sericulture 2003
TRANSCRIPT
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(Sogdian silk, 8th century)
HISTORYCHINA IS THE ORIGIN OF SERICULTURE.
CHINESE LADY NAMED HSI-LING-SHIH INVENTED MYSTERY OF SILKWORM COCOONS ACCIDENTALY.
IT IS SAID THAT SILK IS DISCOVERED BEFORE 3000 B.C.
ART OF SILK PRODUCTION WAS A SECRET UPTO 200 B.C. ( FOR ABOUT 2800 YEARS )
TRADING OF SILK WAS THROUGH THE SILK ROAD AT THAT TIME.
BY ABOUT 300 AD SERICULTURE HAD SPREAD TO INDIAFROM KOREA.
SILK ROAD
IN 1857, WORLD SERICULTURE INDUSTRY SUFFERED FROMPEBRINE DISEASE.
THIS ALMOST DESTROYED EUROPIAN SERICULTURE INDUSTRY.
LOUIS PASTEUR DISCOVER “MME” TECHNIQUE TO CONTROLL THAT DISEASE
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Silk was exported along the Silk Road (the ancient trade route linking China and the Roman Empire). This trade brought China a great wealth, but the Chinese did not give away the secret on how silk was produced.
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Aryans discovered the silk worm in sub himalayan region Silk from kashmir to bengal was exported to european markets during
14 & 15 century Tippu sultan of mysore laid foundation in mysore(karnataka produces
70% of countrys raw silk) 1771- chiness silk worm was introduced in India to improve the quality
of cocoons 1717-1775- Italian method of raring was introduced by east India
company 1942- silk conference at delhi Silk expansion scheme – to meet the requirements of parachute cloth 1949- central silk board 1963- CSTRI at mysore 1964-tassar research station Regional research stations are establioshed in Salem ,trivendram ,
Anatapur ,kollegeal , Bangalore , majra , pampore
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Though India is the second largest silk producer in the World after China, it accounts forjust 5% of the global silk market, since the bulk of Indian silk thread and silk cloth are consumed domestically.
Germany is the largest consumer of Indian silk. The sericulture industry is landbased as silk worm rearing involves over 700,000 farm families and is concentrated in the three Southern states of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh. (The states of Assam and West Bengal are also involved in the industry to a certain extent).
According to some Indian scholars silkworms (Bombyx mori) were first domesticated in the foothills of the Himalayas. Evidences in ancient Sanskrit literature reveals that certain kind of wild silks were cultivated in India from time immemorial.
It is the only one cash crop in agriculture sector that gives returns within 30 days.
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Silk, the queen of the fabrics still commands passion of consumer right from 2200 BC to till today, nationally and internationally. The export potential of Indian Sericulture Industry is evident from the fact that the annual export is Rs.2879.56 crores during the year 2004-05.
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Jammu Kashmir are the five traditional states accounts for around 90% of the total production
WORLD RAW SILK PRODUCTION STATISTICS (in MT)
April 12, 20237 source:- ISC WEBSITE AS UPDATED ON OCTOBER 2007
PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK IN INDIA
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P:- PROVISIONAL DATA FROM APRL-DEC
SOURCE:-Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09
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STATE PRODUCTION IN MT
AP 4497.32
J&K 105
KA 8240
TN 1368
WB 1699.71
OTHERS 2409.84
TOTAL 18320
STATE WISE PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK (2007-08)
SOURCE:-Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09
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P : Provisional data for April to December period* Including silk carpets and silk RMG.
Raw silk Export in INDIA
SOURCE:-Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09
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Andhra Pradesh occupies 1st position in productivity and 2ndposition in the country next to Karnataka in production of Silk. Andhra Pradesh produces all the four popular varieties of Silk worm cocoons namely Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga. Andhra Pradesh has got very strong and traditional weaving base with more than a lakh number of hand looms mostly concentrated in weaving pockets like Dharmavaram, Pochampally,, Gadval, Patur, Peddapuram, Narayanpet, etc.,
In the last decade number of cotton weavers have taken to silk weaving in centers like Rayadurg and Proddatur because of better income in silk weaving
About two and half centuries ago silk was introduced into Karnataka by Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the State. Today it is the biggest silk producing centre in India.
Sericulture introduced in TamilNadu from the border area of Karnataka during early 1960. Now TamilNadu Stands number one in Bivoltine Silk production in India.
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Common name Scientific name family Main host
Mulbery silk worm Bombyx mori bombycidae mulberry
Eri silk worm (domesticated)
Phylosamia ricini saturnidae castor
Eri silk worm (wild) Pylosamia synthia saturnidae castor
Chiness tassar silk worm (wild)
Antheraea perni saturnidae Oak & other allied species
Japaness tassar silk worm(wild)
Antheraea yamamai
saturnidae Oak & other allied species
Indian tassar silk worm (wild)
Antheraea mylitta saturnidae terminalia
Muga silk worm Antheraea assama saturnidae Som(michillis bombicina)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SILK WORMS IN INDIA
Mulberry silk
Eri silk
Tasar silk
Muga silk
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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Bombycidae
Genus: Bombyx
Species: B. mori
Binomial name
Bombyx mori
Host plant is mulbery plant
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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Saturniidae
Subfamily: Saturniinae
Genus: Samia
Species: S. cynthia
Binomial name
Samia cynthia
Host plant is castor
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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Saturniidae
Genus: Antheraea
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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Saturniidae
Subfamily: Saturniinae
Tribe: Saturniini
Genus: Antheraea
Species: A. assamensis
Binomial name
Antheraea assamensis
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TYPES OF SILK 2007-08 2008-09PROUDUCTION
(MT)SHARE
(%)PROUDUCTION
(MT)SHARE
(%)
MULBERRY 16245 88.7 15610 85.0
ERI 1530 08.4 2038 11.1
TASSAR 428 02.3 593 03.3
MUGA 117 00.6 119 00.6
TOTAL 18320 100 18360 100
SERICULTURE MAP OF INDIA
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BYRAJA