Group MembersTrecia Ashman

Paola Barry

Zarina Zayasortiz

Sponsored By: Duke Farms

PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic Co-generation Co-generation

ObjectiveObjective

To develop a photovoltaic cogeneration system for Duke Farms in Hillsborough, NJ. In order to explore another method for the generation of electricity using a renewable resource.

Photovoltaic Co-generationPhotovoltaic Co-generation

Photovoltaic cells are used to harness energy from the sun. This energy can then be directly converted to electricity and be used to power your home or other facility.

Co-generation SystemCo-generation System

A “parallel” system Role of Components:

PV Panels Inverter Meter

Power Distribution Grid 3-phase AC Power

Co-generation vs. StorageCo-generation vs. Storage

Converting to 3-phase AC Power Only supply residences on site Necessary storage amount Cost of storage

Gantt ChartGantt Chart

Answers From DukeAnswers From Duke Reasons for interest in project?

Informal discussions increase public awareness about photovoltaic solar energy conversion

Constraints on potential locations?

2-4 acres on routes of tours (park areas preferred because of security)

Different uses of electricity on site?

Strictly employee housing, security lighting

PSE&G SpecificationsPSE&G Specifications

• In order for the Co-generation system to be approved it must meet the following standards: The installation must comply with the provisions of the

NEC Modules must be UL listed The maximum amount of sunlight available year should

not be obstructed All solar array orientations are require that the estimated

system output must be 75% of the default output estimated by PVWATTS

The inverter must be certified as compliant with the requirements of IEEE 929 and with UL 1741

PSE&G Specifications PSE&G Specifications

The system needs the following visual indicators: On/off switch Operating mode setting indicator AC/DC overcurrent protection Operating status indicator Warning labels must be posted on the control

panels and junction boxes indicating that the circuits are energized by an alternate power source

System Information System Information

Map of Duke FarmsMap of Duke Farms

Tracking OptionsTracking Options

Fixed Plate

(static panel)

1-Axis Tracking

North/South or East/West

2-Axis Tracking

North/South & East/West

20-kW System20-kW System

Tracking Comparison

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

En

erg

y (

kW

*hr)

Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms

40-kW System40-kW SystemTracking Comparison

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

En

erg

y (

kW

*hr)

Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms

50-kW System50-kW System

Tracking Comparison

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

En

erg

y (

kW

*hr)

Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms

PV Benchmarking DataPV Benchmarking Data

Company Model #Peak Power

(Watts)Peak Voltage Dimensions (L”xW”xD”)

Weight(lbs)

Price

BP PV/SX-60U 60 16.8 43.5 x 19.8 x 2.0 16 $389

Shell SQ80 80 17.5 47.2 x 20.8 x 1.3 16.7 $328

Sharp NE-80U1 80 17.1 47.28 x 20.88 x 1.38 18.74 $334

Meter Benchmarking DataMeter Benchmarking Data

TypeVoltage requirement

WarrantyPower

consumptionPhase Net metering Cost

Electric MeterCorp.

110-600VAC 20 yrs. ------ Single/3 phase No $425

Digi-Watt 90-140 VAC 5 yrs. 2 wattsSingle phase, 2

phase, or 3 phase

No $140

Shark 100 90-265 VAC ----- ----- Single/3 phase Yes $560

Tracker BenchmarkingTracker Benchmarking

Company Model # of Modules

Area (Sq. Ft)

Retail Cost

BP Solar BP 4170 6 81.8 $1,995.00

Shell Solar 85-P 12 82.8 $1,195.00

Sharp NE-80E1U 10 69 $1,975.00

Inverter BenchmarkingInverter BenchmarkingPV Series Grid Tie Inverter GT500E Grid Tie Inverter

GT100E

Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection

Anti-islanding protection - prevents back-feeding

User definable power tracking matches the inverter to the array

Adjustable delay periods

Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection

Anti-islanding protection

User definable power tracking

Adjust delay periods

GUI software

Remote monitoring via telephone modem or web server

Data acquisition and logging

Isolation protection

DC and AC over voltage protection

Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection

Anti-islanding protection

User definable power tracking

Adjust delay periods

GUI software

Required AreaRequired Area

Module Efficiency

(%)

PV Capacity Rating (Watts)

100 250 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 10,000 100,000

4 30 75 150 300 600 1,200 3,000 30,000

8 15 38 75 150 300 600 1,500 15,000

12 10 25 50 100 200 400 1,000 10,000

16 8 20 40 80 160 320 800 8,000

Watt System Area Needed (ft^2)

11,200 1,058

28,200 2,578

50,000 4,528

Interpolation for 14% Efficiency

CalculationsCalculations

The amount of solar panels needed is based on: Rated output wattage of the panel How long the panel is in the sun

NJ gets 4.6 hours of sunlight Using 80 Watt panels

Area of one panel = 6.76 ft2

Amount of area needed for 50kW system = 4528 ft2

1kW system = 1250kW-hr/yr Power generated per month from 50kW sys. = 5208kW-hr

Calculations (con’t)Calculations (con’t)

panels

monthkWhrmonthhrswatt

dayhrswatt

47448.473040.11/33.5208

/040.11/1104030368

/3686.480

Preliminary DesignsPreliminary Designs

Single pole mount/array

1-Axis tracking

Pyramid tripod design

Fixed plate

Mounting SystemMounting System

Support SpecificationsSupport Specifications

Cap: attaches to horizontal pipe to vertical pipe includes 3/8” hardware 2 U-bolts, 4 flange nuts, and 4 screws Severe Condition 4 zinc-plated welded steel

Slider: attaches lower end of cross braces to rear legs and anchors both ends Includes 3/8” hardware 1 cross-brace bolt sized for pipe, 1 flange nut, and 4 set screws Severe Condition 4 zinc-plated welded steel

Mounting Clamps: attaches to vertical pipe to slider 6105-T5 Aluminum extrusion

Pipe: infrastructure of the support 2” diameter ASTM A53B Schedule 40 galvanized steel

Items for Future WorkItems for Future Work

1 axis vs. 2 axis based on economics Available Space for Panels Cogeneration vs. Storage

Gain in small battery storage

New data received last night (10:47pm)

ReferencesReferences

PVWATTS Duke Farms Nrel.gov PSEG.com BP Solar Shell Solar Sharp Solar Metersusa.com Xantrex.com Department of EnergyGreenbuilder.com Howstuffworks.com

QuestionsQuestions