pig excretion
DESCRIPTION
PIG Excretion. What are the cells lining the Proximal convoluted tubule called? (1). What is are the cells lining the Proximal convoluted tubule called?. Epithelial cells. How are substances reabsorbed in the Proximal convoluted tubule? (5). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PIG Excretion
![Page 2: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are the cells lining the Proximal convoluted tubule called? (1)
![Page 3: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is are the cells lining the Proximal convoluted tubule called?
• Epithelial cells
![Page 4: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How are substances reabsorbed in the Proximal convoluted tubule? (5)
![Page 5: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How are substances reabsorbed in the Proximal convoluted tubule?
• Selective reabsorption• Of glucose and amino acids• By co-transporter proteins• Microvilli provide a large surface area for
uptake• Water moves out by osmosis
![Page 6: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How is pressure maintained in the glomerulus? (2)
![Page 7: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How is pressure maintained in the glomerulus?
• Afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole leading to
• High hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus
![Page 8: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why would happen if someone ate loads of protein in their diet? (4)
![Page 9: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why would happen if someone ate loads of protein in their diet?
• More urea produced• More protein broken into amino acids• Increased deamination• More ammonia formed• More ammonia converted to urea• Called the ornithine cycle (ornithine is a name
for one of the products and a catalyst that helps in this process)
![Page 10: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why do you need anti-coagulant in dialysis? (2)
![Page 11: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why do you need anti-coagulant in dialysis?
• So that clots don’t form• While blood is in the machine
![Page 12: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why is no anti-coagulant added to the blood at the end of dialysis? (1)
![Page 13: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why is no anti-coagulant added to the blood at the end of dialysis?
• So blood can clot normally after treatment
![Page 14: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How do molecules and ions move from the blood into the dialysis fluid? (1)
![Page 15: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How do molecules and ions move from the blood into the dialysis fluid?
• diffusion
![Page 16: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Why does the blood flow in the opposite direction of the dialysis fluid in the machine? (2)
![Page 17: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Why does the blood flow in the opposite direction of the dialysis fluid in the machine?
• Maintain a diffusion gradient• Allowing maximum removal of waste
![Page 18: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Describe the barrier between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule? (3)
![Page 19: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Describe the barrier between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule?
• Endothelium: narrow gaps for plasma to pass through
• Basement membrane: collagen fibre and glycoprotein mesh
• Podocytes: epithelial cells with major processes (finger like projections) and gaps o fluid can pass through
![Page 20: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is filtered out of the blood? (5)
![Page 21: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is filtered out of the blood?
• Water• Amino acids• Glucose• Urea• Inorganic ions
![Page 22: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How is the permeability of the collecting duct controlled? (5)
![Page 23: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
How is the permeability of the collecting duct controlled?
• Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus lose water by osmosis
• They shrink and release ADH• ADH binds to receptors in cells of collecting
duct• Aquaporins fuse with cell membrane• More water is reabsorbed
![Page 24: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is the name for the process where fluid passes from the glomerulus into the renal tubule? (1)
![Page 25: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is the name for the process where fluid passes from the glomerulus into the renal tubule?
• ultrafiltration
![Page 26: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What is the product of glycolysis? (1)
![Page 27: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is the product of glycolysis
• pyruvate
![Page 28: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Name 2 co-enzymes involved in respiration (2)
![Page 29: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Name 2 co-enzymes involved in respiration
• NAD and FAD
![Page 30: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What are the 4 stages of respiration? (4)
![Page 31: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What are the 4 stages of respiration?
• Glycolysis• Link reaction• Krebs cycle• Electron transport chain (oxidative
phosphorylation)
![Page 32: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Where do the 4 stages of respiration take place? (4)
![Page 33: PIG Excretion](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081419/5681680f550346895ddd9b8d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Where do the 4 stages of respiration take place?
• Glycolysis- cytoplasm• Link reaction- mitochondrial matrix• Krebs cycle- mitochondrial matrix• Electron transport chain- across inner
mitochondrial membrane