• At the dog show the woman in the purple dress waits beside her dog.

DOG SHOW AT THE

PURPLE DRESS

THE WOMAN

HER DOG.

BESIDE WAITS

IN THE

•A phrase is a group of

related words that function

as a unit (as modifier or

noun). A phrase lacks a

subject, predicate, or both.

DEFINITION

TYPES OF

PHRASES

• consists of a preposition (in, on, under,

over, beside, etc.) , a noun, or a pronoun

called the object of the preposition, as

well as any modifiers of the object.

1. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

During the rodeo, the bull became belligerent.

Lauren is extremely angry about the parking ticket.

Functions as:

• an adjective when it modifies a noun or

pronoun.

1.1 ADJECTIVE

It is also telling WHAT KIND or WHICH ONE

Each of the dancers won an award.

I kept a written account of my travels.

. The chair in the corner is wobbly. (Which

chair?) describes the SUBJECT chair

We flew a plane with twin engines. (What

kind of plane?) describes the DIRECT OBJECT

plane

I set my cousin in Davao some photographs of

us. (Which cousin?)INDIRECT OBJECT cousin.

The dictator declares himself a president in

life.(Which kind of president?) OBJECT

COMPLEMENT president

an adverb when it modifies a

verb, adjective or another

adverb by pointing out where,

when, in what manner or to

what extent.

1.2 ADVERB

Kathy was nervous during her interview.

Last year I worked as a clown in the circus.

We sat on the park bench. (Sat where?)

I will leave in one hour. (Will leave

when?)

He talked with me. (Talked in what

matter?)

Except for the order, the quilt was

finished. (Was finished to what extent?)

How does the placement of the

prepositional phrase affect the

meaning of this sentence?

• At the dog show the woman waits

beside her dog in the purple

dress.

TAKE NOTE:

• At the dog show the

woman in the purple

dress waits beside her

dog.

HOW COULD THE POSITION OF THE

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE BE CHANGED

TO MAKE THE MEANING CLEAR?

Identify the prepositional phrase, along

with the word it modifies.

•A news conference occurred on January

13, 1999.

• Michael Jordan said he was retiring

from the Chicago Bulls.

• The book on the bathroom floor is

swollen from shower steam.

• The sweet potatoes in the vegetable

bin are green with mold.

• The dance club on Main Street holds

a contest every weekend.

• Some of the competitors dance

professionally.

• The graceful champion dives into the

pool.

He opened it extremely easily.

I'll do it quite soon.

I ran so fast.

He was quite unexpectedly kind.

They are really enthusiastic.

The unusually tall boy.

ADVERBIAL & ADJECTIVAL

PHRASE

• is a noun or pronoun placed near another

noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. It

includes with the appositive all of the

words or phrases that modify it.

2. APPOSITIVE PHRASES

My favorite pasttime, cow tipping, often

results in dirty shoes.

My uncle, a mediocre chef, is no Julia

Childs, since he often drops his cigar ashes

into the food he is preparing.

• We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the

Boston Tea Party.

• The Kenai Peninsula is the home of the

Alaskan moose, the largest deer in the

world.

• A great speaker, Thomas Paine inspired

the colonists to resist the British.

• are verb forms that function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. There are three types of verbal phrases: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

3. VERBAL PHRASES

• functions as an adjective and can take four forms:

present, past, perfect and passive perfect. It

consists of the participle, its modifiers and

complements. It is a word ending in -ing or in -ed

that helps describe something.

3.1 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

Present:

Competing in the race, the athlete felt a surge of adrenaline.

Past:

Bothered by her husband’s snoring, the woman kicked the poor man.

Perfect:

Having typed the paper, the student was finally able to relax.

Passive Perfect:

The police officer, having been threatened by the suspect, called for

assistance.

Some participles are formed from

irregular verbs.

Past form of irregular verb:

Swept away by the storm, the building’s roof was severely destroyed.

The old toy, forgotten in a corner, was destined for the garage sale box.

• He fell to the ground, exhausted.

• Stumbling, the player dropped the ball.

• The ball dropped by Martin went out of

bounds.

• The blooming honeysuckle attracts bees.

• Animals living in Antarctica make their

homes along the coast.

• An enormous icicle broken into several

pieces lay on the sidewalk.

PRACTICE:

•A phrase in the wrong

place is known as a

misplaced modifier

or dangling participle.

TAKE NOTE:

•A gerund is a verbal that always ends in –ing. It is used in almost every way that a noun can be used: subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, object of a preposition, appositive. It consists of the gerund, its modifiers and complements.

3.2 GERUND PHRASES

Appositive:

My favorite pastime, listening to cds, doesn’t require

much thought.

Predicate Nominative:

Her greatest flaw is being a perfectionist.

Direct Object:

My brother finished watering the lawn.

Subject:

Piercing her ear 100 times was a decision Ruby came to regret.

• Exercising regularly is important to your

health. Subject

• My brother likes working at the travel agency.

Direct Object

• Walter Mitty daydreamed of being a

courageous pilot. Object of Preposition

• An excellent way to build vocabulary is reading

good literature. Pred. Nom.

• He gave studying chemistry all his attention.

Indirect Object

You can learn a lot from studying.

You could hear laughing all the way

down the hall.

Laura enjoyed vacationing in

Michigan.

LET’S PRACTICE

• An infinitive is a verb form that usually

begins with the word “to”. It can function as

an adjective, noun or adverb.

3.3 INFINITIVE PHRASES

Noun:

I like to scuba dive in the bathtub.

Adjective:

His effort to convince me to buy swampland in

Louisiana was a failure.

Adverb:

He was too silly to be easily understood.

• Used as a Noun:

To finish homework is our plan. Subject

Julia wants to go to the beach with us on Sunday. D.O.

Mike plans to give homework more attention. InD. O.

Janetta’s plan is to make ten bracelets before

Christmas. Pred. Nom.

• Used as an Adjective:

Napoleon’s plan to conquer Europe failed.

• Used as an Adverb:

Because of his sprained ankle, Chico was unable to

play in the game.

• is a group of words consisting of a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any related modifiers.

• they modify the entire sentence, adding information. They are always treated as parenthetical elements and are set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or a pair of commas (sometimes by a dash or pair of dashes).

• contain a subject (which is often modified by a participle), but not a true verb.

4. ABSOLUTE PHRASES

The absolute phrase may appear at the end of a sentence:

The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack, breaths gathering in the frosty air .

The absolute phrase may also appear at the beginning of the sentence:

Breaths gathering in the frosty air , the hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack.

And occasionally an absolute phrase is positioned between the subject and verb:

The hunters, breaths gathering in the frosty air, rested for a moment in front of the shack.

More examples:

•The season being over, they were mobbed by fans in Times Square.

•The old firefighter stood over the ruins, eyes watering from the intense smoke.

•“Miss Piggy, Kermit’s girlfriend, won first prize, a pot-bellied pig.

• His subordinates, their faces streaked and smudged with ash, leaned heavily against the fire truck.

includes a noun—a person, place, or

thing—and the modifiers—either

before or after—which distinguish it.

optional modifier(s) + noun +

optional modifier(s)

Noun phrases function as subjects,

objects, and complements:

5. NOUN PHRASES

The shoplifted pair of jeans caused Nathaniel

so much guilt that he couldn't wear them.

The shoplifted pair of jeans = subject.

Jerome adopted a cat that refused to meow.

A cat that refused to meow = direct object.

With her love of Shakespeare and knowledge of

grammar, Jasmine will someday be a great

English teacher.

A great English teacher = subject

complement.

a multi-word verb, to express

more nuanced action or

condition. A verb phrase can have

up to four parts.

auxiliary verb(s) + main verb +

verb ending when necessary

6. VERB PHRASES

Mom had just cleaned the refrigerator

shelves when Lawrence knocked over

the pitcher of orange juice.

Sarah should have been writing her

research essay, but she couldn't resist

another short chapter in her Stephen

King novel.

If guests are coming for dinner, we

must wash our smelly dog!

• A phrase is a group of words that

functions as a single part of

speech.

•A phrase doesn’t have both a

subject and a verb, so it is never

a complete sentence.

REVIEW:

• Prepositional Phrases

Adverbial Phrase

Adjective Phrase

• Appositive Phrases

• Verbal Phrases

Participial Phrase (Adjective)

Gerund Phrase (noun)

Infinitive Phrase ( “to” + verb

• Absolute Phrases

• Verb Phrases

• Noun Phrase

TYPES OF PHRASES

• Identify the phrase in each of the following

sentences:

NOW YOU TRY

Drinking cold lemonade refreshed me.

The computer needs to be repaired.

You will find the assignment on the board.

Having blocked a punt, the Rams recovered the ball.

Mrs. Phelps, our neighbor, is very noisy.

THANK YOU &

GOD BLESS US

ALL…..