Plant Protection policies and concept, present status

Federal System

Ganesh KKC

Entomologist

Former Sec. GoN

Protection policies and structures- Past concept, present status –way forward in

Federal System

Ganesh KKC

Entomologist

Former Sec. GoN

Getting into

Agriculture and Lahure - traditional people

At present Laahure vocation getting priority to Agriculture.

Subsistence nature Agriculture- least preferred vocation. Despite Agriculture Provides a livelihood for population, contributing one-third population, contributing one-third constituting more than half of the country’s exports.

Now

nal vocation of majority of Nepalese

At present Laahure vocation getting priority to Agriculture.

least preferred vocation. Despite livelihood for approximately two-thirds of the

third of the country’s GDP, and third of the country’s GDP, and constituting more than half of the country’s exports.

Now

Bang bang

Cont..

Government system from a unitary to a federal republicgreater authority and autonomy to subnational units

Already governance of Nepal’s agricoordination, low human resources oriented financial resources. oriented financial resources.

Addressing these issues may become more challenging under a federal structure

• n so need judicious planning and dreaming

Government system from a unitary to a federal republic—with greater authority and autonomy to subnational units

agricultural sector suffers from poor rces capacity, and inadequate program

Addressing these issues may become more challenging under a

n so need judicious planning and dreaming

PPS Milestones on Agriculture development

Modernization of agriculture, AEA 1840

In 1900 BS Cardamom first commodcentre in Patna

In 1907 B.S. ornamental plants and some grass / fodder imported, pest In 1907 B.S. ornamental plants and some grass / fodder imported, pest record

Recognition of Plant Protection as aday agriculture since 2010 BS

value of Plant protection realized with five-year Periodic plan in 2013 BS.

on Agriculture

AEA 1840 - 50 BS

modity in trade. Cardamom market

and improved breeds of Livestock and est also might have entered, but no

and improved breeds of Livestock and est also might have entered, but no

as an essential component of modern

realized with the implementation of first year Periodic plan in 2013 BS.

Past notes…2014 BS Agriculture college providing training on

In 2016 BS, Plant protection JT level specialist in w/special training on Plant protection (PP).

After 2018, research farms and stations PP

Seri business started AEA 1967 BS finally after 5Seri status attained

Japanese Expert who came to Nepal to ain 1981 BS also verifies that technically, Nin 1981 BS also verifies that technically, Ndays were no less than in any of the regional

2008 BS: Nepal became the member of FAO program for crop development, livestock dLand development was initiated with support

Dr. D.R Sharma was its first Chief Entomologist and B. here Expert’s contribution from USA needwork in the beginning.

2030 BS: Plant quarantine unit started

training on Plant protection services.

In 2016 BS, Plant protection JT level specialist in Agri extension section created PP).

PP unit

Seri business started AEA 1967 BS finally after 5th attempts in 2024 BS Present

to advice in modernization of Agriculture lly, Nepalese Agriculture system in those lly, Nepalese Agriculture system in those

days were no less than in any of the regional countries

FAO and then in the same year a Point -4 ock development and plant protection and

Land development was initiated with support US technical support.

Entomologist and B. Khadka First Pathologist and need appreciation for guiding PP related

Policy As a matter of fact there is no separbeginning a working principal for pest control : judicious use of chemical control integrated with cultural practices.

2046 BS: Agriculture Perspective Plan Agroecosystem management approach would be taken as Plant Protection activity implementation Protection activity implementation

A Separate IPM policy was developed in 2013 AD but yet not approved from GON.

After 2040 Sericulture, Apiculture angaining momentum . Plant protectioPolicy, Apiculture Policy started appearing.

eparate PPS policy however form the beginning a working principal for pest control : judicious use of chemical control integrated with cultural practices.

Perspective Plan has emphasized that Agroecosystem management approach would be taken as Plant Protection activity implementation Policy. Protection activity implementation Policy.

Separate IPM policy was developed in 2013 AD but yet not

re and Post harvest activities started ection Act. Pesticide Act, Sericulture

Policy, Apiculture Policy started appearing.

In short

After the establishment Entomology Section, in works encompassing different aspecagriculture and Forestry Sectors jumping and moving in form, from one place to other, one commodity to

Now the influence is all over the cofocus is on FFS .

HR status from 2-4 Experts to at present 150 (approx. NARC/DOA)

Now PP Flavour in all commodities .

After the establishment Entomology Section, in 2010 entomological spects of Plant Protection service in jumping and moving in one or other

form, from one place to other, one commodity to other.

e country FAO food security project

4 Experts to at present 150 (approx. NARC/DOA)

Now PP Flavour in all commodities .

Major activities at SinghadarbarPP office

Biological studies fruits and cereals pests

Training on safe storage

Collection, identification and preservation, including , Fumigation services in govGodowns

Survey of pest and disease in different ecological belts.

Museum and Herbarium sajabatMuseum and Herbarium sajabat

Efficacy test of the chemical pesticides

Silk worm rearing n expand the bi-

Support commodity program.

Junior level HR technicians.

Singhadarbar and Minbhawan

and cereals pests

identification and preservation, rearing,, pest control govGodowns

different ecological belts.

pesticides

-voltine silk

Sreemahal to KhumaltarHariharbhawan.

2026 BS it moved from Shree Mahal to

overall management at National level was of Pathology.

After NARC in 2052 BS the technoloAfter NARC in 2052 BS the technoloservice providing part was moved to

In all 75 districts, PPO post was created and officials Directorate with pesticide registration and management office, national Plant quarantine program, IPM

Post-harvest Loss reduction management program, directorate.

Khumaltar to

BS it moved from Shree Mahal to Khumaltar.

overall management at National level was of Entomology and

ology dissemination and diagnostic ology dissemination and diagnostic service providing part was moved to PPD DoA.

In all 75 districts, PPO post was created and officials Plant Protection pesticide registration and management office,

national Plant quarantine program, IPM and NPPO.

Loss reduction management program, as separate

PPD Present Org.Structure PPD Present Org.Structure

Srimahal- Khumaltar and HariharBhawan

PP units at research farms and stations and also established different laboratories in the section.

Till 90’s era thrust of the pest control on

Plant Quarantine Act and regulation formulation.

Pl pathology Mushroom species collection and cultivation

Seed pathology and virology division also started

Plant Pathologist and entomologist carried the Plant Pathologist and entomologist carried the epidemics.

sericulture, Bee keeping, Biological control of Eupatorium

Pesticide registration, testing

By 80’s Integrated Pest management concept entered in the entomological research circle and IPM has been considered as pest control strategy of Government of Nepal.

Supervising phytosanitary treatments for the import and export of plant commodities

Conducting pest risk analysis (PRA)

and

stations and also established different

on the use of chemical pesticide.

formulation.

species collection and cultivation.

Seed pathology and virology division also started

carried the crop survey and handle Pest carried the crop survey and handle Pest

sericulture, Bee keeping, Biological control of Eupatorium weed

By 80’s Integrated Pest management concept entered in the entomological research circle and IPM has been considered as pest control strategy of

Supervising phytosanitary treatments for the import and export of plant

Regional PP laboratory

• Diagnosis of disease and pest and weeds nematodes

• Carry participatory farmers managed research

• Preparation of regional pest maps

• Conduction of FFS

• Regulating and controlling pesticide

• Diagnostic survey

• Pesticide monitoring • Pesticide monitoring

• Conducting trials and studies

District PP work

• Sericulture

• Apiculture services

• IPM field school

• Plant Clinic

of disease and pest and weeds nematodes

Carry participatory farmers managed research

Handling Epidemics

Survey surveillance Pesticide monitoring

Bio pesticide testing and Use Monitoring

Good agricultural practices for pest management

Post harvest and loss management

Enactment of Acts rules, regulation, and guideline ,Plant

Some Challenges

Chemical pesticide use Increasing trend . Some years back almost for two decades the pesticide consumption was at 142gm a.i per haconsumption was at 142gm a.i per ha

Recent studies done for PPD PRMO by a group of Entobe 0.396 kg a.i per ha

Maintaining its Disciplinary Identity in coming days

Adoption of global and regional standards in Plant protection work (ISPMs/RSPM) • Identification of endangered area

• Appropriate level of protection (ALOP)

• Pest free area (PFA),Certification

Laboratory accreditation

handling pest biology and Phenology due to CC

,Plant protection services

Some Challenges

Chemical pesticide use Increasing trend . Some years back almost for two decades the pesticide

ntomologist including me and friends report that it to

Adoption of global and regional standards in Plant protection work (ISPMs/RSPM)

Strong Plant protectioIn olden days’ vagaries from disease wento/Pathos managing the curse.

Many DADO officials report that morethe farmers is on PPS

Nepal Constitutions emphasizes the importance of PPS

a strong institution of Plant Protection and Local level is essentialand Local level is essential

Increasing the per hectare yield protecting insects, diseases and weeds 20-25% in Pre harvest and 25harvest n harvest the beneficial outcome of other

Human and Animal health threatned

Overuse and misuse of chemical pesticide health concern of many

Facilitate agriculture trade through efficient Quarantine Services

tion Institutions why!e were taken as God’s cursing and we

ore than 60 % of services required by

Nepal Constitutions emphasizes the importance of PPS

strong institution of Plant Protection institution at Federation, Province

protecting crops from damages from 25% in Pre harvest and 25-30 % in Post

the beneficial outcome of other inputs.

threatned from many pests

Overuse and misuse of chemical pesticide health concern of many

Facilitate agriculture trade through efficient Quarantine Services

• comply or fulfil bilateral and multi lateral commitments

• Enforce the Acts and regulation aspects of PPS

• Promote –insect based industry sericulture , Apiculture, Mushroom and bio-pesticide

• Ensure safe and healthy food monitoring of pesticides and safe use and safe use

• Manage pest in Climate change scenario .

• Transport and building construcLivestock Ministries a

• Within different directorate VegeDirectorate, Fruit development directorate

comply or fulfil bilateral and multi lateral commitments

Enforce the Acts and regulation aspects of PPS

insect based industry sericulture , Apiculture,

monitoring of pesticides imports

Manage pest in Climate change scenario .

truction, health , Population and

Vegetable Development, Training Directorate, Fruit development directorate, need of Many

Federal system Policies regarding development

Introducing scientific land reform by enbenefit of farmers.

Increasing produce and productivity through land plotting and by discouraging absentee land ownership.

Protecting and promoting rights and inland use policy for increasing productioProtecting and promoting rights and inland use policy for increasing productioand for commercialization, industrialization, diversification and modernization of agriculture;

Making proper utilization of land through proper regulation and management on the basis of productivmaintaining environmental balance.

Making arrangements for agricultural appropriate price for the produce. PP is inseparable part of

regarding agriculture development (art 51)

y ending dual ownership of land for the

Increasing produce and productivity through land plotting and by discouraging absentee land ownership.

nd interests of peasants and utilizing the uction and productivity of agriculture nd interests of peasants and utilizing the uction and productivity of agriculture

and for commercialization, industrialization, diversification and

Making proper utilization of land through proper regulation and ctivity of land, its nature, and also by

ural tools and an access to market with appropriate price for the produce. PP is inseparable part of Agri dev

SCHEDULE 5 (RELATED TO ARTICLE 57(1) AND 109) List of Federal Powers/Jurisdiction

Central statistics (national and international standards and

International trades, exchange, ports and

International treaties and agreements,

National and international ecology management SCHEDULE 6

(RELATED WITH ARTICLE 57 (2), 162 (4), 197, 231 (3), 232 (7), 269 (4) AND 289 (4) List of Provincial Powers/Jurisdiction

Tax on remuneration, land and house regiTax on remuneration, land and house regientertainment tax, advertisement tax, taxservice charge and penalties and fines

Provincial civil service, and other government services

Provincial statistics

Management of national forest, water res

Agriculture and livestock development, factories, industrialization, business, transportatio

Central statistics (national and international standards and qualities

, exchange, ports and quarantines

National and international ecology management SCHEDULE 6

(RELATED WITH ARTICLE 57 (2), 162 (4), 197, 231 (3), 232 (7), 269 (4) AND 289 (4) List of Provincial Powers/Jurisdiction

registration fee, vehicle tax, excise duty, registration fee, vehicle tax, excise duty, , tax on tourism and agricultural income,

Provincial civil service, and other government services

r resources and ecology within the province

Agriculture and livestock development, factories, industrialization, business,

SCHEDULE 7 (RELATED TO ARTICLE 57(3), 109, 162 (4), AND 197) List of Concurrent (federal and provincial) Powers/Jurisdiction

Land policy and related legal provisions

Medical, legal, audit, engineering, and other professions

Medicine and pesticides

SCHEDULE 8 SCHEDULE 8

(RELATED TO 57 (4), 214 (2), 221 (2) AND 226 (1) List of Powers/Jurisdiction for Local Level

Local roads, rural roads, agriculture roads, irrigation

Farming and livestock, agriculture phealth, cooperativ

(RELATED TO ARTICLE 57(3), 109, 162 (4), AND 197) List of Concurrent (federal and provincial) Powers/Jurisdiction

Land policy and related legal provisions

Medical, legal, audit, engineering, ayurved, veterinary services, Amchi

CHEDULE 8 CHEDULE 8

(RELATED TO 57 (4), 214 (2), 221 (2) AND 226 (1) List of Powers/Jurisdiction for Local Level

Local roads, rural roads, agriculture roads, irrigation

re production management, livestock

SCHEDULE 9 (RELATED TO 57 (5), 109, 197, 214 (2), 221 (1) AND 226 (1) List of concurrent Powers/JurisdictioLocal Level

Agriculture

Services like electricity, drinking water, irrigation

Forest, wildlife, birds, water use, environment, ecology and biodiversity biodiversity

Disaster management

(RELATED TO 57 (5), 109, 197, 214 (2), 221 (1) AND 226 (1) ction for federations, provincial and

like electricity, drinking water, irrigation

Forest, wildlife, birds, water use, environment, ecology and

Three Tiers of Government old n NewOLD NEW

1 Central Federal

2 5 Development

Regions

7 Provinces ( till date )3 75 Districts

4 1 Metropolitan 5 Metropolitan city 4 1 Metropolitan

Municipality

5 Metropolitan city

5 4 sub metropolitan

city

13 sub metropolitan

6

217municiplty 246 urban council

481 Rural council

7 3157VDC 6680wards

Three Tiers of Government old n New

7 Provinces ( till date ) DDC becomes DCC

5 Metropolitan city 5 Metropolitan city

13 sub metropolitan

246 urban council

481 Rural council

3-tiers and their numbers tiers and their numbers

Nos Of Local level govern

SN Province Total

1 128

2 127

3 119

4 85

5 109

6 79

7 87

Total 7 744

ernment in each Province

Total nos of LG

128

127

119

85

109

79

87

744

Task For Federation National government assigned with policy, regulatory and capacity building functions

Province and local government be responsible for PP

Sericulture, Mushroom, Apiculture also should have managed under Plant protection System.

The National plant protection InstitThe National plant protection Institalso coordinate with Research unit under MOAD.

Guide Plant protection research towards the generation of innovations and new knowledge and growth especially for the poor, small

Task For Federation with policy, regulatory and capacity

and local government be responsible for PP service .

, Mushroom, Apiculture also should have equal thrust but managed under Plant protection System.

nstitute at all the three level should nstitute at all the three level should also coordinate with Research unit under MOAD.

Plant protection research towards the generation of innovations and new knowledge and technologies and enhance

especially for the poor, small farmers and entrepreneurs.

Some thoughts :

Agriculture is mentioned under Nepagovernment ,

All discipline must address the logical connections of the dev in al tiers of government

research addressing the all ecological belts or national importance or related to export commodity be done by research addressing the all ecological belts or national importance or related to export commodity be done by research by the farmers research or onlocal government.

For next three years’ period. The local government may not have the required HR and Infra so these can sho

On the first year all local government should develop a5 years plan approach for production as well as supporting services like PPS approach

epal constitutions in all three levels of

address the logical connections of the of research and

addressing the all ecological belts or national importance or done by Provincial government and

addressing the all ecological belts or national importance or done by Provincial government and

research by the farmers research or on-site farm research, be done by

For next three years’ period. The local government may not have the should be supported by the federation

the first year all local government should develop a5 years plan approach for production as well as supporting services like PPS approach

Tips cont….

The federal government need to take the responsibility of Plant protection related research by providing a sustainable funding mlaboratories equipped with the right equipment and highly trained personnel.

Such research be done in partnerships with Ainterested in agriculture and plant protection research.

At the same time, the federal government must define the research priorities of the At the same time, the federal government must define the research priorities of the country to achieve the nation goals as set in the 14 maintaining a dynamic relationship to generaagro-climatic and socio-economic conditions. –a farmer

Each province must set up its own midstream research services in close partnerships with the local levels who are tasked to test and validate technologies in actual field conditions.

The goal is to develop technologies suited to the farms of the farmers in a locality.

federal government need to take the responsibility of Plant protection related ng mechanism and setting up of the required

laboratories equipped with the right equipment and highly trained personnel.

th AFU and TU and also private organizations interested in agriculture and plant protection research.

the same time, the federal government must define the research priorities of the the same time, the federal government must define the research priorities of the country to achieve the nation goals as set in the 14 th Plan goals in agriculture

nerate technologies appropriate to their own economic conditions. Make farmers –Scientist and Technicians

province must set up its own midstream research services in close partnerships are tasked to test and validate technologies in actual field

The goal is to develop technologies suited to the farms of the farmers in a locality.

private sector may be not generating aneed, for poor and the marginal farmers.

In areas where the private sector is mefarmers, government must refrain from engaging on the same activity

Given small farm sizes of Nepali agriculture and given the multinature of small farms, it is critical that dissemination be adequately addressed

International commitments (OIE, WTO, IPPC, Codex, SAARC, SAFTA, International commitments (OIE, WTO, IPPC, Codex, SAARC, SAFTA, BIMESTEC, and climate change), emergence and repathogenic trans-boundary disease and pest can put agriculture greater risk and vulnerabilities than ever

Some of these agreements like Agreement on Agriculture (application of Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary Measures (SPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Trade

ing and selling the technologies farmer’s need, for poor and the marginal farmers.

s meeting the technology needs of the farmers, government must refrain from engaging on the same activity.

small farm sizes of Nepali agriculture and given the multi-commodity nature of small farms, it is critical that PP technology, development and

addressed.

International commitments (OIE, WTO, IPPC, Codex, SAARC, SAFTA, International commitments (OIE, WTO, IPPC, Codex, SAARC, SAFTA, change), emergence and re-emergence of highly

and pest can put agriculture sector greater risk and vulnerabilities than ever before be strict …….

Some of these agreements like Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), the Sanitary Measures (SPS), Technical

Future need vision

One of the major concerns in the restructuring process is wheshould lie since, research and development (R&D) is allocated to both the federal and province levels in the new Constitution.

Integrated pest management including Insect, nematode and pathogen

Plant protection service back up with research

Forecasting, forewarning of pests and diseases

Pest and pesticide risk analysis

Pesticide residue management

Insect vector and disease relationship

Quality assurance, and safety of food products Modern technology based PPS approach

To assess the impact of climate change on agricultural produc

Plant protection field could be a field of interest to develop easy change signal

Pest control tools not causing any harm to beneficial insect.

where responsibilities for plant protection related research should lie since, research and development (R&D) is allocated to both the federal and province levels in the new

, nematode and pathogen biodiversity physiological resistance etc

products Modern technology based PPS approach

duction and plant protection services systems and sustaining

develop easy tools and bio indicators for rapid identification of climate

Pest control tools not causing any harm to beneficial insect.

Institutional future of PP

Based on yesterday work, todays demand on plant protection services an idea to make Plant protection services for the farmers and by the farmer’s

Nepal’s federal Constitution has provided three lthe Province and the Local. This overall institutional shift will have implication planning, and execution of overall agricultural development program including Modernization program.

Most prominently the implication in the existing central level Technical human resources, Most prominently the implication in the existing central level Technical human resources, Agriculture research and extension system

Nepal now has 7 provinces, and 744 (till date) Local levels comprising of village or municipal development councils which as per the constitutions has the power to Local development projects and programs, and services including farming, agriculture management, livestock health and cooperative.

Against this backdrop it is essential to see the impexisting regional and centrally managed program and foresee the requirement of additional technical HR for pest management and enactment of regulatory

Institutional future of PP

Based on yesterday work, todays demand on plant protection services an idea to make Plant protection services for the farmers and by the farmer’s is needed in days to come

ree levels of government system: The Federation, the Province and the Local. This overall institutional shift will have implication planning, and execution of overall agricultural development program including ADS and PM Agriculture

Most prominently the implication in the existing central level Technical human resources, Most prominently the implication in the existing central level Technical human resources,

Nepal now has 7 provinces, and 744 (till date) Local levels comprising of village or municipal development councils which as per the constitutions has the power to Local development

including farming, agriculture production and pest and cooperative.

implication in Plant protection services and the existing regional and centrally managed program and foresee the requirement of additional technical HR for pest management and enactment of regulatory aspect. A Org/ S is proposed

My vision for Agricuin Federal System

MOAD

Department of Agriculture Production

and distribution

Department of Plant protection and

Agriculture Services

iculture Development

MOAD

Department of Agriculture Marketing

and Value chain

Department of Agriculture Research

and Education

Ministry Of Agriculture Development

Protection and Post Harvest

Plant Quarantine Division

Regional Quarantine

Stations

Quarantine Check

posts

IPM and climate change Division

IPM Field School

Diagnostic services

Survey

surveillance PRA and PRM

Sericulture Mushroom and Apiculture Division

Apiculture

Ministry Of Agriculture Development

Quarantine ,Plant

Protection and Post Harvest Department

Sericulture Mushroom and Apiculture Division

Sericulture Mushroom Dev

Post Harvest value chain division

Perishable

Durables

Pesticide

monitoring

Division

Planning Coordination

Monitoring and Evaluation

NPPO Secretariat

vincial Department of Agricultu

Provincial Department of Agriculture and Plant Protection Services

Admin and Finance wings

Pesticide Registration and Management Unit

IPM and FFS unit Sericulture

Development

lture and Plant Protection Serv

Provincial Department of Agriculture and Plant Protection Services

Planning and Monitoring wings

Survey,survielliance, PRA unit

Diagnostic and Pesticide Ananlysis

laboratory Laboratory

Technology tailoring and dissemination and Backstopping to Local

level PP unit

Local level Agriculture development

Agriculture and Rural

Development Center

Agronomy /Hortproduction and Market

Extension Unit (JT)

Soil and Irrigtion

Development

Fisheries Development

Unit (JT)(JT)

Warm water Fisheries

Developemnt

Cold water fisheries

Development

IPM FFS and PP services

level Agriculture and Market

Plant protection post

harvest and sericulture

Development)Development)

IPM FFS and PP services

Sericulture/Apiculture

Pesticide Monitoring

and On farm trials

FFacilitatorsFarmers Group

F Facilitators Farmers Group

FFacilitatorsFacilitators

Farmers farmers Farmers

FarmeFarmers G

A look to friendly countries system A look to friendly countries system

Examples of SA

EG of SA

NPPO of GoI

NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PLANT PROTECTION ADVISER

Plant Protection

Plant Quarantine Protection

(IPM) Quarantine

(PQ)

5 Regional Central IPM

Centres

5 Regional PQ Stations

3333003 26 CIPMCs

30 PQSs

NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PLANT PROTECTION ADVISER

Locust Control

Pesticide Registration & Control Registration &

Quality Control

1. Sectt. for Registration of

Pesticides

2. Central Insecticide Lab.

3. Regional Pesticide

Testing Labs.

Locust Warning

Organization

10 LWO Offices

Organizational chart of Organizational chart of Malayasia

But in our case, It is early to say Ho

Program will run as

How the Local level Agri. Development

Broad frame work of Tasks , However I feel

Surveys, eradication of outbreaks, contingency plans, scontrol of imports, registration of professional operatocertificate: F/P/L

Survey plan for routine diagnosis/general surveillance/latent infection/pest

Pest surveillance and Pest Management:F/P/L

Pest forecast- Federation

Pest identification -Federation

Pest verification - Federation with main support from Province

PRA –Federation and province

eradication of outbreaks –F/P/L

Notification of pest occurrences – Federation

control of imports - Federation

Issuance of certificate - Federation

ISPM 27: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests for PQ authority and pest surveillance for

Broad frame work of Tasks , However I

ns, simulation exercises, notification of pest occurrences, rators, authorization of professional operators to issue

Survey plan for routine diagnosis/general surveillance/latent infection/pest eradication : F/P/L

Federation with main support from Province

ISPM 27: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests for PQ authority and pest surveillance for NPPO FPL

To conclude

At the local level pest management for Imporprogram should get priority that also can recognized your locality. government must emphasize on reduction of 25percent of food loss in post-harvest strengthening the export potential commodities complying the international obligation and commitments

PPD / NPPO should efficiently enact Pesticide rules and regulation and advice policy formulation and execution of acts policpolicy formulation and execution of acts policrespectively.

Rules and regulation especially IPM policy, Plant Protection Act and regulation and Pesticide Acts and regulation need to be amended immediately as level also act as Pesticide Inspector, sericulturdevelopment and IPM program. Now the Conat Federation and PROVINCIAL level only.

It’s an era of IPM approach and the food secuapproach also must duly recognize the IPM approach of PC

port substitution commodities development program should get priority that also can recognized your locality. Province and Federal government must emphasize on reduction of 25-30 percent of pre harvest and 25-30

harvest strengthening the export potential commodities complying the international obligation and commitments.

PPD / NPPO should efficiently enact Pesticide rules and regulation and advice GoN for policy and regulation by all levels of government policy and regulation by all levels of government

Rules and regulation especially IPM policy, Plant Protection Act and regulation and Pesticide Acts and regulation need to be amended immediately as PPO at the district

ulture and bee keeping activities, mush room Constitutions allows this activity to be carried

security and Commercialization of agriculture approach also must duly recognize the IPM approach of PC

Thank youThank youThank youThank you