excretion system
TRANSCRIPT
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By :
Aveda Astya (9C/07)
Cindy Raina (9C/07)
SMPN 1 Denpasar 2011
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Concept Map
Expenditures System
Secretion DefecationOsmoregulatio
nExcretion
Kidney Skin LiverLungs
Urine Sweat Carbondioxideand water
Bile liquid
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Introduction
Excretion is a process or releasing metabolismwaste from the body.
The function of Excretion system is to releasedmetabolism waste out the body.
Human excretion organs consist of :1. Kidney
2. Lungs
3. Skin
4. Liver
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Kidney
Human have 2kidneys.
Kidney is located in
distal abdomen cavity. Right kidneys located
is lower than left
kidney becauseabove it there is liver.
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Anatomy of Kidney
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Functions of Kidney
To filter blood To arrange water and salt balance in blood
To throw away nitrogen waste from blood
in form of urea To released metabolism waste in form of
urine
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Structure of Kidney
Structure of kidney divided by 3 main part, suchas :
Cortex consist of nephrons. Nephronscomposed by malphigian body.Malphigian body consist of glomerulusand bowmans capsule.
The inner portion of kidney is medulla.
A funnel-shaped chamber is calledpelvis.
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Urine Formed Process
Urine formed process in kidney through 3 phase : Filtration
Reabsorbed
Augmentation
Tubulus Proksimal
Filtrasi
H2OSalts (NaCl and others)HCO3
H+UreaGlucose; amino acidsSome drugs
Key
Active transport
Passive transport
KORTEKS
MEDULALUAR
MEDULADALAM
Lengkung Henleturun
Lengkung Henlenaik
Tubulus
Pengumpul
NaCl
NaCl
NaCl
Tubulus Distal
NaCl Nutrients
Urea
H2O
NaCl
H2OH2OHCO3
K+
H+ NH3
HCO3
K+ H+
H2O
1 4
2
3 5
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Filtration
This process occurs in glomerulus. Liquidsfiltered fit to the Bowman capsule. Fluidis composed of urea, glucose, water, ionsinorganic such as sodium potassium, calcium
and chlorine.
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This process occurs Proximal ContortusTubule. The process that occurs is the re-absorption substances which can stillbe needed by the body. substanceis reabsorbed isglucose, water, amino acids and inorganicions. While urea is only slightly
reabsorbed. Fluid produced from theprocess reabsorption of urine iscalled secondary.
Reabsorbed
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Augmentation
This process occurs in Distal Contortus Tubule andalso in collecting ducts. In this part occurs collection
of fluid from the previous process. In this sectionalso still occurs absorption of sodium ion,
chlorine and urea. The resulting liquid has the formreal urine. Urine that has been formedand accumulated in thrown out of the body cavityof the kidney through the ureter,bladder and urethra. The process of urine caused byan pressure in the bladder. Pressure on bladder inaddition caused by the influence nerve is alsocontraction of abdominals muscle and organs thatpressure on your bladder.
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Expenditures Sequence of Urine
Expenditures sequence of urine from kidney until outfrom our body :
KIDNEY URETER BLADDER URETHRA Substances that contained
in urine : Water
Urea, ureat acid, andammonia
Bile colour substance Salts especially NaCl
Substances that wereabundant in blood
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Skin
Skin is thin layer that covers our bodys surface.Anatomy of Skin
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Structure of Skin
Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneoustissue
Stratum Corneum
Malphigian Layer
Sweat Glands
Root Hair
Blood Vessels
Oil Glands
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Functions of Skin
As the expenditure tool As the sense feeler
with the help of sunlight to manufacture vitaminD from provitamin D
a place to store excess fat protect the body againstgerms from the outside
the human body's temperature regulator
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Part of Skin
Humans skin is composed by 3 layer, such as : Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
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Epidermis
Epidermis is composed by 2 layers, such as :Stratum corneum This layer consists of dead cells are easy to
peel does not feel pain because of this there is
no layer of nerves and blood vessels.
Malpighian layer This layer lies below the stratum corneum
contained within blood vessels and nervetissue. pigment (skin pigment) there is a layer ofthese are useful to protect from sunburn
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Dermis
In the dermis there are : Sweat glands (glandula surodifera) serves to remove the
sweat
Oil glands (glandula sebasea) serves to lubricatethe hair is not dry
Blood vessel serves to channel the food to the rootsof the hair
Nerve endings of touch and taste of foodreserves and serves to brace the body temperature
Subcutaneous tissue
This network was received fat funtioned for the foodreserve and body's temperature regulator
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Sweat Expenditured Process
Transpiration process regulated by thehypothalamus (the brain). The hypothalamuscanproduce enzymes that work affects bradykinin sweatgland activity. If thehypothalamus gets stimulation, for example in the
form of temperature changes on blood vessels, thenthe stimulus is transmitted by thesympathetic nerves to sweat glands. Furthermore, the sweat glands will absorb thesalt water and little urea from the bloodcapillaries and then sends it to the surface of theskin in the form of perspiration.
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LUNGS, LIVER AND DISEASES
Ni Komang Cindy Raina IX C/09
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LUNGS
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Lungs is organ used in breathing and respiration.Breathing is the process of moving oxygen into and
out of the lungs. Respiration refers to all of theprocess in breathing.
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As an excretion organ, lungs produce waste, theyare carbon diox.de and water vapor. They areexcreted from the bodys cell and enter the
circulatory system that takes it to the heart and thanto the lung. Finally, it enters the capillaries whichsurround alveoli. Alveoli are small bubbles in lungcavity.
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Alveoli
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Blood in the capillaries contains more carbon dioxidethan in the alveoli cavity. As the result, capillaryscarbon dioxide will diffuse through the capillary walland alveoli wall and then go to the alveoli cavity.
Carbon dioxide will diffuse if the capillary and alveolicell wall are wet. Finally, carbon dioxide and waterare excreted from the body through bronchus,trachea and nose.
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LIVER
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Liver is the organ located at belly hollow in right. Its
the largest organ in human body. The color is brown
red. It gets blood from aorta through artery and venawhich carry food essence from the intestine.
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As excretion organ, it produces bile liquid as theproduct of erythrocyte degradation and urea as the
product of protein degradation.
Bile liquid is green colored because it contains color
substance (bilirubin and biliverdin). It also containsbile salt.
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Liver
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The functions of liver :
Producer of bile liquid
Toxic neutralizer
Blood cells degradation
A place to save glycogen
A place to form urea
A place where protein is synthesized and degraded
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DISEASES
Kidney diseases are as follows:
Diabetes Mellitus : there is glucose in the urinebecause of insulin secretion disturbance.
Diabetes Insipidus : body produces a large volume
of urine, because kidney doesnt produce enoughantidiuretic hormone to reabsorp water.
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Kidney Stone : there is a stone in the kidneybecause of calcium sedimentation.
Nephritic : bacteria infections in kidney that makeurine enter the blood.
Renal failure : there is malfuction of one or bothkidneys and urea stack in the body are poisonous.
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Lungs diseases are caused by infection andnoninfection. Diseases caused by infection :
- Bronchitis
- TBC
- Pharynxes- Tonsillitis
- Pneumonia
-
Diphteria- Asfiction
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Diseases caused by noninfection :
- Asthma
- Lung cancer
- Emphysema
- Rhinitis
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Some skin diseases are :
- Ringworm : fungi infection in the skin
- Eczema : skin inflammation caused by allergy ofsome food
- Skin cancer : because of too much sunlight touch theskin.
- Acne : caused by ancestry factor, food, infection,allergy, and mentally factor.
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