group members trecia ashman paola barry zarina zayasortiz sponsored by: duke farms photovoltaic...
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Group MembersTrecia Ashman
Paola Barry
Zarina Zayasortiz
Sponsored By: Duke Farms
PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic Co-generation Co-generation
ObjectiveObjective
To develop a photovoltaic cogeneration system for Duke Farms in Hillsborough, NJ. In order to explore another method for the generation of electricity using a renewable resource.
Photovoltaic Co-generationPhotovoltaic Co-generation
Photovoltaic cells are used to harness energy from the sun. This energy can then be directly converted to electricity and be used to power your home or other facility.
Co-generation SystemCo-generation System
A “parallel” system Role of Components:
PV Panels Inverter Meter
Power Distribution Grid 3-phase AC Power
Co-generation vs. StorageCo-generation vs. Storage
Converting to 3-phase AC Power Only supply residences on site Necessary storage amount Cost of storage
Answers From DukeAnswers From Duke Reasons for interest in project?
Informal discussions increase public awareness about photovoltaic solar energy conversion
Constraints on potential locations?
2-4 acres on routes of tours (park areas preferred because of security)
Different uses of electricity on site?
Strictly employee housing, security lighting
PSE&G SpecificationsPSE&G Specifications
• In order for the Co-generation system to be approved it must meet the following standards: The installation must comply with the provisions of the
NEC Modules must be UL listed The maximum amount of sunlight available year should
not be obstructed All solar array orientations are require that the estimated
system output must be 75% of the default output estimated by PVWATTS
The inverter must be certified as compliant with the requirements of IEEE 929 and with UL 1741
PSE&G Specifications PSE&G Specifications
The system needs the following visual indicators: On/off switch Operating mode setting indicator AC/DC overcurrent protection Operating status indicator Warning labels must be posted on the control
panels and junction boxes indicating that the circuits are energized by an alternate power source
Tracking OptionsTracking Options
Fixed Plate
(static panel)
1-Axis Tracking
North/South or East/West
2-Axis Tracking
North/South & East/West
20-kW System20-kW System
Tracking Comparison
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Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms
40-kW System40-kW SystemTracking Comparison
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Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms
50-kW System50-kW System
Tracking Comparison
0
2000
4000
6000
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Fixed Tilt 1-Axis 2-Axis Duke Farms
PV Benchmarking DataPV Benchmarking Data
Company Model #Peak Power
(Watts)Peak Voltage Dimensions (L”xW”xD”)
Weight(lbs)
Price
BP PV/SX-60U 60 16.8 43.5 x 19.8 x 2.0 16 $389
Shell SQ80 80 17.5 47.2 x 20.8 x 1.3 16.7 $328
Sharp NE-80U1 80 17.1 47.28 x 20.88 x 1.38 18.74 $334
Meter Benchmarking DataMeter Benchmarking Data
TypeVoltage requirement
WarrantyPower
consumptionPhase Net metering Cost
Electric MeterCorp.
110-600VAC 20 yrs. ------ Single/3 phase No $425
Digi-Watt 90-140 VAC 5 yrs. 2 wattsSingle phase, 2
phase, or 3 phase
No $140
Shark 100 90-265 VAC ----- ----- Single/3 phase Yes $560
Tracker BenchmarkingTracker Benchmarking
Company Model # of Modules
Area (Sq. Ft)
Retail Cost
BP Solar BP 4170 6 81.8 $1,995.00
Shell Solar 85-P 12 82.8 $1,195.00
Sharp NE-80E1U 10 69 $1,975.00
Inverter BenchmarkingInverter BenchmarkingPV Series Grid Tie Inverter GT500E Grid Tie Inverter
GT100E
Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection
Anti-islanding protection - prevents back-feeding
User definable power tracking matches the inverter to the array
Adjustable delay periods
Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection
Anti-islanding protection
User definable power tracking
Adjust delay periods
GUI software
Remote monitoring via telephone modem or web server
Data acquisition and logging
Isolation protection
DC and AC over voltage protection
Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection
Anti-islanding protection
User definable power tracking
Adjust delay periods
GUI software
Required AreaRequired Area
Module Efficiency
(%)
PV Capacity Rating (Watts)
100 250 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 10,000 100,000
4 30 75 150 300 600 1,200 3,000 30,000
8 15 38 75 150 300 600 1,500 15,000
12 10 25 50 100 200 400 1,000 10,000
16 8 20 40 80 160 320 800 8,000
Watt System Area Needed (ft^2)
11,200 1,058
28,200 2,578
50,000 4,528
Interpolation for 14% Efficiency
CalculationsCalculations
The amount of solar panels needed is based on: Rated output wattage of the panel How long the panel is in the sun
NJ gets 4.6 hours of sunlight Using 80 Watt panels
Area of one panel = 6.76 ft2
Amount of area needed for 50kW system = 4528 ft2
1kW system = 1250kW-hr/yr Power generated per month from 50kW sys. = 5208kW-hr
Calculations (con’t)Calculations (con’t)
panels
monthkWhrmonthhrswatt
dayhrswatt
47448.473040.11/33.5208
/040.11/1104030368
/3686.480
Preliminary DesignsPreliminary Designs
Single pole mount/array
1-Axis tracking
Pyramid tripod design
Fixed plate
Support SpecificationsSupport Specifications
Cap: attaches to horizontal pipe to vertical pipe includes 3/8” hardware 2 U-bolts, 4 flange nuts, and 4 screws Severe Condition 4 zinc-plated welded steel
Slider: attaches lower end of cross braces to rear legs and anchors both ends Includes 3/8” hardware 1 cross-brace bolt sized for pipe, 1 flange nut, and 4 set screws Severe Condition 4 zinc-plated welded steel
Mounting Clamps: attaches to vertical pipe to slider 6105-T5 Aluminum extrusion
Pipe: infrastructure of the support 2” diameter ASTM A53B Schedule 40 galvanized steel
Items for Future WorkItems for Future Work
1 axis vs. 2 axis based on economics Available Space for Panels Cogeneration vs. Storage
Gain in small battery storage
New data received last night (10:47pm)
ReferencesReferences
PVWATTS Duke Farms Nrel.gov PSEG.com BP Solar Shell Solar Sharp Solar Metersusa.com Xantrex.com Department of EnergyGreenbuilder.com Howstuffworks.com