capital New DelhiArable as % of total land 54 Currency Indian rupee (Rs)



The economyGDP Rs35,672bn GDP per head $730GDP $806bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 8.2


Origins of GDPa Components of GDPb



Imports -16.3


Agriculture … Unemployed 2004 5.0Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 3.3Services …

Energym TOE




inflation 2006 6.1% Narrow money (M1) 15.6%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 4.4% Broad money 15.3%Lending rate, 2006 11.19%


Rs per $ 44.25 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rs per SDR 66.56 – nominal …Rs per 7 58.41 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifEngineering goods 20.9 Petroleum & products 26.2Textiles 15.6 Capital goods 13.8Gems & jewellery 15.1 Electronic goods 9.9Petroleum & products 11.2 Gold & silver 8.4Agricultural goods 9.9 Gems 6.9Total incl. others 102.9 Total incl. others 145.7


United States 19.1 China 7.3China 9.4 United States 6.5United Arab Emirates 8.4 Belgium 5.2United Kingdom 4.9 Singapore 4.8

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 105.2 Change in reserves 6.2Visible imports fob -157.0 Level of reservesTrade balance -51.8 end Dec. 137.8Invisibles inflows 67.1 No. months of import cover 8.0Invisibles outflows -48.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 11.5Net transfers 24.3 Foreign debt 123.1Current account balance -9.2 – as % of GDP 16



% of pop. 86



INDIA 157

a Year ending March 31, 2006.b Year ending March 31, 2005.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


INDONESIA

Area 1,904,443 sq km Capital JakartaArable as % of total land 13 Currency Rupiah (Rp)



The economyGDP Rp2,730trn GDP per head $1,290GDP $287bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 9.2





Imports -29.2



Energym TOE






Rp per $ 9,020 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rp per SDR 13,570 – nominal …Rp per 7 11,906 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifPetroleum & products 10.1 Raw materials 44.1Natural gas 9.2 Capital goods 8.3Garments & textiles 8.6 Consumer goods 4.6Total incl. others 84.6 Total incl. others 69.5


Japan 22.3 Japan 18.0United States 13.9 China 16.1China 9.1 Singapore 12.8Singapore 8.9 Thailand 7.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 86.2 Change in reserves -1.7Visible imports fob -63.9 Level of reservesTrade balance 22.3 end Dec. 34.6Invisibles inflows 15.3 No. months of import cover 4.1Invisibles outflows -37.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.1Net transfers 1.2 Foreign debt 138.3Current account balance 0.9 – as % of GDP 55

– as % of GDP 0.3 – as % of total exports 159Capital balance -4.5 Debt service ratio 17Overall balance -5.6


% of pop. 77



INDONESIA 159

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


IRAN

Area 1,648,000 sq km Capital TehranArable as % of total land 10 Currency Rial (IR)



The economyGDP IR1,701trn GDP per head $2,730GDP $190bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 19.0





Imports -30



Energym TOE






IR per $ 9,223 Effective rates 2000 = 100IR per SDR 13,875 – nominal 73.87IR per 7 12,174 – real 140.71

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifOil & gas 36.8 Capital goods 12.1Chemicals & petrochemicals 1.4 Industrial goods 12.0Fruits 0.8 Consumer goods 6.4Total incl. others 44.4 Total incl. others 35.2


Japan 16.0 Germany 14.6China 10.6 United Arab Emirates 8.8Italy 5.7 China 8.7South Korea 5.5 Italy 7.4Turkey 5.4 France 6.6

Balance of paymentsb, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 60.0 Change in reserves …Visible imports fob -41.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 19.0 end Dec. …Invisibles net -5.9 No. months of import cover …Net transfers 0.9 Official gold holdings, m oz …Current account balance 14.0 Foreign debt 21.3

– as % of GDP 7.1 – as % of GDP 13Capital balance -0.4 – as % of total exports 39

Debt service ratio 4


% of pop. 94



IRAN 161

a 2004b Iranian year ending March 20, 2006.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


IRELAND

Area 70,282 sq km Capital DublinArable as % of total land 18 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -66.2



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.7% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 3.2% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Money market rate, 2004 2.21% Broad money 7.7%Deposit rate, households, 2006 2.64%


7 per $ 0.76 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.14 – nominal …

– real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Chemicals 50.1 Machinery & transportMachinery & transport equipment 30.8

equipment 29.2 Chemicals 9.1Manufactured materials 12.9 Miscellaneous manufactures 8.6Food & live animals 7.9 Fuels 4.8Total incl. others 109.6 Total incl. others 69.2


United States 18.7 United Kingdom 31.2United Kingdom 17.4 Germany 14.1Belgium 15.1 United States 14.1Germany 7.5 China 6.6France 6.4 Netherlands 4.0EU25 63.3 EU25 57.4

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 104.1 Overall balance -1.8Visible imports fob -67.3 Change in reserves -2.0Trade balance 36.8 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 111.2 end Dec. 0.9Invisibles outflows -156.0 No. months of import cover 0.0Net transfers 0.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Current account balance -5.3 Aid given 0.72

– as % of GDP -2.7 – as % of GDP 0.42Capital balance -2.7


% of pop. …



IRELAND 163

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


ISRAEL

Area 20,770 sq km Capital JerusalemArable as % of total land 15 Currency New Shekel (NIS)



The economyGDP NIS554bn GDP per head $18,420GDP $123bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 61.7





Imports -44.3



Energym TOE






NIS per $ 4.23 Effective rates 2000 = 100NIS per SDR 6.36 – nominal 84.68NIS per 7 5.58 – real 79.45

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fobDiamonds 12.1 Diamonds 9.6Chemicals 6.8 Fuel 6.8Communications, medical & Machinery & equipment 4.9

scientific equipment 6.0 Chemicals 2.9Electronics 2.4Total incl. others 42.8 Total incl. others 47.1


United States 42.4 United States 19.7Belgium 8.6 Belgium 9.9Hong Kong 4.9 Germany 7.2United Kingdom 4.6 Switzerland 6.6 Germany 3.9 United Kingdom 6.0




% of pop. 100



ISRAEL 165

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


ITALY

Area 301,245 sq km Capital RomeArable as % of total land 26 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -26.4



Energym TOE








– real 132.4

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Engineering products 107.5 Engineering products 73.9Textiles & clothing 47.9 Energy products 51.1Transport equipment 40.2 Transport equipment 51.1Chemicals 37.5 Chemicals 50.8Food, drink & tobacco 20.0 Food, drink & tobacco 24.9Total incl. others 372.9 Total incl. others 384.8


Germany 13.6 Germany 18.0France 12.4 France 11.0United States 7.9 Netherlands 5.9Spain 7.3 United Kingdom 4.3United Kingdom 7.1 United States 3.5EU25 58.6 EU25 57.2

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 372.8 Overall balance -1.0Visible imports fob -372.7 Change in reserves 3.6Trade balance 0.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 151.4 end Dec. 66.0Invisibles outflows -169.0 No. months of import cover 1.5Net transfers -10.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 78.8Current account balance -27.7 Aid given 5.09



% of pop. …



ITALY 167

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


JAPAN

Area 377,727 sq km Capital TokyoArable as % of total land 12 Currency Yen (¥)



The economyGDP ¥500trn GDP per head $35,390GDP $4,534bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 74.6





Imports -12.9



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 0.2% Narrow money (M1) 7.8%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 -0.3% Broad money -3.2%Money market rate, 2006 0.12% Household saving rate, 2006 2.9%


¥ per $ 118.0 Effective rates 2000 = 100¥ per SDR 179.0 – nominal 77.7¥ per 7 157.0 – real 65.7

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifTransport machinery 137.9 Mineral fuels 132.1Electrical equipment 132.1 Machinery & equipment 118.4Non-electrical machinery 120.9 Food 50.4Chemicals 53.1 Chemicals 39.2Metals 27.6 Raw materials 31.5Total incl. others 594.9 Total incl. others 514.9


United States 22.6 China 21.0China 13.5 United States 12.4South Korea 7.8 Australia 4.7Taiwan 7.3 South Korea 4.7Hong Kong 6.0 Taiwan 3.5

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 567.6 Overall balance 22.3Visible imports fob -473.6 Change in reserves 2.2Trade balance 94.0 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 251.3 end Dec. 846.9Invisibles outflows -171.9 No. months of import cover 15.7Net transfers -7.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 24.6Current account balance 165.8 Aid given 13.15



% of pop. 100



JAPAN 169

a 2003

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


KENYA

Area 582,646 sq km Capital NairobiArable as % of total land 8 Currency Kenyan shilling (KSh)



The economyGDP KSh1,415bn GDP per head $550GDP $18.7bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 3.0



Agriculture 26.0 Private consumption 75.3Industry, of which: … Public consumption 17.6

manufacturing 9.9 Investment 16.1Other 64.1 Exports 26.2

Imports -33.9


Agriculture … Unemployed 2004 …Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 …Services …

Energym TOE






KSh per $ 69.4 Effective rates 2000 = 100KSh per SDR 104.4 – nominal …KSh per 7 91.6 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$m fob $m cifHorticultural products 590 Industrial supplies 1,781Tea 560 Machinery & transport equip. 735Coffee 128 Consumer goods 399Fish products 61 Food & drink 342Total incl. others 3,293 Total incl. others 6,149


Uganda 14.0 United Arab Emirates 13.0United Kingdom 10.4 United States 10.2United States 9.2 Saudi Arabia 9.4Netherlands 7.8 South Africa 8.6




% of pop. 61



KENYA 171

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


LATVIA

Area 63,700 sq km Capital RigaArable as % of total land 18 Currency Lats (LVL)



The economyGDP LVL8.9bn GDP per head $6,880GDP $15.8bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 32.6





Imports -62.4



Energym TOE






LVL per $ 0.54 Effective rates 2000 = 100LVL per SDR 0.81 – nominal …LVL per 7 0.71 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifWood & wood products 1.3 Machinery & equipment 1.7Metals 0.7 Mineral products 1.3Machinery & equipment 0.5 Transport equipment 0.9Textiles 0.4 Base metals 0.8Total incl. others 5.1 Total incl. others 8.6


Estonia 10.8 Germany 13.8Lithuania 10.8 Lithuania 13.7Germany 10.3 Russia 8.6United Kingdom 10.1 Estonia 7.9Russia 8.0 Poland 6.3EU25 76.2 EU25 75.0




% of pop. 99



LATVIA 173

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


LITHUANIA

Area 65,200 sq km Capital VilniusArable as % of total land 30 Currency Litas (LTL)



The economyGDP LTL71.1bn GDP per head $7,540GDP $25.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 34.6





Imports -65.3



Energym TOE






LTL per $ 2.63 Effective rates 2000 = 100LTL per SDR 3.96 – nominal …LTL per 7 3.47 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMineral products 3.2 Mineral products 4.0Machinery & equipment 1.5 Machinery & equipment 2.8Textiles 1.1 Transport equipment 1.8Transport equipment 1.0 Chemicals 1.2Total incl. others 11.8 Total incl. others 15.5


Russia 10.4 Russia 27.8Latvia 10.3 Germany 15.2Germany 9.4 Poland 8.3France 7.0 Latvia 4.0Estonia 5.9 Netherlands 3.7EU25 65.4 EU25 59.3




% of pop. …



LITHUANIA 175

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


MALAYSIA

Area 332,665 sq km Capital Kuala LumpurArable as % of total land 6 Currency Malaysiandollar/ringgit(M$)



The economyGDP M$495bn GDP per head $5,150GDP $130bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 26.0





Imports -99.7



Energym TOE






M$ per $ 3.53 Effective rates 2000 = 100M$ per SDR 5.31 – nominal 99.5M$ per 7 4.66 – real 101.6

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifElectronics & electrical mach. 48.5 Intermediate goods 71.0Chemicals & products 4.9 Capital goods & transport 14.0Palm oil 4.4 equipmentWood products 2.7 Consumption goods 5.7

Re-exports 5.0Total incl. others 140.9 Total incl. others 114.4


United States 22.4 Singapore 29.2Singapore 17.6 Japan 12.1China 13.0 China 10.2Japan 9.5 United States 10.0Thailand 5.2 Thailand 5.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 141.8 Change in reserves 3.6Visible imports fob -108.7 Level of reservesTrade balance 33.2 end Dec. 70.5Invisibles inflows 24.9 No. months of import cover 5.9Invisibles outflows -33.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.2Net transfers -4.5 Foreign debt 51.0Current account balance 20.0 – as % of GDP 46



% of pop. 99



MALAYSIA 177

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


MEXICO

Area 1,972,545 sq km Capital Mexico cityArable as % of total land 13 Currency Mexican peso (PS)



The economyGDP 8,374bn pesos GDP per head $7,180GDP $768bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 25.7




manufacturing & mining 19.2 Investment 19.3Services 70.3 Exports 29.9

Imports -31.5



Energym TOE






PS per $ 10.88 Effective rates 2000 = 100PS per SDR 16.37 – nominal …PS per 7 14.36 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fobManufactured products 175.2 Intermediate goods 164.1(Maquiladoraa 97.4) (Maquiladoraa 75.7)Crude oil & products 31.9 Consumer goods 31.5Agricultural products 6.0 Capital goods 26.2Total incl. others 213.9 Total 221.4


United States 85.7 United States 59.5Canada 2.0 Germany 3.8Spain 1.3 Japan 3.4Japan 1.1 South Korea 3.1




% of pop. 97



MEXICO 179

a Manufacturing assembly plants near the Mexican-US border where goods forprocessing may be imported duty-free and all output is exported.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


MOROCCO

Area 446,550 sq km Capital RabatArable as % of total land 19 Currency Dirham (Dh)



The economyGDP Dh458bn GDP per head $1,640GDP $51.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 10.9





Imports -36.6



Energym TOE






Dh per $ 8.46 Effective rates 2000 = 100Dh per SDR 12.72 – nominal 95.4Dh per 7 11.17 – real 93.1

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cifTextiles 2.0 Semi-finished goods 4.5Phosphoric acid 0.9 Energy & lubricants 4.4Electrical components 0.7 Consumer goods 4.1Phosphate rock 0.5 Capital goods 4.0Citrus fruits 0.3 Food, drink & tobacco 1.7Total incl. others 10.5 Total incl. others 20.3


France 37.5 France 30.0Spain 16.4 Spain 11.6United Kingdom 5.1 Italy 5.4Italy 4.0 China 5.3

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 10.7 Change in reserves -0.1Visible imports fob -18.9 Level of reservesTrade balance -8.2 end Dec. 16.6Invisibles inflows 8.8 No. months of import cover 8.4Invisibles outflows -4.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.7Net transfers 5.3 Foreign debt 16.8Current account balance 1.0 – as % of GDP 34



% of pop. 81



MOROCCO 181

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


NETHERLANDS

Areaa 41,526 sq km Capital AmsterdamArable as % of total land 27 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -62.2



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1.7% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.1% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Lending rate, 2004 2.75% Broad money 7.7%Deposit rate, households, 2006 3.23% Household saving rate, 2006 7.0%



– real 114.4

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM

TradePrincipal exportsb Principal importsb

$bn fob $bn cif Machinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 103 equipment 108Chemicals 54 Chemicals 36Food, drink & tobacco 46 Food, drink & tobacco 33Fuels 29 Fuels 26Total incl. others 318 Total incl. others 284


Germany 28.7 Germany 19.6Belgium 14.0 Belgium 10.8France 10.7 China 10.2United Kingdom 10.7 United States 9.1EU25 75.8 EU25 56.9




% of pop. 100



NETHERLANDS 183

a Includes water.b 2004

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


NEW ZEALAND

Area 270,534 sq km Capital WellingtonArable as % of total land 6 Currency New Zealand dollar (NZ$)



The economyGDP NZ$155bn GDP per head $27,320GDP $109bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 59.7



Agriculture & mining 6.7 Private consumption 61.4Manufacturing 14.7 Public consumption 17.3Other 78.6 Investment 27.4




Energym TOE






NZ$ per $ 1.42 Effective rates 2000 = 100NZ$ per SDR 2.13 – nominal 128.3NZ$ per 7 1.87 – real 132.5

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Dairy produce 3.6 Machinery & electrical Meat 3.3 equipment 5.9Forestry products 1.3 Transport equipment 4.7Fish 0.8 Mineral fuels 3.1Total incl. others 21.7 Total incl. others 26.2


Australia 21.4 Australia 20.6United States 14.2 United States 11.0Japan 10.6 Japan 10.9China 5.1 China 10.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 22.0 Overall balance 2.4Visible imports fob -24.7 Change in reserves 3.6Trade balance -2.7 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 10.0 end Dec. 8.9Invisibles outflows -17.3 No. months of import cover 2.5Net transfers 0.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Current account balance -9.6 Aid given 0.27



% of pop. …



NEW ZEALAND 185

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


NIGERIA

Area 923,768 sq km Capital AbujaArable as % of total land 34 Currency Naira (N)



The economyGDP N12,990bn GDP per head $750GDP $99.0bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 2.7



Agriculture 41.2 Private consumption 61.9Manufacturing 3.8 Public consumption 15.1Other 55.0 Investment 16.0




Energym TOE




inflation 2006 8.3% Narrow money (M1) 18.9%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 13.7% Broad money 20.5%Treasury bill rate 2005 7.63%


N per $ 134.0 Effective rates 2000 = 100N per SDR 201.0 – nominal 67.3N per 7 176.9 – real 130.4

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Oil 46.8 Manufactured goods 6.1Gas 0.5 Chemicals 4.6

Machinery & transportequipment 4.2

Agric products &foodstuffs 1.3

Total incl. others 48.1 Total incl. others 17.7

Main export destinationsa Main origins of importsa

% of total % of totalUnited States 54.0 China 10.5Brazil 10.4 United States 7.4Spain 8.3 United Kingdom 6.9France 3.2 Netherlands 6.2




% of pop. 48



NIGERIA 187

a Estimate.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


NORWAY

Area 323,878 sq km Capital OsloArable as % of total land 3 Currency Norwegian krone (Nkr)



The economyGDP Nkr1,904bn GDP per head $64,240GDP $296bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 98.9





Imports -27.8



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.3% Narrow money (M1) 9.8%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.6% Broad money 6.6%Interbank rate, 2006 3.10% Household saving rate, 2006 5.2%


Nkr per $ 6.26 Effective rates 2000 = 100Nkr per SDR 9.42 – nominal 109.4Nkr per 7 8.26 – real 130.8

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Oil, gas & products 70.5 Machinery & transport equip. 21.5Machinery & transport equip. 9.6 Metals 6.2Metals 7.8 Chemicals 5.7Food, drink & tobacco 3.6 Textiles 3.2Total incl. others 101.9 Total incl. others 54.8


United Kingdom 24.3 Sweden 14.7Germany 14.7 Germany 14.0France 9.2 Denmark 7.7Netherlands 8.4 United Kingdom 7.2United States 6.9 Netherlands 4.7Sweden 6.7 United States 4.7EU25 80.2 EU25 71.9




% of pop. 100



NORWAY 189

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


PAKISTAN

Area 803,940 sq km Capital IslamabadArable as % of total land 28 Currency Pakistan rupee (PRs)



The economyGDP PRs6,548bn GDP per head $700GDP $111bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 5.7




manufacturing & mining 20.2 Investment 16.9Other 53.4 Exports 15.3

Imports -19.9



Energym TOE






PRs per $ 60.92 Effective rates 2000 = 100PRs per SDR 91.65 – nominal 76.80PRs per 7 80.41 – real 96.31

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fob Cotton fabrics 1.9 Machinery & transport equip. 6.0Knitwear 1.6 Fuels etc 4.3Bedwear 1.5 Chemicals 3.6Cotton yarn & thread 1.1 Manufactures 2.3Rice 0.9Total incl. others 13.4 Total incl. others 17.9

Main export destinationsa Main origins of importsa

% of total % of totalUnited States 24.0 Saudi Arabia 12.3United Arab Emirates 7.6 China 8.9United Kingdom 6.2 United Arab Emirates 8.3Afghanistan 5.2 United States 7.6Germany 4.8 Japan 7.0




% of pop. 91

SocietyNo. of households 27.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 39.4Av. no. per household 7.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 3.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 8.3Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. …


PAKISTAN 191

a Fiscal year ending June 30, 2005.

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


PERU

Area 1,285,216 sq km Capital LimaArable as % of total land 3 Currency Nuevo Sol (New Sol)



The economyGDP New Soles 262bn GDP per head $2,840GDP $79.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 14.4





Imports -18.8



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.0% Narrow money (M1) 18.5%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.0% Broad money -3.6%Deposit rate, 2006 3.21%


New Soles per $ 3.20 Effective rates 2000 = 100New Soles per SDR 4.81 – nominal …New Soles per 7 4.22 – real …

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fobCopper 3.4 Intermediate goods 6.6Gold 3.1 Capital goods 3.1Fishmeal 1.3 Consumer goods 2.3Zinc 0.8 Other goods 0.1Total incl. others 16.6 Total incl. others 12.1


United States 31.0 United States 19.9China 10.8 China 9.3Chile 6.6 Brazil 8.7Canada 5.9 Ecuador 8.1




% of pop. 83



PERU 193

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


PHILIPPINES

Area 300,000 sq km Capital ManilaArable as % of total land 19 Currency Philippine peso (P)



The economyGDP P5,419bn GDP per head $1,190GDP $99.0bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 12.3





Imports -52.0



Energym TOE






P per $ 49.13 Effective rates 2000 = 100P per SDR 73.91 – nominal 83.9P per 7 64.85 – real 105.4

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


$bn fob $bn fob Electrical & electronic Semi-processed raw

equipment 27.3 materials 16.8Semiconductors 20.2 Telecom & electrical machinery 8.9Clothing 2.2 Crude petroleum 3.8Coconut products 0.7 Manufactured goods 3.8Petroleum products 0.6 Chemicals 3.3Total incl. others 39.9 Total incl. others 47.0


United States 18.0 United States 17.8Japan 17.5 Japan 17.0China 9.9 Singapore 8.0Netherlands 9.8 Taiwan 7.5Hong Kong 8.1 China 6.4Singapore 6.6 South Korea 4.9




% of pop. 85



PHILIPPINES 195

04 WIF 2008 Countries 2 6/20/07 10:17 AM


POLAND

Area 312,683 sq km Capital WarsawArable as % of total land 40 Currency Zloty (Zl)



The economyGDP Zl981bn GDP per head $7,880GDP $303bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 33.1





Imports -37.5



Energym TOE






Zl per $ 2.91 Effective rates 2000 = 100Zl per SDR 4.38 – nominal 111.1Zl per 7 3.84 – real 112.0

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & Machinery &

transport equipment 34.9 transport equipment 36.1Manufactured goods 20.2 Manufactured goods 20.9Other manufactured goods 13.0 Chemicals 14.4Agric. products & foodstuffs 7.8 Mineral fuels 11.6Total incl. others 89.3 Total incl. others 100.9


Germany 28.1 Germany 29.3France 6.2 Russia 8.6Italy 6.1 Italy 6.5United Kingdom 5.6 Netherlands 5.9




% of pop. …



POLAND 197

a 2002

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


PORTUGAL

Area 88,940 sq km Capital LisbonArable as % of total land 17 Currency Euro (7)








Imports -42.7



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 3.1% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.9% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Deposit rate, h’holds, 2006 2.13% Broad money 7.7%




– real 112.3

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery 6.0 Machinery 14.6Clothing 4.7 Agricultural goods 8.9Transport goods 4.1 Transport goods 8.4Agricultural goods 2.8 Pharmaceuticals 2.4Total incl. others 32.2 Total incl. others 53.4


France 24.9 Spain 29.0Germany 14.0 Germany 13.5Spain 13.5 France 8.5United Kingdom 9.6 Italy 5.2United States 4.0 United Kingdom 4.6EU25 79.4 EU25 73.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 38.2 Overall balance -1.7Visible imports fob -59.0 Change in reserves -1.3Trade balance -20.9 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 22.8 end Dec. 10.4Invisibles outflows -21.7 No. months of import cover 1.5Net transfers 2.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 13.4Current account balance -17.0 Aid given 0.38


Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.8 Education spending, % of GDP 5.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 123Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.7 secondarya 97Improved-water source access, tertiary 47

% of pop. …



PORTUGAL 199

a Includes training for unemployed.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


ROMANIA

Area 237,500 sq km Capital BucharestArable as % of total land 40 Currency Leu (RON)



The economyGDP RON287bn GDP per head $4,540GDP $98.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 21.6





Imports -44.0



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 6.6% Narrow money (M1) 39.6%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 12.9% Broad money 29.2%Bank rate, 2006 8.6%


RON per $ 2.57 Effective rates 2000 = 100RON per SDR 3.86 – nominal 63.24RON per 7 3.39 – real 135.63

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/27/07 4:52 PM


$bn fob $bn cifTextiles 5.2 Machinery & equipment 9.5Basic metals & products 4.9 Fuels & minerals 6.3Machinery & equipment 4.1 Textiles & footwear 4.1Minerals & fuels 3.0 Chemicals 3.0Total incl. others 27.7 Total incl. others 40.5


Italy 19.2 Germany 15.5Germany 14.0 Italy 14.0France 7.9 Russia 8.3EU25 67.6 EU25 62.2




% of pop. 57



ROMANIA 201

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


RUSSIA

Area 17,075,400 sq km Capital MoscowArable as % of total land 7 Currency Rouble (Rb)



The economyGDP Rb21,598bn GDP per head $5,330GDP $764bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 25.9





Imports -21.6



Energym TOE

Total output 1,158.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 641.5 of energy use -81Consumption per head,





Rb per $ 26.33 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rb per SDR 39.61 – nominal 99.71Rb per 7 34.76 – real 166.16

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn fobFuels 154.2 Machinery & equipment 60.6Metals 34.3 Food & drink 24.3Chemicals 14.4 Chemicals 22.7Machinery & equipment 13.6 Metals 9.5Total incl. others 243.6 Total incl. others 137.8


Netherlands 10.1 Germany 13.4Italy 9.6 Ukraine 7.9Germany 8.1 China 7.3China 5.4 United States 4.6




% of pop. 97



RUSSIA 203

a Production based.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SAUDI ARABIA

Area 2,200,000 sq km Capital RiyadhArable as % of total land 2 Currency Riyal (SR)



The economyGDP SR1,161bn GDP per head $12,590GDP $310bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 37.5





Imports -26.4



Energym TOE






SR per $ 3.75 Effective rates 2000 = 100SR per SDR 5.63 – nominal 88.1SRE per 7 4.95 – real 80.3

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil & refined Machinery & transport

petroleum 120.6 equipment 26.9Oil products 24.0 Foodstuffs 8.8Total incl. others 180.6 Total incl. others 59.5


United States 17.0 United States 13.2Japan 16.8 Japan 9.8South Korea 8.7 Germany 8.1China 7.2 United Kingdom 7.4

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 174.6 Overall balance -0.5Visible imports fob -51.3 Change in reserves -0.4Trade balance 123.3 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 10.9 end Dec. 28.9Invisibles outflows -32.6 No. months of import cover 4.1Net transfers -14.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 4.6Current account balance 87.1 Aid givena 1.73

– as % of GDP 28.1 – as % of GDPa 0.69Capital balance -87.6


% of pop. …



SAUDI ARABIA 205

a 2004

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SINGAPORE

Area 639 sq km Capital SingaporeArable as % of total land 1 Currency Singapore dollar (S$)

PeoplePopulation 4.3m Life expectancy: men 78.0 yrsPop. per sq km 6,729.3 women 81.9 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 92.5%


The economyGDP S$194bn GDP per head $27,150GDP $117bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 70.8



Agriculture 0 Private consumption 41.9Industry, of which: 30.4 Public consumption 10.6


Imports -213.1



Energym TOE






S$ per $ 1.53 Effective rates 2000 = 100S$ per SDR 2.31 – nominal 104.0S$ per 7 2.02 – real 95.1

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 135.2 Machinery & equipment 111.8Mineral fuels 27.6 Petroleum 18.5Chemicals 26.2 Manufactured products 15.0Manufactured products 10.5 Chemicals 12.5Food 2.3 Food 4.0Total incl. others 229.6 Total incl. others 200.0


Malaysia 14.3 Malaysia 14.2United States 11.0 United States 12.1Hong Kong 10.1 China 10.7China 9.3 Japan 10.0Japan 5.9 Saudi Arabia 4.7Thailand 4.4 Thailand 3.9South Korea 3.8 Hong Kong 2.2

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 232.3 Change in reserves 3.6Visible imports fob -194.4 Level of reservesTrade balance 37.9 end Dec. 115.8Invisibles inflows 74.3 No. months of import cover 5.1Invisibles outflows -77.8 Official gold holdings, m oz …Net transfers -1.2 Foreign debt 23.8Current account balance 33.2 – as % of GDP 20


Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.7 Education spending, % of GDP 3.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.4 Enrolment, %: primary 80Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.8 secondary …Improved-water source access, tertiary 44

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 1.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.7Av. no. per household 3.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 42.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.1 per 100 pop. 100.8Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. …


SINGAPORE 207

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SLOVAKIA

Area 49,035 sq km Capital BratislavaArable as % of total land 29 Currency Koruna (Sk)



The economyGDP Sk1,440bn GDP per head $8,590GDP $46.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 37.9



Agriculture 3.9 Private consumption 56.4Industry, of which: 31.2 Public consumption 18.5Services 64.9 Investment 26.8




Energym TOE




inflation 2006 4.4% Narrow money 20.3%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 5.3% Broad money 7.2%Money market rate, 2006 4.83% Household saving rate, 2006 7.3%


Sk per $ 26.25 Effective rates 2000 = 100Sk per SDR 39.48 – nominal 124.33Sk per 7 34.65 – real 152.89

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/27/07 4:53 PM


$bn fob $bn fobMachinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 14.3 equipment 13.7Semi-manufactures 8.0 Semi-manufactures 6.5Other manufactured goods 3.3 Fuels 5.0Chemicals 1.9 Chemicals 3.5Total incl. others 32.0 Total incl. others 36.2


Germany 26.1 Germany 21.0Czech Republic 14.1 Czech Republic 12.7Italy 7.1 Russia 10.7Austria 6.6 Poland 4.1EU25 85.4 EU25 71.1




% of pop. 100



SLOVAKIA 209

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SLOVENIA

Area 20,253 sq km Capital LjubljanaArable as % of total land 9 Currency Tolars (SIT)



The economyGDP SIT6,620bn GDP per head $17,180GDP $34.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 53.2





Imports -65.2



Energym TOE






SIT per $ 181.9 Effective rates 2000 = 100SIT per SDR 273.7 – nominal …SIT per 7 240.2 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn fobManufactures 7.2 Machinery & transportMachinery & transport equipment 6.4

equipment 7.0 Manufactures 6.4Chemicals 2.4 Chemicals 2.5Food & live animals 0.4 Mineral fuels 2.0Total incl. others 17.9 Total incl. others 19.6


Germany 19.9 Germany 20.0Italy 12.6 Italy 19.1Croatia 9.1 Austria 12.3France 8.2 France 7.4Austria 8.0 Croatia 3.8EU25 67.7 EU25 80.9

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 18.1 Change in reserves -0.7Visible imports fob -19.4 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.3 end Dec. 8.2Invisibles inflows 4.8 No. months of import cover 4.2Invisibles outflows -4.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Net transfers -0.1 Foreign debt 18.4Current account balance -0.7 – as % of GDP 54



% of pop. …



SLOVENIA 211

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SOUTH AFRICA

Area 1,225,815 sq km Capital PretoriaArable as % of total land 12 Currency Rand (R)



The economyGDP R1,523bn GDP per head $5,050GDP $240bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 26.5





Imports -28.6



Energym TOE






R per $ 6.97 Effective rates 2000 = 100R per SDR 10.49 – nominal 97.2R per 7 9.2 – real 97.2

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Manufactures 33.4 Manufactures 46.4Mining 16.2 Mining 8.0Agriculture 2.4 Agriculture 0.7Total incl. others 52.1 Total incl. others 55.3


Japan 9.9 Germany 14.1United Kingdom 9.7 China 9.0United States 9.5 United States 7.8Germany 6.5 Canada 6.2

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 55.3 Change in reserves 5.7Visible imports fob -56.5 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.2 end Dec. 20.6Invisibles inflows 15.8 No. months of import cover 3.2Invisibles outflows -21.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 4.0Net transfers -2.0 Foreign debt 30.6Current account balance -9.1 – as % of GDP 14



% of pop. 88



SOUTH AFRICA 213

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SOUTH KOREA

Area 99,274 sq km Capital SeoulArable as % of total land 17 Currency Won (W)



The economyGDP W807trn GDP per head $16,480GDP $788bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 52.6





Imports -40.0



Energym TOE






W per $ 930 Effective rates 2000 = 100W per SDR 1,399 – nominal …W per 7 1,227 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifElectronic products 88.3 Electrical machinery 54.4Machinery 32.1 Crude petroleum 42.7Motor vehicles 27.2 Machinery & equipment 31.8Chemicals 24.8 Consumer durables 26.8Metal goods 22.5 Semiconductors 25.1Total incl. others 284.4 Total incl. others 261.2


China 21.8 Japan 18.5United States 14.5 China 14.8Japan 8.5 United States 11.7Hong Kong 5.5 Saudi Arabia 6.2Taiwan 3.8 Australia 3.8




% of pop. 92



SOUTH KOREA 215

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SPAIN

Area 504,782 sq km Capital MadridArable as % of total land 27 Currency Euro (7)



The economyGDP 7904bn GDP per head $26,090GDP $1,125bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 64.9





Imports -28.7



Energym TOE








– real 123.7

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Raw materials & Raw materials & intermediate

intermediate products 91.9 products (excl. fuels) 130.6Consumer goods 73.0 Consumer goods 83.1Capital goods 18.5 Energy 39.7Energy 7.8 Capital goods 33.9Total incl. others 191.0 Total incl. others 287.7


France 19.2 Germany 14.6Germany 11.4 France 14.2Italy 8.5 Italy 8.9United Kingdom 8.4 United Kingdom 5.7EU25 72.1 EU25 60.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 194.5 Overall balance -1.9Visible imports fob -280.1 Change in reserves -2.5Trade balance -85.6 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 132.4 end Dec. 17.2Invisibles outflows -125.8 No. months of import cover 0.5Net transfers -4.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 14.7Current account balance -83.1 Aid given 3.02



% of pop. 100



SPAIN 217

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SWEDEN

Area 449,964 sq km Capital StockholmArable as % of total land 7 Currency Swedish krona (Skr)



The economyGDP Skr2,673bn GDP per head $39,740GDP $358bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 77.6





Imports -40.9



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1.5% Narrow money 10.6%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.5% Broad money 5.5%Repurchase rate, 2005 1.50% Household saving rate, 2006 7.8%


Skr per $ 6.86 Effective rates 2000 = 100Skr per SDR 10.33 – nominal 102.2Skr per 7 9.06 – real 95.9

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cif Machinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 58.4 equipment 43.8Manufactured goods 26.6 Manufacturing goods 16.9Chemicals 14.6 Miscellaneous manufactures 13.6Miscellaneous manufactures 11.3 Mineral fuels 13.1Total incl. others 130.2 Total incl. others 111.2


United States 10.6 Germany 18.1Germany 10.4 Denmark 9.4Norway 8.7 Norway 8.1United Kingdom 7.4 United Kingdom 6.9Denmark 6.9 Netherlands 6.8EU25 58.4 EU25 71.3




% of pop. 100



SWEDEN 219

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


SWITZERLAND

Area 41,293 sq km Capital BerneArable as % of total land 10 Currency Swiss franc (SFr)



The economyGDP SFr457bn GDP per head $50,280GDP $367bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 85.1





Imports -41.1



Energym TOE






SFr per $ 1.22 Effective rates 2000 = 100SFr per SDR 1.84 – nominal 106.5SFr per 7 1.61 – real 116.9

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn $bn Chemicals 44.1 Chemicals 26.3Machinery 28.1 Machinery 23.8Watches & jewellery 9.9 Motor vehicles 10.8Metals & metal manufactures 9.4 Textiles 9.9Precision instruments 9.2 Precision instruments 8.8Total incl. others 126.1 Total incl. others 119.8


Germany 20.0 Germany 33.3United States 10.7 Italy 11.2France 8.5 France 9.4Italy 8.1 Netherlands 5.2United Kingdom 5.1 Austria 4.6Spain 4.3 United States 4.6EU25 62.1 EU25 82.8




% of pop. 100



SWITZERLAND 221

a Latest available.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


TAIWAN

Area 36,179 sq km Capital TaipeiArable as % of total land 25 Currency Taiwan dollar (T$)

PeoplePopulation 22.9m Life expectancy:a men 74.7 yrsPop. per sq km 633.0 women 80.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 96.1%

in pop. 2005–10 0.60% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.6Pop. under 15 21.0% Urban population …Pop. over 60 12.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 104 Crude birth rate 13.0Human Development Index … Crude death ratea 6.5

The economyGDP T$11,132bn GDP per head $15,110GDP $346bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 70.0



Agriculture 1.7 Private consumption 62.1Industry 25.0 Public consumption 13.4Services 73.3 Investment 20.5




Energym TOE

Total output … Net energy imports as % Total consumption … of energy use …Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent …




T$ per $ 32.59 Effective rates 2000 = 100T$ per SDR 48.89 – nominal …T$ per 7 43.03 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & electrical Machinery & electrical

equipment 90.7 equipment 68.1Base metals & manufactures 20.3 Minerals 29.9Plastics and rubber products 14.6 Chemicals 19.5Textiles & clothing 11.8 Metals 18.7Vehicles, aircraft & ships 7.2 Precision instruments, clocks

& watches 11.3Total incl. others 197.8 Total incl. others 182.6


China 21.6 Japan 25.3Hong Kong 16.2 United States 11.6United States 15.1 China 11.0Japan 7.6 South Korea 7.3



Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP … Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. … Enrolment, %: primary …Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary …Improved-water source access, tertiary …

% of pop. …



TAIWAN 223

a 2002 estimate.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


THAILAND

Area 513,115 sq km Capital BangkokArable as % of total land 28 Currency Baht (Bt)



The economyGDP Bt7,104bn GDP per head $2,750GDP $177bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.7





Imports -75.1



Energym TOE






Bt per $ 36.05 Effective rates 2000 = 100Bt per SDR 54.23 – nominal …Bt per 7 47.59 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & mech. appliances 16.2 Raw materials & intermediates 49.4Electrical appliances 8.9 Capital goods 32.0Integrated circuits & parts 5.5 Petroleum & products 20.8Textiles 5.5 Consumer goods 8.4Total incl. others 110.2 Total incl. others 118.2


United States 15.3 Japan 22.0Japan 13.7 China 9.4China 8.3 United States 7.3Singapore 6.8 Malaysia 6.9Hong Kong 5.6 United Arab Emirates 4.8




% of pop. 99



THAILAND 225

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


TURKEY

Area 779,452 sq km Capital AnkaraArable as % of total land 31 Currency Turkish Lira (YTL)



The economyGDP YTL487bn GDP per head $4,950GDP $363bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.1





Imports -34.4



Energym TOE






YTL per $ 1.41 Effective rates 2000 = 100YTL per SDR 2.12 – nominal …YTL per 7 1.86 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/27/07 4:54 PM


$bn fob $bn cif Textiles 18.7 Chemicals & products 17.4Motor vehicles & parts 10.2 Crude oil & natural gas 14.4Metals 6.9 Metals 13.6Machinery & equipment 4.9 Motor vehicles & parts 12.3Total incl. others 71.9 Total incl. others 99.0


Germany 12.9 Germany 11.7United Kingdom 8.1 Russia 11.0Italy 7.7 Italy 6.5United States 6.7 China 5.9France 5.2 France 5.0EU25 52.3 EU25 42.2




% of pop. 96



TURKEY 227

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/27/07 4:54 PM


UKRAINE

Area 603,700 sq km Capital KievArable as % of total land 56 Currency Hryvnya (UAH)



The economyGDP UAH425bn GDP per head $1,780GDP $82.9bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 16.3



Agriculture 12.1 Private consumption 61Industry 36.5 Public consumption 19Services 51.4 Investment 19

Exports 54Imports -53



Energym TOE






UAH per $ 5.05 Effective rates 2000 = 100UAH per SDR 7.60 – nominal 95.90UAH per 7 6.67 – real 112.40

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifMetals 14.0 Fuels, mineral products 11.3Machinery & equipment 4.7 Machinery & equipment 10.1Fuels & mineral products 4.4 Chemicals 3.1Food & agricultural produce 4.3 Food & agricultural produce 2.7Chemicals 3.0 Metals 2.5Total incl. others 34.2 Total incl. others 36.1


Russia 21.9 Russia 35.5Turkey 5.9 Germany 9.4Italy 5.5 Poland 7.4Germany 3.8 Turkmenistan 5.0




% of pop. 96



UKRAINE 229

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Area 83,600 sq km Capital Abu DhabiArable as % of total land 1 Currency Dirham (AED)



The economyGDP AED476bn GDP per head $28,820GDP $130bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 60.9





Imports -66.0



Energym TOE




inflation 2005 7.8% Narrow money (M1) 25.1%Av. ann. inflation 2001–05 4.7% Broad money 20.6%


AED per $ 3.67 Effective rates 2000 = 100AED per SDR 5.51 – nominal 88.5AED per 7 4.85 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM

TradePrincipal exports Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 43.5 Machinery & electrical equip. 12.4Re-exports 38.0 Precious stones & metals 10.4

Transport equipment 6.4Total incl. others 115.4 Total incl. others 61.6


Japan 25.6 China 9.9South Korea 9.3 United Kingdom 9.7Thailand 5.8 United States 9.6India 5.1 India 8.9

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 115.4 Change in reserves 2.5Visible imports fob -71.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 44.3 end Dec. 21.0Invisibles, net -13.2 No. months of import cover 2.6Net transfers -5.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Current account balance 27.2 Foreign debt 36.7

– as % of GDP 26.1 – as % of GDP 28Capital balance -26.9 – as % of total exports 26Overall balance 2.6 Debt service ratio 2


% of pop. 100



UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 231

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


UNITED KINGDOM

Area 242,534 sq km Capital LondonArable as % of total land 24 Currency Pound (£)



The economyGDP £1,209bn GDP per head $36,830GDP $2,199bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 79.3





Imports -30.0



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 2.3% Narrow money (M0) 6.4%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 1.7% Broad money (M4) 9.4%Money market rate, 2006 4.77% Household saving rate, 2006 5.3%


£ per $ 0.51 Effective rates 2000 = 100£ per SDR 0.77 – nominal 100.4£ per 7 0.67 – real 102.5

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 7/5/07 4:11 PM


$bn fob $bn fob Finished manufactured Finished manufactured

products 206.0 products 285.4Semi-manufactured products 108.5 Semi-manufactured products 113.6Fuels 39.4 Food, drink & tobacco 44.4Food, drink & tobacco 19.4 Fuels 42.9Basic materials 7.3 Basic materials 12.3Total incl. others 371.4 Total incl. others 483.0


United States 14.6 Germany 13.8Germany 10.9 France 7.9France 9.4 United States 7.9Ireland 7.8 Netherlands 7.3Netherlands 6.0 Belgium-Luxembourg 5.4EU25 56.8 EU25 55.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 384.3 Overall balance 1.7Visible imports fob -509.4 Change in reserves -6.1Trade balance -125.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 547.6 end Dec. 43.6Invisibles outflows -453.8 No. months of import cover 0.5Net transfers -22.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 10.0Current account balance -53.4 Aid given 10.77



% of pop. 100



UNITED KINGDOM 233

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


UNITED STATES

Area 9,372,610 sq km Capital Washington DCArable as % of total land 19 Currency US dollar ($)



The economyGDP $12,417bn GDP per head $41,640Av. ann. growth in real GDP per head in purchasing

GDP 1995–2005 3.4% power parity (USA=100) 100Economic freedom index 82.0



manufacturing 12.0 Non-government investment 16.6Servicesa 80.5 Exports 10.5

Imports -16.2



Energym TOE

Total output 1,641.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 2,325.9 of energy use 29Consumption per head,



inflation 2006 3.2% Narrow money 2.1%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 2.6% Broad money 5.7%Treasury bill rate, 2006 4.72% Household saving rate, 2006 -0.2%


$ per SDR 1.50 Effective rates 2000 = 100$ per 7 1.32 – nominal 80.2

– real 83.0

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn fobCapital goods, excl. vehicles 361.8 Industrial supplies 520.7Industrial supplies 231.8 Consumergoods,excl.vehicles 407.0Consumer goods, excl. vehicles 115.5 Capital goods, excl. vehicles 379.5Vehicles & products 97.8 Vehicles & products 240.0Food & beverages 58.9 Food & beverages 68.1Total incl. others 907 Total incl. others 1,732


Canada 23.7 Canada 17.2Mexico 13.5 China 14.5Japan 6.2 Mexico 10.2China 4.7 Japan 8.2United Kingdom 4.3 Germany 5.1EU25 20.9 EU25 18.4

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 898.5 Overall balance -14.1Visible imports fob -1,677.4 Change in reserves -2.2Trade balance -778.9 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 851.4 end Dec. 188.3Invisibles outflows -777.9 No. months of import cover 0.9Net transfers -86.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 261.6Current account balance -791.5 Aid given 27.62



% of pop. 100


New York = 100 100 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop.b 822.7

UNITED STATES 235

a Including utilities.b Includes all hosts ending “.com”, “.net” and “.org” which exaggerates the numbers.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


VENEZUELA

Area 912,050 sq km Capital CaracasArable as % of total land 3 Currency Bolivar (Bs)



The economyGDP Bs293trn GDP per head $5,250GDP $140bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 15.8





Imports -21.3



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 13.6% Narrow money 39.8%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 20.8% Broad money 36.6%Money market rate, 2006 5.26%


Bs per $ 2,147 Effective rates 2000 = 100Bs per SDR 3,230 – nominal 30.2Bs per 7 2,834 – real 77.6

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn fobOil 49.2 Machinery 3.9Iron & steel 2.3 Vehicles 3.3Aluminium 1.1 Electrical equipment 2.9Total incl. others 55.5 Total incl. others 21.8


United States 57.8 United States 28.9Netherlands Antilles 4.6 Colombia 8.4Canada 2.9 Brazil 6.0Dominican Rep 2.8 China 3.8




% of pop. 83



VENEZUELA 237

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


VIETNAM

Area 331,114 sq km Capital HanoiArable as % of total land 21 Currency Dong (D)



The economyGDP D838trn GDP per head $620GDP $52.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 7.3



Agriculture 20.9 Private consumption 63.6Industry 41.0 Public consumption 6.2Services 38.1 Investment 33.1




Energym TOE




inflation 2005 8.3% Narrow money (M1) 21.6Av. ann. inflation 2001–05 5.8% Broad money 26.9Treasury bill rate, 2005 6.13%


D per $ 16,054 Effective rates 2000 = 100D per SDR 24,152 – nominal …D per 7 21,191 – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 7.4 Machinery & equipment 5.3Textiles & garments 4.8 Petroleum products 5.0Footwear 3.0 Steel 3.0Fisheries products 2.7 Textiles 2.3Total incl. others 31.6 Total incl. others 36.5


United States 20.6 China 17.0Japan 13.0 Singapore 13.4Australia 7.9 South Korea 11.7China 7.3 Japan 10.8Singapore 5.2 Thailand 7.1Germany 4.9 Malaysia 4.1United Kingdom 3.8 Hong Kong 3.9




% of pop. 85



VIETNAM 239

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


ZIMBABWE

Area 390,759 sq km Capital HarareArable as % of total land 8 Currency Zimbabwe dollar (Z$)



The economyGDP Z$75,421bn GDP per head $260GDP $3.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 4.9

GDP 1995–2005 -2.6% Economic freedom index 35.8




Imports -53



Energym TOE




inflation 2006 1,016.7% Narrow money (M1) 283.4%Av. ann. inflation 2001–06 349.8% Broad money 274.8%Interbank rate, 2006 203.4%


Z$ per $ … Effective rates 2000 = 100Z$ per SDR … – nominal …Z$ per 7 … – real …

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM

Tradea

Principal exportsb Principal importsb

$m fob $m cifGold 366 Fuels 413Tobacco 227 Chemicals 401Ferro-alloys 185 Machinery & transport equip. 271Platinum 121 Manufactured products 269Total incl. others 1,520 Total incl. others 1,957


South Africa 40.7 South Africa 43.6China 8.8 China 4.4Switzerland 8.6 Botswana 3.3Japan 6.9 Zambia 2.8United Kingdom 5.9 Mozambique 1.9

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 1.6 Change in reservesd 0.0Visible imports fob -2.1 Level of reservesd

Trade balance -0.5 end Dec. 0.1Invisibles, net -0.4 No. months of import coverd 0.6Net transfers 0.3 Official gold holdings, m ozd 0.1Current account balance -0.6 Foreign debt 4.3

– as % of GDP -16.9 – as % of GDP 85Capital balancec -0.4 – as % of total exports 228Overall balancec -0.4 Debt service ratio 13

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.5 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.2 Enrolment, %: primary 97Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 36Improved-water source access, tertiary 4

% of pop. 81



ZIMBABWE 241

a Estimates.b 2004c 2001 estimates.d 2002

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


EURO AREAa

Area 2,497,000 sq km Capital –Arable as % of total land 26 Currency Euro (7)


in pop. 2005–10 0.24% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.5Pop. under 15 16.0% Urban population 78.9%Pop. over 60 22.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 9.7Human Development Index 93.7 Crude death rateb 9.9






Imports -36


Agriculture 4.2 Unemployed 2004 9.2Industry 28.7 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.5Services 67.1

Energym TOE

Total output 462.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 1,245.1 of energy use 63Consumption per head,



inflation 2006 2.2% Narrow money (M1) 10.8%Av. ann. inflation 2000–06 2.2% Broad money 7.7%Repo rate, 2006 2.87%



– real 121.7

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM

Tradeb

Principal exports Principal imports$bn fob $bn cif

Machinery & transport equip. 596 Machinery & transport equip. 467Manufactures 315 Energy & raw materials 372Chemicals 203 Manufactures 352Energy and raw materials 81 Chemicals 117Food, drink & tobacco 64 Food, drink & tobacco 74Total incl. others 1,333 Total incl. others 1,469


United States 23.5 United States 13.9Switzerland 7.7 China 13.4Russia 5.3 Russia 9.1China 4.9 Japan 6.2Japan 4.1 Norway 5.7

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 1,516.2 Overall balance -23.9Visible imports fob -1,448.2 Change in reserves -4.8Trade balance 68.0 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 892.2 end Dec. 377.3Invisibles outflows -903.4 No. months of import cover 1.9Net transfers -84.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 375.9Current account balance -28.1 Aid given 39.5



% of pop. …



EURO AREA 243

a Data refer to the 12 EU members that had adopted the euro before December 312006.

b EU25 data, excluding intra-trade.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM


WORLD

Area 148,698,382 sq km Capital …Arable as % of total land 10.7 Currency …



The economyGDP $44.6trn GDP per head $6,910Av. ann. growth in real GDP per head in purchasing

GDP 1995–2005 3.1% power parity (USA=100) 22.7Economic freedom index 58.4




Imports -26

Structure of employmenta

% of total % of labour forceAgriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 6.4Industry 26 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 6.8Services 70

Energym TOE

Total output 11,171.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 11,026.3 of energy use -2Consumption per head,



inflation 2006 3.5% Narrow money (M1)a 9.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–06 3.6% Broad moneya 7.5%LIBOR $ rate, 3-month, 2006 5.19% Household saving rate, 2006a 4.0%

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM

TradeWorld exports

$bn fob $bn fob Manufactures 7,830 Ores & metals 310Fuels 1,040 Agricultural raw materials 210Food 730 Total incl. others 10,430


United States 15.6 China 9.4Germany 7.4 Germany 9.1China 5.7 United States 9.1France 4.9 Japan 6.2United Kingdom 4.7 France 4.2Japan 4.5 United Kingdom 3.5

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 10,322 Overall balance 6Visible imports fob -10,279 Change in reserves 435Trade balance 43 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 4,746 end Dec. 4,694Invisibles outflows -4,787 No. months of import cover 4Net transfers -9 Official gold holdings, m oz 878.2Current account balance -6 Aid givenb 108.7

– as % of GDP -0.0 – as % of GDPb 0.32Capital balance -41


% of pop. 82

SocietyNo. of households … TVs per 100 households …Av. no. per household … Telephone lines per 100 pop. 19.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 33.9Cost of living, Dec. 2006 Computers per 100 pop. 12.4


WORLD 245

a OECD countries.b OECD and Middle East countries.

05 WIF 2008 Countries 3 6/20/07 10:16 AM

Glossary246 GLOSSARY

Balance of payments The record of acountry’s transactions with the rest ofthe world. The current account of thebalance of payments consists of: visibletrade (goods); “invisible” trade (servicesand income); private transfer payments(eg, remittances from those workingabroad); official transfers (eg, paymentsto international organisations, faminerelief). Visible imports and exports arenormally compiled on rather differentdefinitions to those used in the tradestatistics (shown in principal imports andexports) and therefore the statistics donot match. The capital account consistsof long- and short-term transactionsrelating to a country’s assets andliabilities (eg, loans and borrowings).The current account and the capitalaccount, plus an errors and omissionsitem, make up the overall balance. In thecountry pages of this book this item isincluded in the overall balance. Changesin reserves include gold at market pricesand are shown without the practice oftenfollowed in balance of paymentspresentations of reversing the sign.

Big Mac index A light-hearted way oflooking at exchange rates. If the dollarprice of a burger at McDonald’s in anycountry is higher than the price in theUnited States, converting at marketexchange rates, then that country’scurrency could be thought to be over-valued against the dollar and vice versa.

CFA Communauté Financière Africaine.Its members, most of the francophoneAfrican nations, share a commoncurrency, the CFA franc, which used to bepegged to the French franc but is nowpegged to the euro.

Cif/fob Measures of the value ofmerchandise trade. Imports include thecost of “carriage, insurance and freight”(cif) from the exporting country to theimporting. The value of exports does notinclude these elements and is recorded“free on board” (fob). Balance ofpayments statistics are generallyadjusted so that both exports and

imports are shown fob; the cif elementsare included in invisibles.

Crude birth rate The number of livebirths in a year per 1,000 population. Thecrude rate will automatically be relativelyhigh if a large proportion of thepopulation is of childbearing age.

Crude death rate The number of deathsin a year per 1,000 population. Alsoaffected by the population’s age structure.

Debt, foreign Financial obligationsowed by a country to the rest of the worldand repayable in foreign currency. Thedebt service ratio is debt service(principal repayments plus interestpayments) expressed as a percentage ofthe country’s earnings from exports ofgoods and services.

EU European Union. Members are:Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdomand, as of May 1 2004, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia andSlovenia and, as of January 1 2007,Bulgaria and Romania.

Effective exchange rate The nominalindex measures a currency’s depreciation(figures below 100) or appreciation(figures over 100) from a base dateagainst a trade-weighted basket of thecurrencies of the country’s main tradingpartners. The real effective exchange ratereflects adjustments for relativemovements in prices or costs.

Euro area The 13 euro area members ofthe EU are Austria, Belgium, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal andSpain and, from January 1 2007,Slovenia. Their common currency is theeuro, which came into circulation onJanuary 1 2002.

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM

GLOSSARY 247

Fertility rate The average number ofchildren born to a woman who completesher childbearing years.

GDP Gross domestic product. The sum ofall output produced by economic activitywithin a country. GNP (gross nationalproduct) and GNI (gross nationalincome) include net income from abroadeg, rent, profits.

Household saving rate Householdsavings as % of disposable householdincome.

Import cover The number of months ofimports covered by reserves ie, reserves ÷1⁄12 annual imports (visibles andinvisibles).

Inflation The annual rate at whichprices are increasing. The most commonmeasure and the one shown here is theincrease in the consumer price index.

Internet hosts Websites and othercomputers that sit permanently on theinternet.

Life expectancy The average length oftime a baby born today can expect to live.

Literacy is defined by UNESCO as theability to read and write a simplesentence, but definitions can vary fromcountry to country.

Median age Divides the age distributioninto two halves. Half of the population isabove and half below the median age.

Money supply A measure of the “money”available to buy goods and services.Various definitions exist. The measuresshown here are based on definitions usedby the IMF and may differ from measuresused nationally. Narrow money (M1)consists of cash in circulation anddemand deposits (bank deposits that canbe withdrawn on demand). “Quasi-money” (time, savings and foreigncurrency deposits) is added to this tocreate broad money.

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The “richcountries” club was established in 1961to promote economic growth and theexpansion of world trade. It is based inParis and now has 30 members.

Opec Organisation of PetroleumExporting Countries. Set up in 1960 andbased in Vienna, Opec is mainlyconcerned with oil pricing andproduction issues. Members are; Algeria,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United ArabEmirates and Venezuela.

PPP Purchasing power parity. PPPstatistics adjust for cost of livingdifferences by replacing normalexchange rates with rates designed toequalise the prices of a standard“basket”of goods and services. These areused to obtain PPP estimates of GDP perhead. PPP estimates are shown on anindex, taking the United States as 100.

Real terms Figures adjusted to excludethe effect of inflation.

Reserves The stock of gold and foreigncurrency held by a country to finance anycalls that may be made for the settlementof foreign debt.

SDR Special drawing right. The reservecurrency, introduced by the IMF in 1970,was intended to replace gold andnational currencies in settlinginternational transactions. The IMF usesSDRs for book-keeping purposes andissues them to member countries. Theirvalue is based on a basket of the USdollar (with a weight of 44%), the euro(34%), the Japanese yen (11%) and thepound sterling (11%).

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM

248 LIST OF COUNTRIES

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsAfghanistan 29.9 7.3 800ab 652 16.4Albania 3.1 8.4 5,320 29 28.6Algeria 32.9 102.3 7,060 2,382 24.0Andorra 0.1 2.8a 38,800a 0.4 40.0Angola 15.9 32.8 2,330 1,247 16.6Argentina 38.7 183.2 14,280 2,767 28.9Armenia 3.0 4.9 4,950 30 31.7Aruba 0.1 2.1b 21,800ab 0.2 35.5Australia 20.2 732.5 31,790 7,682 36.7Austria 8.2 306.1 33,700 84 40.1Azerbaijan 8.4 12.6 5,020 87 27.7

Bahamas 0.3 5.9 17,020b 14 28.0Bahrain 0.7 12.9 21,480 1 28.8Bangladesh 141.8 60.0 2,050 144 22.2Barbados 0.3 3.1 17,000a 0.4 35.5Belarus 9.8 29.6 7,920 208 37.4Belgium 10.4 370.8 32,120 31 40.3Belize 0.3 1.1 7,110 23 20.9Benin 8.4 4.3 1,140 113 17.7Bermuda 0.1 4.5ab 69,900ab 1 39.0Bhutan 2.2 0.8 1,400ab 47 22.3Bolivia 9.2 9.3 2,820 1,099 20.8Bosnia 3.9 10.0 7,630 51 37.1Botswana 1.8 10.3 12,390 581 21.1Brazil 186.4 796.1 8,400 8,512 26.9Brunei 0.4 6.4 25,600a 6 26.2Bulgaria 7.7 26.6 9,030 111 40.8Burkina Faso 13.2 5.2 1,210 274 16.8Burundi 7.5 0.8 700 28 17.0

Cambodia 14.1 6.2 2,730 181 20.1Cameroon 16.3 16.9 2,300 475 18.7Canada 32.3 1,113.8 33,380 9,971 38.6Cayman Islands 0.0 d 1.9ab 43,800ab 0.3 37.0Central African Rep 4.0 1.4 1,220 622 18.3Chad 9.7 5.5 1,430 1,284 16.8Channel Islands 0.1 4.2a 51,820a 0.2 40.0Chile 16.3 115.3 12,030 757 30.6China 1,315.8 2,234.3 6,760 9,561 32.5Colombia 45.6 122.3 7,300 1,142 25.6Congo-Kinshasa 4.0 7.1 710 2,345 18.8

Whenever data is available, the world rankings consider 183countries: all those which had (in 2005) or have recently had apopulation of at least 1m or a GDP of at least $1bn. Here is a list ofthem.

List of countries

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM


m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km years

Congo-Brazzaville 57.5 5.1 1,260 342 16.3Costa Rica 4.3 20.0 10,180 51 26.1Côte d'Ivoire 18.2 16.3 1,650 322 18.5Croatia 4.6 38.5 13,040 57 40.6Cuba 11.3 40.1a 3,500a 111 35.6Cyprus 0.8 16.7 21,600a 9 35.3Czech Republic 10.2 124.4 20,540 79 38.9

Denmark 5.4 258.7 33,970 43 39.5Dominican Republic 8.9 29.5 8,220 48 23.9

Ecuador 13.2 36.5 4,340 272 24.0Egypt 74.0 89.4 4,340 1,000 22.9El Salvador 6.9 17.0 5,250 21 23.4Equatorial Guinea 0.5 3.2 7,640a 28 18.7Eritrea 4.4 1.0 1,110 117 18.1Estonia 1.3 13.1 15,480 45 38.9Ethiopia 77.4 11.2 1,050 1,134 17.5

Faroe Islands 0.0d 1.7a 31,000ab 1 34.0Fiji 0.9 2.7 6,050 18 23.7Finland 5.2 193.2 32,150 338 40.9France 60.5 2,126.6c 30,390 544 38.9French Polynesia 0.3 4.6ab 17,500ab 3 27.1

Gabon 1.4 8.1 6,950 268 21.5Gambia, The 1.5 0.5 1,920 11 19.5Georgia 4.5 6.4 3,370 70 35.5Germany 82.7 2,794.9 29,460 358 42.1Ghana 22.1 10.7 2,480 239 19.9Greece 11.1 225.2 23,380 132 40.1Greenland 0.1 1.7 20,000ab 2,176 34.0Guadeloupe 0.4 8.7b 17,855 2 34.0Guam 0.2 2.5a 15,000a 1 28.4Guatemala 12.6 31.7 4,570 109 18.2Guinea 9.4 3.3 2,320 246 18.1Guinea-Bissau 1.6 0.3 830 36 16.2

Haiti 8.5 4.3 1,660 28 20.3Honduras 7.2 8.3 3,430 112 19.4Hong Kong 7.0 177.7 34,830 1 38.9Hungary 10.1 109.2 17,890 93 38.7

Iceland 0.3 15.8 36,510 103 34.2India 1,103.4 805.7 3,450 3,287 23.8Indonesia 222.8 287.2 3,840 1,904 26.5Iran 69.5 189.8 7,970 1,648 23.4

LIST OF COUNTRIES 249

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM



m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsIraq 28.8 33.6 3,400a 438 18.9Ireland 4.1 201.8 38,500 70 33.4Israel 6.7 123.4 25,860 21 28.8Italy 58.1 1,762.5 28,530 301 42.0

Jamaica 2.7 9.6 4,290 11 24.7Japan 128.1 4,534.0 31,270 378 42.9Jordan 5.7 12.7 5,530 89 21.1

Kazakhstan 14.8 57.1 7,860 2,717 28.8Kenya 34.3 18.7 1,240 583 18.1Kuwait 2.7 80.8 26,320 18 29.2Kyrgyzstan 5.3 2.4 1,930 199 23.9

Laos 5.9 2.9 2,040 237 19.2Latvia 2.3 15.8 13,650 64 39.3Lebanon 3.6 21.9 5,580 10 27.1Lesotho 1.8 1.5 3,340 30 18.8Liberia 3.3 0.5 1,000a 111 16.4Libya 5.9 38.8 11,400a 1,760 24.1Lithuania 3.4 25.6 14,490 65 37.9Luxembourg 0.5 36.5 60,230 3 38.3

Macau 0.5 11.56a 24,300a 0.02 36.5Macedonia 2.0 5.8 7,200 26 34.2Madagascar 18.6 5.0 920 587 17.9Malawi 12.9 2.1 670 118 16.4Malaysia 25.3 130.3 10,880 333 24.7Mali 13.5 5.3 1,030 1,240 16.0Malta 0.4 5.6 19,190 0.3 37.6Martinique 0.4 8.6b 19,830 1 36.4Mauritania 3.1 1.9 2,230 1,031 19.6Mauritius 1.2 6.3 12,710 2 30.5Mexico 107.0 768.4 10,750 1,973 25.6Moldova 4.2 2.9 2,100 34 32.5Mongolia 2.6 1.9 2,110 1,565 24.2Morocco 31.5 51.7 4,550 447 24.3Mozambique 19.8 6.6 1,240 799 17.7Myanmar 50.5 7.5 1,700a 677 26.8

Namibia 2.0 6.1 7,590 824 19.5Nepal 27.1 7.4 1,550 147 20.1Netherlands 16.3 624.2 32,680 42 39.1Netherlands Antilles 0.2 2.8ab 16,000ab 1 36.4New Caledonia 0.2 3.3b 15,000ab 19 28.8New Zealand 4.0 109.3 25,000 271 35.5Nicaragua 5.5 4.9 3,670 130 20.3

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM


m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsNiger 14.0 3.4 780 1,267 16.0Nigeria 131.5 99.0 1,130 924 17.6North Korea 22.5 40.0a 1,700a 121 32.1Norway 4.6 295.5 41,420 324 38.0

Oman 2.6 30.8 15,360b 310 22.5

Pakistan 157.9 110.7 2,370 804 20.3Panama 3.2 15.5 7,610 77 26.1Papua New Guinea 5.9 5.0 2,560 463 19.5Paraguay 6.2 7.3 4,640 407 21.7Peru 28.0 79.4 6,040 1,285 24.3Philippines 83.1 99.0 5,140 300 21.8Poland 38.5 303.2 13,850 313 36.8Portugal 10.5 183.3 20,410 89 39.1Puerto Rico 4.0 72.4a 18,600a 9 33.8

Qatar 0.9 42.5 27,400a 11 31.1

Réunion 0.8 13.7b 16,150 3 29.7Romania 21.7 98.6 9,060 238 36.7Russia 143.2 763.7 10,840 17,075 37.3Rwanda 9.0 2.2 1,210 26 17.4

Saudi Arabia 24.6 309.8 15,710 2,200 23.3Senegal 11.7 8.2 1,790 197 18.5Serbia 10.5 26.2 4,400a 102 36.6Sierra Leone 5.5 1.2 810 72 18.5Singapore 4.3 116.8 29,660 1 37.5Slovakia 5.4 46.4 15,870 49 35.6Slovenia 2.0 34.0 22,270 20 40.2Somalia 8.2 4.8 600a 638 17.9South Africa 47.4 239.5 11,110 1,226 23.9South Korea 47.8 787.6 22,030 99 35.0Spain 43.1 1,124.6 27,170 505 38.8Sri Lanka 20.7 23.5 4,590 66 29.5Sudan 36.2 27.5 2,080 2,506 19.4Suriname 0.5 1.3 4,100a 164 25.4Swaziland 1.0 2.7 4,820 17 18.9Sweden 9.0 357.7 32,530 450 40.2Switzerland 7.3 367.0 35,630 41 40.1Syria 19.0 26.3 2,810 185 20.6

Taiwan 22.9 345.9 29,320 36 34.0Tajikistan 6.5 2.3 1,360 143 19.2Tanzania 38.3 12.1 740 945 17.5Thailand 64.2 176.6 8,680 513 32.6

LIST OF COUNTRIES 251

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM



m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsTogo 6.1 2.2 1,510 57 18.1Trinidad & Tobago 1.3 14.4 14,600 5 28.6Tunisia 10.1 28.7 8,370 164 26.7Turkey 73.2 362.5 8,410 779 26.7Turkmenistan 4.8 8.1 8,000a 488 23.3

Uganda 28.8 8.7 1,450 241 15.3Ukraine 46.5 82.9 6,850 604 38.9United Arab Emirates 4.5 104.2b 25,510 84 29.4United Kingdom 59.7 2,198.8 33,240 243 38.9United States 298.2 12,416.5 41,890 9,373 36.0Uruguay 3.5 16.8 9,960 176 32.6Uzbekistan 26.6 14.0 2,060 447 22.6

Venezuela 26.7 140.2 6,630 912 24.6Vietnam 84.2 52.4 3,070 331 24.9Virgin Islands (US) 0.1 1.6ab 14,500ab 0.4 35.0

West Bank and Gaza 3.7 3.5b 1,500a 6 16.9

Yemen 21.0 15.1 930 528 16.7

Zambia 11.7 7.3 1,020 753 16.9Zimbabwe 13.0 3.4 2,040 391 19.0

Euro area (12) 310.7 9,950 27,350 2,497 40.4

World 6,465 44,650 9,480 148,698 29.2

a Estimate.b Latest available year.c Including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. d Populations less than 50,000.

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM

Airports Council International,Worldwide Airport TrafficReport

Amnesty International

BP, Statistical Review of WorldEnergy

British Mountaineering CouncilBusiness Software Alliance

CB Richard Ellis, Global MarketRents

Central banksCentral Intelligence Agency,

The World FactbookConfederation of Swedish

EnterpriseCorporate Resources Group,

Quality of Living ReportCouncil of Europe

The Economistwww.economist.com

Economist Intelligence Unit,Cost of Living Survey; CountryForecasts; Country Reports; E-readiness rankings; GlobalOutlook – BusinessEnvironment Rankings

ERC Statistics International,World Cigarette Report

Euromonitor, InternationalMarketing Data andStatistics; EuropeanMarketing Data and Statistics

Europa Publications, TheEuropa World Yearbook

Eurostat, Statistics in Focus

Financial Times BusinessInformation, The Banker

The Heritage Foundation,Index of Economic Freedom

IFPIIMD, World Competitiveness

Yearbook IMF, Direction of Trade;

International FinancialStatistics; World EconomicOutlook

International CocoaOrganisation, QuarterlyBulletin of Cocoa Statistics

International CoffeeOrganisation

International Cotton AdvisoryCommittee, Bulletin

International Road Federation,World Road Statistics

International Rubber StudyGroup, Rubber StatisticalBulletin

International Grains Council,The Grain Market Report

International SugarOrganisation, StatisticalBulletin

International Tea Committee,Annual Bulletin of Statistics

InternationalTelecommunication Union,ITU Indicators

ISTA Mielke, Oil World

Johnson Matthey

Mercer Human ResourceConsulting

National statistics officesNetwork WizardsNobel Foundation

OECD, Development AssistanceCommittee Report;Environmental Data

Space.com

SOURCES 253

Sources

06 WIF 2008 postlim’s 6/20/07 10:16 AM

254 SOURCES

Standard & Poor’s EmergingStock Markets Factbook

Taiwan Statistical Data BookThe Times, Atlas of the WorldTime Inc Magazines, Fortune

InternationalTransparency International

UN, Demographic Yearbook;Global Refugee Trends; Stateof World Population Report;Statistical Chart on WorldFamilies; Survey on CrimeTrends; Trends in TotalMigrant Stock; WorldContraceptive Use; WorldPopulation Prospects; WorldUrbanisation Prospects

UNAIDS, Report on the GlobalAIDS Epidemic

UNCTAD, Review of MaritimeTransport; World InvestmentReport

UNCTAD/WTO InternationalTrade Centre

UN Development Programme,Human Development Report

UNESCO, website: unescostat.unesco.org

Unicef, Child Poverty inPerspective

Union Internationale desChemins de Fer, StatistiquesInternationales des Cheminsde Fer

US Census BureauUS Department of AgricultureUniversity of Michigan,

Windows to the Universewebsite

WHO, World Health StatisticsAnnual; World Report onViolence and Health

The Woolmark CompanyWorld Bank, Doing Business;

Global Development Finance;World DevelopmentIndicators; WorldDevelopment Report

World Bureau of MetalStatistics, World MetalStatistics

World EconomicForum/Harvard University,Global CompetitivenessYearbook

World Resources Institute,World Resources

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pocket world in figures 2008 editionfile/_id1/20/_id2/0000008327.pdfbiggest exporters most and least...

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