physics of astronomy dr. e.j. zita, the evergreen state college, 5.jan.2004 lab ii rm 2272,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Physics of AstronomyDr. E.J. Zita, The Evergreen State College, 5.Jan.2004Lab II Rm 2272, [email protected], 360-867-6853
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/ PhyAstro /home.htm
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TA = Emily Himmelright and (your name here?)
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Outline
• Introduction to the program• Jigsaw learning and peer instruction• Survey + discussion
• Introduction to Modern Astrophysics Ch.1• Prepare 15-minute presentations• Integrating Physics + Astronomy + Math• Plan for week 1
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Introduction to the Program• Physics
• Astronomy
• Math
• Seminar
• Research
• Assignments and WebX
• Covenant
http://192.211.16.13/curricular/PhyAstro/home.htm
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Seminar, research, and time budgeting
Seminar: Relativity on Monday, Journal Club on Thursday (WebX)
http://192.211.16.13/curricular/PhyAstro/home.htm#seminar
Research: Planning in winter, execution in spring
http://192.211.16.13/curricular/PhyAstro/research.htm
Budgeting time:
3 x 4 = 12 hours science (MTR 1-5)
2 x 2 = 4 hours seminar (MR 5-7)
2-3 x 16 = 32-48 hours preparation (reading, HW, team meetings, research…)
Total ~ 48-60 hours/week, so be sure to schedule in R&R, to stay healthy
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Covenant, Clubs, TAs, Office hours
Covenent: Please read the draft covenant online, to discuss tomorrow.
http://192.211.16.13/curricular/PhyAstro/home.htm#seminar
Clubs: Society for Physics Students: join to get Physics Today
Astronomy club: for Sky & Telescope
http://192.211.16.13/curricular/PhyAstro/research.htm
TAs = Emily Himmelright and (your name here?)
Office hours: 5-6 in the CAB (bring your dinner or snack)
(Except this week I have to leave at 5:30 to testify.)
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Jigsaw learning and Peer instruction
Educational research shows that students learn best when:
• Actively engaged• Working in teams• Taking ownership of
knowledge• Expressing understanding
in own words
Here is our first exercise in peer instruction: a survey.
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Survey and discussion
• Purpose: to teach your prof what we need to review, and to practice peer instruction
• Put your name on p.3• Please do pages 1 and 3-5• We will discuss it together• After discussion, do page
2, then turn it in.• After class, do page 6
(online covenant)
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Intro to Modern AstrophysicsCarroll and Ostlie = CO
• Basic astronomy• Gravity + orbits• Light + spectra• Modern physics + QM• Electromagnetism• Sun and Stars• Thermal + radiation• Cosmology
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Ch.1: The Celestial Sphere
1.1: The Greek Tradition; Team 1: Celestial Sphere
1.2 The Copernican Revolution; Team 2: Periods; prob.1.3
1.3 Positions on the Cel.Sph.Team 3.a: Altitude+ Azimuth (p.10-13), prob. 1.5Team 3.b: Right Ascension and Declination (p.13-15), prob.1.4Team 3.c: Precession and motion of the stars (p.15-19), prob.1.6
1.4 Physics and Astronomy
(Figures from Freedman and Kaufmann, Universe)
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1.1 The Greek Tradition
The Celestial Sphere
Geocentric Ptolemaic System
Epicycles and Deferents
Angles measure the sky:
2 radians = 360 degrees = 360 °
1° = 60 arcminutes = 60’
1’ = 60 arcseconds = 60 ’’
Example: Moon subtends 1/2°
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Freedman and Kaufmann #1.30: The average distance to the Moon is 384,000 km, and the Moon subtends an angle of 1/2°. Use this information to calculate the diameter of the Moon in km.
arclength D = d when is in radians
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1.2 The Copernican Revolution
Geocentric model actually uses MORE epicycles and deferents, but it is conceptually simpler
Synodic period S = how long we see a planet take to return to the same place on the sky (e.g. near the same star)
Sidereal period P = how long the planet takes to orbit Sun
1 1 1
S P P
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1.3.a. Positions on the Celestial Sphere
Altitude h = angle above horizon
(depends on position on Earth)
Azimuth A = angle from North
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1.3.b Positions on the Celestial Sphere
Right Ascension = longitude east from vernal equinox
Vernal equinox = place and time of Sun’s crossing the celestial equator, going north
Declination = latitude north of celestial equator
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1.4 Physics and Astronomy
Physics: What fundamental, quantitative principles explain the structure and evolution of the natural world?
Astronomy: What do we see in the sky, and how do things move and change?
Astrophysics: How can Physics explain what Astronomy observes?
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Four realms of physics
Classical Mechanics(big and slow:
everyday experience)
Quantum Mechanics(small: particles, waves)
Special relativity(fast: light, fast particles)
Quantum field theory(small and fast: quarks)
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Four fundamental forces
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Physics, Astronomy, and Math for week 1:
Astronomy (Freedman & Kaufmann)
Ch.1: Astronomy and the Universe
Team 1: Ch.1.1 – 1.5 (intro + angles)
Team 2: Ch.1.6 – 1.8 ( scientific notation and distances)
Ch.2: Knowing the Heavens
Team 3: 2.1-2.3 (constellations and diurnal motion)
Team 4: 2.4-2.5 (celestial sphere and seasonal changes)
Team 5: 2.6-2.7 (precession and time)
Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences (Boas)
Spherical geometry, Ch.5, Section 4
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Candidate HW questions for week 1:
Astrophysics (Carroll and Ostlie)
Ch.1: Problems 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Astronomy (Freedman & Kaufmann)
Ch.1: Review: 5, 11, 12, 15; Advanced: 18, 20, 22, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33
Observing: 42, 43 (Teams 1, 2)
Ch.2: Review: 6- 8, 10- 14, 16, 17, 20, 22;
Advanced: 23, 29, 32, 34, 37, 38
Observing: 54, 56, 57 (Teams 3, 4, 5)
Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences (Boas)
Ch.5, Section 4, Problems 1 (a, d), 2(a), 4(a, b), 24, 25