Unit 1: Kingdom PlantaeChapters 21-23

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What are the characteristics of Plants

▪ All plants are photosynthetic. ▪ All plants are multicellular. ▪ All plants are eukaryotic organisms. ▪ All plants can reproduce sexually. ▪ Have cellulose in cell wall▪ Has kinda roots, stems and leaves

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How do plants reproduce

▪ All plants have a sexual life cycle called alternation of generation where the gametophyte and sporophyte generation look different

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What is Alternation of Generation

▪ A haploid(1N) multicellular gametophyte produces gametes that join in fertilization to form a zygote (2N)

▪ Zygote (2N) develops by mitosis into a diploid (2N) sporophyte

▪ Sporophytes then produce haploid spores (1N)▪ When released, these spores (1N) are released and then

develop into (1N) gametophytes

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Where did plants come from

▪ Land plants evolved from green algae of the Division Chlorophyta that lived in ancient oceans or ponds▪ they developed roots, stems and leaves

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Evolution

▪ Earliest known plant from fossil record is of genus Cookonsia

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Early vascular plants

Origin of plants

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What are the 2 types of Terrestrial Plants

(1)       Non-vascular plants (e.g., mosses) have no system for transporting water or nutrients.

(2)       Vascular plants have a system through which they can transport water and nutrient throughout the plant. This allowed the plants to be taller and live further from water.

       

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Describe Non Vascular Plants

▪ Division Bryophyta probably arose from a line of plants that had vascular tissue▪ Some have nonfunctioning stomata▪ Don’t grow large because no vessels▪ Need water for gametes to swim

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Provide examples of Division Bryophyta

▪ Class Hepaticae▪ Liverwort

▪ Class Musci▪ Moss

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What are Bryophyte Characteristics

▪ small (non vascular)▪ does not have true roots, stems, leaves (no vessels)▪ “leaves” radiate out from stalk and trap H2O (some

store) ▪ rhizoid (root like structures) absorb water▪ live close to the ground▪ waxy cuticle on outer surface▪ live in moist areas because the sperm have flagella▪ Alternation of Generation (gametophyte is dominant)

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What are Liverworts

▪ flat, hairy rhizoids underneath. ▪ live in shady, moist areas

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What are mosses

▪ short, upright, anchored by rhizoids

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What are the roles and uses of bryophytes

Role▪ habitat for many small creatures▪ rebuilding soil (primary succession)Uses▪ soil conditioners▪ peat moss▪ medicine

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How do Bryophytes reproduce

▪ Nonvascular plants the gametophyte is the larger and more long-lived phase of the sexual life cycle

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