plants (k. plantae). plant basics multicellular eukaryotes cell wall of cellulose photosynthetic...
TRANSCRIPT
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Plants(K. Plantae)
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Plant Basics
• Multicellular eukaryotes• Cell wall of cellulose• Photosynthetic (photoautotrophic)• Evolved from an organism similar to
today’s green algae• Need to survive
– 1. sunlight 2. water and minerals– 3. gas exchange 4. movement of water
& nutrients
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Just how do plants move water and nutrients?
• Diffusion (if there is not a long way to go)
• Capillary action
• Vascular tissue – Xylem (water up from the roots)
• Tracheids
– Phloem (carbs down from the leaves)
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Plant Life Cycle
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The Nonvascular Plants • Low to the ground
• no vascular tissue
• gametophyte dominant
• antheridia (female parts) and archegonia (male parts)
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The Nonvascular Plants • Division Bryophyta
– Mosses– Moist habitats with poor soils– Rhizoids (root like)
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The Nonvascular Plants
• Division Hepaticophyta/ Hepatophya– Liverworts– Reproduce via gemmae– Thallus (body)
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The Nonvascular Plants
• Division Anthocerophyta– hornworts
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Seedless Vascular Plants
• Require water for reproduction
• Sporophyte dominant
• No seeds (spores instead)
• Vascular tissue
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Seedless Vascular Plants
• Division Lycophyta– Club mosses (small plants in moist
woodlands)– Many are epiphytes (grow on trees but don’t
harm them)
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Seedless Vascular Plants
• Division Arthrophyta– Equisetum (horsetail/ scoring rush)- abrasive
silica in stems, found in marshes
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Seedless Vascular Plants
• Division Pterophyta– Ferns– Spores found in sori on the underside of
fronds
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Seed Plants- General Info
• Do not require water for fertilization
• Gametophyte dominant
• Produce seeds
• Adaptations for reproduction– Flowers/ cones to protect seeds– Pollination– Protection of embryos in seeds
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Seed Plants- Gymnosperms
• “naked seed”
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Seed Plants- Gymnosperms
• Division Cycadophyta (cycads like the sago palm and palm trees)– Mycorrizhae
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Seed Plants- Gymnosperms
• Division Gingophyta– Gingko biloba – the only extant member of
this division (“a living fossil”)– Male and female trees
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Seed Plants- Gymnosperms
• Division Gnetophyta– Ephedra, Welwitschia
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Seed Plants- Gymnosperms
• Division Coniferophyta (the conifers)– “cone-bearers”– Evergreens such as pines, firs
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Seed Plants- Angiosperms
• Most diverse
• Division Anthophyta (“flowering plants”)
• More on flowers later…
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Seed Plants- Angiosperms
• Monocots– Flower parts in 3’s– Examples: Lily, iris, grasses
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Seed Plants- Angiosperms
• Dicots– Flower parts in 4’s or 5’s– Examples: rose, daisy, sunflower
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Plant StructuresStoma- found on leaf surface; used for gas exchange; opening controlled by guard cells; transpiration can also occur through stomata
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Plant Responses
• Tropism- response due to an environmental stimulus; controlled primarily by hormones– Phototropism- light– Gravitropism/ geotropism- gravity– Thigmotropism- touch
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Plant Adaptations
• Aquatic Plants– Mangrove trees
• Desert Plants– Succulents– Thick coverings
• Carnivorous Plants– Pitcher plants (shape, color, smell)– Venus fly trap
• Parasitic Plants