phrases

ignatius joseph n estroga

so what are these?• small group of related words within

a sentence or a clause• functions as a unit and includes a

head (or headword), which determines the type or nature of the phrase

• Cannot stand as a sentence; no subject and predicate

• Adds richness and detail and sometimes acts as an overload or confusion to a sentence


furthermore…

• Cannot stand as a sentence; no subject and predicate

• Adds richness and detail and sometimes acts as an overload or confusion to a sentence


• Nouns are used to build noun phrases• functions as an object of a preposition, subject,

direct object and an object complement.

Ex. my father, the fish, a sound of music, an apple a day

1.My girlfriend is happy. (NP as a subject)2.The boy throws the trash. (NP as direct object)3.I call my pal a stubborn. (NP as an object complement)


• Verbs are used to build verb phrases and acts as the predicate of the sentence

Ex. teaches the student, read a novel, drink water

1.Our adviser may be going away for a little while. (VP acts as the predicate of the sentence)


• Adjectives are used to build adjectival phrases.• Adjectival phrases always occur inside noun

phrases or as predicate adjectives.

Ex. tall dark and handsome, black and white

1. Jeremiah bought a orange and green ] bowtie. (AP occurs inside a noun phrase)2. The dancers were slender and graceful. (AP occur as predicate adjectives)


• Adverbs are used to build adverbial phrases.• modify verbs, adjectives and the extra adverb is

called an intensifier

Ex. So slowly, very much, too harshly

1. He scored the goal very quickly. (AdvP modify the verb scored in the sentence, the word very is the intensifier)


• Prepositions are used to build prepositional phrases.

• used either adjectivally to modify nouns or adverbially to modify verbs, adjectives, or clauses.

Ex. on the floor, into the pool, to the audience


1. The man in the house rented it. (PP modifies a noun adjectivally)2. He went in the arena. (PP modifies a verb adverbially)3.Dad was happy about the goal. (PP modifies an adjective adverbially) 4. On reflection, I believe that she was correct. (PP modifies a clause adverbially)


• Gerundive phrases may function in any way in which nouns may function: as subjects, objects, objects of a preposition, or even nouns functioning as adjectives

• may contain gerunds, adjectives, objects, adverbs or other main verb elements.

Ex. Falling the exam, missing the chance


1. Dad talked about winning the game. ( GP acts as the object of a preposition)

2. Winning the game was his goal.(GP acts as the subject of the sentence)


• Participles are root verbs with an "ed, en or ing" suffix. In the case of the past participial, the form may be irregular.

• may contain objects and other elements that might occur with main verbs.

• function as adjectives

Ex. walking away, bended knees, broken-hearted fool


1. Racing around the corner, he slipped and fell. (ParP act as an adjective, describing the subject of the sentence)

2. The lonely caddy became flustered, scared that his affections for the old man's daughter would be noticed.(ParP as an adjective modifying the subject caddy)


• A group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole.

• An absolute is made up of a noun and its modifiers

• may precede, follow, or interrupt the main clause• the subject of the absolute phrase does not have

to appear in the main clause--because the absolute phrase has its own subject


1. Still he came on, shoulders hunched, face twisted, wringing his hands, looking more like an old woman at a wake than an infantry combat soldier.2. Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled high above us.(An absolute allows us to move from a description of a whole person, place, or thing to one aspect or part)


• Infinitive phrases are composed of an infinitive verb (the base form of the verb preceded by to) and any modifying adverbs or prepositional phrases

• has three functions: noun, adjective, adverb

Ex. To leave him alone, to love and be loved, to forget the times


1. My duty as a coach is to teach skills. (infinitive phrase functions as a noun)

2.My sister wanted a cat to love. (infinitive phrase functions as an adjective)

3.Bill is eager to work on his skating. (infinitive phrase functions adverbially, modifying an adjective)


phrases

Education

caddyignatius joseph

verb phrases

noun phrases functions

infinitive phrases

clause functions

adjectival phrases

infinitive phrase functions

main verbs