Kursk state medical university

• Name:Dalhatu Saidu

• Group:31

• Year:2nd year 4th

semester

Department:physiology

Physiology of memory

What is memory

• memory is the property of organism which ensures impression of connections between the environmental events and accumulation of living experience . Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved inemotional memory

The Memory ProcessThree step process….

1. Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system.

2. Storage: The retention of encoded material over time.

3. Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.

Explicit Memories: it is associated with

consciousness it is dependent for its relation on the hippocampus and other part of the brain and divided into :

• Episodic Memories:based on memory of events

• Semantic Memories:memory related to words, rules and knowledge

Implicit Memories:consist of memories

necessary to perform tasks or skills habits ,conditioned reflesxes

• Procedural Memories

• Conditioned Memories

Classification of memory M

emo

ry. Short term memory :it is a memory displayed by the circulation of

along neuronal chain it last for maximum 7hrs

Intermediate memory:it is a memory btw short term and long term memory it lasts for several months

Long term memory: it is based of complex processes associated with the activity of protein molecule synthesis

in the brain cells it may last for several years

Short Term Memory• The stuff we

encode from the sensory goes to STM.

• Events are encoded visually, acoustically or semantically.

• Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds.

• We recall digits better than letters.

Short Term Memory Activity

Long Term Memory

• Unlimited storehouse of information.

• Explicit (declarative) memories

• Implicit (non-declarative) memories

Other forms of short term memory

• Sensory memory :its a memory lasting for few seconds act as buffers for stimuli received through senses and are sub classified into :

_ ̲iconic –for visual stimuli .

_haptic –for touch sensation .

_echoic-for auditory sensation.

.working memory:short term memory is now known as working memory keeps information available for very short period (individual plans, action is based on it

There four different types of remembering:• Recall: the active and unaided remembering of

something from the past

• Recognition: the ability to recognize previously

encountered information as familiar

• Relearning: the ability to learn one familiar material

more easily than unfamiliar material

• Recollecting:the reconstruction of events or facts on

the basis of partial clues

Consolidation of memory

• For short term memory to be converted into long term memory that can recalled weeks,years later, it must become ‘cosolidated’that is, the short term memory if activated repeatedly will initiate chemical,physical ,and anatomical changes in the synapses that are responsible for the long time type of memory.this process requires 5 to 10 munities for minimal consolidation and 1 hour for or more for strong consolidation. For instance if a strong sensory impression is made on the brain but is then followed within a minute or so by an electrically induced brain convulsion the sensory experience will not be remembered

•Thank you