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Plants and Photosynthesis

Name: _________________


Date: ________________ Let’s revise the parts of the plant.

Look at the names of the parts carefully. Then turn to the next page and fill in the parts of the plant. Try not to peep at this page. When you have filled it all in look back and mark your own work.


Date: ________________

_____________

_____________

______________________________

___________________________

___________________

_________________________

_________________________

_______________________

___________________

___________________

_______

________

_______________________

_______________________


Match the parts of the plant with the work they do – their FUNCTION. Draw a line from the part of the plant to the function.

Produces food for the plant because it contains chlorophyll Holds the leaf out in

a good position to

trap sunlight

Causes the plant to grow in length by producing a shoot at the top of the plant.

This grows into a side shoot and often produces flowers and more

leaves.

This is an area of cells that are

actively growing

This root grows deep into the ground and anchors the plant firmly in the ground so that it does not blow over.

This root grows sideways and makes the plant stand firmly in the ground. It gives it extra stability in the ground. There are many of them and they increase the quantity of water that can be absorbed by the plant. The root hairs

absorb water and mineral salts from

the soil.

This part of the plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.


Read the functions of the plant on the previous

page and then answer the following questions.

Put a circle around the correct answer

1. Which part of the plant contains chlorophyll?

flower leaf root

2. Which part of the plant anchors it firmly into the soil so

that it cannot blow over?

stem roots leaves

3. Which part of the plant increases the surface area that can

absorb water for the plant?

roots stems flowers

4. What do we call the cells that are actively growing on the

stem?

nodes internodes cells

5. Which part holds the leaf in a good position for light?

stem petiole leaf blade

6. Which part of the plant produces side shoots?

root system stem leaves

C H L O R O P H Y L L A R A S A

R G A R E L A R E T A L G B H X

Y T I T N A U Q D F T H F S R I S U N L I G H T H A E S A O J L

G H R D B F J E G K R J E R D L

D S G F L G D S D L A G L P M A

P R I M A R Y K A O L D O T E R J F A D D R F C D K N R I I T Y

S R L K E A I S A J O R T O S A

K H M E S P K G L H F S E N Y H

R J D J A H A H C R A R P T S D S O F R H F J N K F G D R L N L

N H S G S T A B I L I T Y F J I

Find these words in the word search to help you to learn to spell them.

CHLOROPHYLL NODE INTERNODE AXILLARY LATERAL

PRIMARY PETIOLE BLADE LEAF ANCHOR ABSORPTION STABILITY APICAL SUNLIGHT SYSTEM QUANTITY


Here’s a bit more revision. Do you remember all the parts of the flower?

Take a good look at the

names of the parts of the flower. Do you remember these names? After having a good look, cover this picture and then fill in the names on the picture below. Colour the

picture in.

When you have filled in all the names look back and check your answers and the spellings.


Plants make their own food in their leaves. They do not get food from the soil or from water. The leaves can make food for the plant because they are green. The green

chemical in a leaf is called CHLOROPHYLL. Plants make food in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photosynthesis can take place slowly or quickly. It depends on the temperature of the air. Photosynthesis takes place more quickly when it is warm. To make food plants need these things:

Now see if you can answer these questions with TRUE or FALSE.

1. Plants get food from the soil. ____________

2. Plants make food in their green leaves. ____________

3. Water gives the plant the food it needs. _____________

4. It is the green chemical in leaves that helps make the food. ____________

5. To make food a plant needs oxygen. _____________

6. Chlorophyll is green. _______________

7. Photosynthesis makes chlorophyll. _______________

8. Photosynthesis is when the plants makes food in its leaves. ___________

9. A plant needs water to make food. ______________

10 The plant gets food from the sun. _______________

11 Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis. ______________

12 The speed of photosynthesis is always the same in a leaf. ___________

13 The speed of photosynthesis depends on the temperature. ___________

14 It needs to be warm for photosynthesis to take place quickly. __________

How do plants make food ?

sunlight water carbon dioxide chlorophyll

Here are the 4 things needed for photosynthesis

to take place:


When a plant makes food it takes the water and the carbon

dioxide and joins them together with the sun’s energy . To do this it

needs chlorophyll. A chemical reaction takes place inside the

chloroplasts (the little structures containing chlorophyll ).

A chemical reaction takes place inside the chloroplast because of the

chlorophyll. Then food is made for the plant. This food is called

GLUCOSE.

There is a waste product of photosynthesis. This waste product is

OXYGEN. During photosynthesis the plants gives off oxygen That is

why green plants are needed on the earth to make new oxygen for us

to breathe in.

carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen

sunlight

chlorophyll

What does

this mean?

Think of a CHLOROPLAST as a factory. In the pictures below fill in the names of

what is going on.

The first raw material needed to make food is _____________

_____________

The other raw material that is needed to make food is

_____________

What is this waste that is coming out?

_____________________

The green chemical inside the chloroplast is called

_____________________.

The main product made is

called ________________.


+ +

Now test yourself to see how much you have remembered. When you have finished, check your answers by turning back and finding the answers on the worksheets that you have already completed.

In the box write out the word formula that shows the process of photosynthesis.

____________________________

___________

______________

_________

_____________

____________

Now answer these questions based on this word formula.

1. What do we call the green chemical needed for photosynthesis?

____________________

2. Which gas is needed for photosynthesis? ____________________________

3. What 2 other raw materials are needed to make food? __________________

______________________________________________________________

4. What is the main product of photosynthesis? __________________________

5. What is the waste product of photosynthesis? _________________________

Now check your answers. Correct any that you got wrong.

WHAT DOES THE WORD PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEAN ?

This long word comes from 2 words: PHOTO – meaning LIGHT SYNTHESIS - meaning TO MAKE So the word means - making something from light. That something is food in the form of glucose.


1. How does the carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

The leaf has tiny holes on its surface. These holes are called STOMATA. One of these holes is called a STOMA. Most of the stomata are on the under surface of the leaf. There are a few stomata on the top surface. The carbon dioxide DIFFUSES into the stomata.

More facts about PHOTOSYNTHESIS

carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen

sunlight

chlorophyll

BUT HOW DO ALL THESE

THINGS GET INTO THE

LEAF?

Stomata on the surface of a leaf.

(Highly magnified)

Fill in the missing words: A leaf has tiny __________________ on

its ___________________.

These holes are called

______________________. One of

these holes is called a

_________________. Most of the

stomata are on the ________________

surface of the leaf. There are a few

_____________________ on the top

surface of the ________________. The

carbon __________________ diffuses

into the ____________________.

Write these words out 3x each:

photosynthesis ____________________ ________________________ __________________

stomata ____________________ ________________________ __________________

chlorophyll ____________________ ________________________ __________________

dioxide ____________________ ________________________ __________________

Why do you think there are more stomata on the under surface of the leaf? ____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

_____


2. How does the SUNLIGHT enter the leaf?

The inside of the leaf is designed to trap sunlight.

The top layer of the leaf is covered with a clear waxy

layer. This lets the sunlight in but stops the water

from escaping from the surface of the leaf.

The cells under the waxy layer have only a few

chloroplasts and let the sunlight through.

The long cells under this layer have the chloroplasts

arranged on the sides so the sunlight can get down

deep into the leaf.

The petiole holds the leaf blade out in a way to catch

maximum light.

Match up the 2 halves of a sentence by joining them with a coloured pencil

line.

The inside of a leaf

the sunlight to enter the leaf.

The top layer of the leaf

is well designed to trap sunlight.

This waxy layer allows

only have a few chloroplasts so they are quite transparent.

is covered with a clear, waxy layer.

The waxy layer also

stops water from leaving the cells inside the leaf.

The cells under the waxy layer

the sunlight can enter deep into the cells of the leaf.

Because the chloroplasts are down the side of the cells it means that

The long cells in the leaf

have the chloroplasts arranged down the sides of the cells.

The petiole is the leaf stalk and it

holds the leaf blade in a good position to catch sunlight.

Watch The process of photosynthesis at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYbMPwmwx88

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYbMPwmwx88


The plant uses the glucose for:

1. Energy – for all the processes in the plant

such as respiration, photosynthesis etc.

2. Growth – for new shoots, fruits and flowers.

3. Storage – extra glucose that is not immediately is

stored – not as fat but as starch. It could be stored in

the leaves, stem or root. One of our main food

sources is the stored starch of plants eg potatoes,

carrots, turnips etc. It is also stored in the fruit of a

plant eg apples, oranges etc. They also store the

starch in their leaves for when it is dark and the plant

cannot photosynthesise because there is no sunlight.

What does the plant do with all the food it makes?

What happens to all the food you eat? 1. It is used for energy for all your activities. 2. It is used for cell growth if you are a growing adolescent. 3. Any excess is stored – as FAT! (specially on our bellies

and hips

It is exactly the same for a plant !

SO...

Read the fact sheet above then do this activity.

1. Name 2 processes that a plant needs energy for? ____________________

and __________________________.

2. What growth is taking place that the plant needs energy for?

____________________________________________________________

3. In what form does the plant store its extra glucose? ___________________

4. Where is this starch stored? ______________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. Why are some plants so important to man? _________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. Why do plants store starch in their leaves? __________________________

____________________________________________________________


What do we mean

by BIOMASS ?

When a plant photosynthesises it produces a lot of glucose. It grows and gets larger. Its mass increases. We call this an increase in BIOMASS.

The plant has grown bigger and bigger (increased its biomass) using carbon dioxide, water and the sun’s energy together with chlorophyll.

Name the 4 things that a plant needs to be able to increase its BIOMASS.

1. _______________________

2. _______________________

3. _______________________

4. _______________________

A small, young

plant.

The same plant 5 weeks later with a great increase in

BIOMASS

Look at the list above. Three of these things will affect how much food a plant can make. They are:

1. Sunlight 2. Water 3. Carbon dioxide.

TEMPERATURE also

affects the rate of

photosynthesis. Plants

can’t make food

(photosynthesise) if the

temperature is too hot

and they also can’t if the

temperature is too cold.

They like the

temperature to be just

right – not too hot and

not too cold.


What happens if you increase the light that the plant gets?

Strong light

source

Weak light

source What is happening here? What effect is the light

having?

Lots of bubbles

of oxygen

Fewer bubbles

of oxygen

From the drawings above we can see that if you give a plant

more __________________ then ____________________

will be faster. When there is a strong light close to the plant

we can see ____________ of bubbles of ________________.

When the light source is weaker or further away then we can

see ___________________ bubbles of _________________.

When plants photosynthesise they give off _______________

as a by product.

Choose words from this box to fill in the spaces below. You may use some of the words more than once.

oxygen photosynthesis lots fewer light

When is photosynthesis strongest?

In the or at

Put a circle around the sun (day) or the moon (night).

Explain why you made this choice. ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

Watch how plants respond to a light source at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3Oj2er-91s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3Oj2er-91s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3Oj2er-91s


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_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

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Use the pictures in this diagram to explain the

process of photosynthesis in your own words.


The structure of a leaf and its role in photosynthesis.

Leaves are green because they contain a PIGMENT called CHLOROPHYLL.

The chlorophyll is found in small bodies called CHLOROPLASTS.

Chlorophyll can catch the energy of the sun.

The chloroplasts are found in the palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf.

The chloroplasts are arranged down the sides of these cells so that the sunlight can get to all

the chloroplasts.

This makes sure that the maximum amount of light is absorbed by the chlorophyll inside the

chloroplasts.

Complete these facts:

1. Leaves are green because _________________________________

2. Chlorophyll is found ______________________________________

3. Chlorophyll can catch _____________________________________

4. Chloroplasts are found ____________________________________

5. The arrangement of the chloroplasts in the cells makes sure that

______________________________________________________

Why are leaves green?


More facts about leaves….

The veins transport water around the leaf blade

The petiole or leaf stalk holds the leaf in a

good position to catch the light.

The leaf is very thin so the light can reach all the cells inside the leaf

The leaf is very wide so it can trap a lot of

light.

Use each of the keywords below to write a fact about the leaf.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

veins thin wide leaf stalk


How a leaf is adapted to help

photosynthesis happen.

Photosynthesis can happen in a leaf because of the way that the cells are arranged inside the leaf. Each different type of tissue has a very important function. UPPER EPIDERMIS On top of the epidermis is the CUTICLE. The cuticle is WAXY and stops water from evaporating out of the leaf. The epidermis is clear and this lets the light straight through to the cells lower down.

PALISADE PARENCHYMA

This is where photosynthesis takes place because they contain green bodies called CHLOROPLASTS.

The chloroplasts are arranged down the sides of the cells so that the light can shine down the middle of the cells and maximise photosynthesis.

The palisade cells are long and thin and packed tightly together. They are near the top of the leaf where they can get the maximum amount of sunlight.

Chloroplasts contain CHLOROPHYLL. The chlorophyll can absorb the energy from the sun.

THE SPONGY MESOPHYLL LAYER

These cells are below the palisade cells and they also contain chloroplasts. The cells are loosely packed and the airspaces allows carbon dioxide to get to all the

mesophyll cells. LOWER EPIDERMIS The cells contain small holes. These are the STOMATA. The stomata allow carbon

dioxide into the leaf and oxygen out of the leaf.

First look carefully at the previous diagram of the leaf. Then fill in the labels on this diagram. Check and correct any

errors.

Here is a page of important facts to

learn !


How a leaf is adapted to help photosynthesis happen.

Read these facts about the leaf blade. Then answer the questions that follow.

The shape of the leaf

The leaf blade is BROAD and FLAT.

This gives a large surface area for gases to enter and leave the leaf.

The leaf blade is very thin

This means that the carbon dioxide can dissolve very rapidly though the leaf blade.

Moist internal surfaces

The gasses can dissolve easily into the cells.

Arrangement of the chloroplasts in the leaf

The chloroplasts are arranged down the sides of the cells and allow the light to pass

through their centre. This allows maximum light to enter and pass over the chloroplasts.

The waxy cuticle on the upper surface

This waxy layer prevents the water in the leaf from evaporating. Some plants have hairs

on their upper surface to further prevent water loss.

The stomata are on the lower surface of the leaf

The stomata are open during the day. CO2 can enter the leaf but water can also diffuse

out. Being on the lower surface prevents too much water escaping as they are not in

direct contact with the sun’s rays.

Stomata are microscopic pores found on the lower epidermis of leaves.

There are guard cells on either side of the opening. Each guard cell contains chloroplasts.

The guard cells either open or close the

opening of the stomata.


The leaf blade is broad and flat

The leaf blade is very thin

The internal surfaces of the leaf are very moist

The chloroplasts are arranged down the sides of the cells.

There is a waxy cuticle on the upper epidermis of the leaf.

Some plants have hairs on their upper surface.

The chloroplasts are arranged down the sides of the cells

The stomata are on the lower

surface of the leaf

This means that the gasses can

dissolve very rapidly though the

leaf blade.

This prevents the water in the leaf from evaporating

This allows the light to pass through their centre and give maximum light to the chloroplasts.

Being on the lower surface prevents too much water escaping as they are not in direct contact with the sun’s rays.

This allows the light to pass through their centre. This allows maximum light to enter and pass over the chloroplasts.

This gives a large surface area for gases to enter and leave the leaf.

This prevents excessive loss of water in hot, dry climates like the desert.

This means that the carbon dioxide can dissolve very rapidly though the leaf blade.

Join the facts together with a coloured pencil. Each fact on the left column matches a fact in the

right side column.

stoma on leaf surface


What do we mean

by BIOMASS ?

1. What does a plant produce when it

photosynthesises? ___________________

2. What happens to the plant when there is an

increase in biomass? __________________

___________________________________

3. What do we call the green chemical in

leaves? ____________________________

4. What 3 other things need to be present for

photosynthesis to take place? ___________

___________________________________

Name the 4 things that a plant needs to increase its biomass

1. ______________________________

2. ______________________________

3. ______________________________

4. ______________________________

Name 4 factors (things) that can make the rate of photosynthesis faster or slower.

1. ____________________________

2. ____________________________

3. ____________________________

4. ____________________________

plants and photosynthesis - burt books and photosynthesis name: _____ look for more resources at 2...

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