planning and conducting experiments
DESCRIPTION
Planning and Conducting Experiments. Emily Bennett 1 st Period. Characteristics . Well Designed and Well Conducted Experiments. Random: The study must be randomized to prevent bias. Replication: When a study has a large sample or is performed multiple times it gives more accurate results. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Planning and Conducting ExperimentsEmily Bennett 1st Period
![Page 2: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS Well Designed and Well Conducted Experiments
![Page 3: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Characteristics…
• Random: The study must be randomized to prevent bias.• Replication: When a study has a large sample or is
performed multiple times it gives more accurate results.• Control: A group that the study can be compared to. This
prevents variability and lurking variables.
![Page 4: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MORE INFO ON EXPERIMENTSTreatments, Random Assignments, and Experimental Units
![Page 5: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
More Info…..
• Treatments: Specific condition being applied to the experimental unit or subject.
• Random Assignments: Used to assign subjects to a certain treatment or to a certain grouping for the treatment.
• Experimental Units: The person, animal or object being experimented on.
![Page 6: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SOURCES OF BIAS AND CONFOUNDINGPlacebo, Blinding, etc.
![Page 7: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bias and Confounding…
• Sources of Bias: • Wording of the question being posed. • Characteristics of the interviewer• Response of the subject or subjects• Convenience
![Page 8: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bias and Confounding…
• Confounding: When the affects of two variables cannot be separated.
• Ways to Avoid Bias: • Blinding: When the subject doesn’t know the treatment they will
receive.• Double Blinding: When both the subject and the
experimenter/administrator don’t know the treatment being given/recieved.
• Placebo: Occurs when the subject thinks and believes that they will be affected by the treatment, so they are.
![Page 9: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGNThe Simplest Experimental Design
![Page 10: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Completely Randomized Design…
• Subjects are randomly assigned to treatments.• There are usually only 2 treatments• Often times a placebo is given to one subject and the
experiment is given to another subject.• Relies on randomization to eliminate variability
![Page 11: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGNIncluding Matched Pairs
![Page 12: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Block Design
• Steps of the Randomized Block Design:• Divide subjects or participants into blocks based on certain
characteristics.• RANDOMLY assign experimental subjects or units to
treatments within each block. • Compare results WITHIN each block.
• Matched Pairs: A block design only when there are two units.
![Page 13: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Experiments
• SRS—Simple Random Sample• When all of the population has the same chance of being the
sample that is selected.• Clustering• Dividing sample into groups that share similar
characteristics, then randomly choose some clusters to be tested/experimented on.
![Page 14: Planning and Conducting Experiments](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061423/56815ee7550346895dcd90cd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Works Cited
• My written notes, tests, reviews and note sheets.• www.ma.utexas.edu/users/mks/statmistakes/SRS.html• http://m.wisegeek.org/what-is-cluster-sampling.htm
• http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=completely_randomized_design