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PHILIPPINES

PROGRAM OVERVIEW

EAFM PROGRAM OVERVIEW2

This publication was produced by TetraTech-ARD for the United

States Agency for International Development (USAID) as part of the

implementation of USAID/Philippines’ Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable

Fisheries (ECOFISH) Project under contract number AID-492-C-12-00008.

EAFM PROGRAM OVERVIEW 3

MAINSTREAMING EAFM PROGRAM

The Fisheries Code (R.A. No. 8550, as amended by R.A. No.

10654) recognizes an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries

management (EAFM) as the foundation for managing fisheries

resources. Under EAFM, fisheries management necessarily includes

conserving biodiversity, enhancing ecosystem services and addressing

the impacts of climate change. EAFM entails balancing ecological

well-being and human well-being through good governance - where

resource use benefits are shared equitably, and resource management

is participatory and gender-sensitive.

Beginning in 2016, BFAR is mainstreaming EAFM through facilitating

EAFM planning and implementation processes in identified fisheries

management areas (FMAs), in partnership with local government units

(LGUs), other national government agencies (NGAs), fisherfolk

communities, civil society organizations, private sector, academe and

other stakeholders.


The EAFM Planning and Implementation Process1 follows a standard

procedure that promotes common understanding among all stakeholders

of the principles and strategies underlying EAFM. Each identified FMA

prepares and implements an EAFM Plan, where stakeholders agree

on goals, objectives and management actions, and commit to perform

their respective roles in implementing the EAFM Plan. Monitoring and

evaluation are regularly conducted to help ensure the progress and

achievement of the goals and objectives, and that the management

actions are well executed. EAFM Plan is a ‘living document’ that is

regularly refined and updated to address priority issues and problems,

and considers the governance capacity of implementing partners.

1The EAFM Planning and Implementation Process was developed by BFAR with support from

NOAA and USAID through the ECOFISH Project. The materials used in the EAFM Planning and

Implementation Process Handbook, Workbook and presentations were adapted from the Essential

EAFM Training Course (http://www.boblme.org/eafm/course_materials.html) that was used by

BFAR in a series of trainings conducted by NOAA for all provincial fisheries officers in April 2015.


THE EAFM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

A. Overview of the stages and steps in the EAFM

Planning and Implementation Process

There are three (3) stages in the process cycle:

1) Plan - prepare the EAFM Plan

2) Do - implement the plan

3) Check and Improve - monitor and evaluate implementation;

adapt implementation based on the evaluation; and revise the plan

if necessary.


Therearefive(5)stepstofollowintheprocesscycle.Thefirst

threestepsbreakdowndevelopmentoftheEAFMPlan:

1)Defineandscopethefisheriesmanagementarea;

2)Identifyandprioritizeissuesandgoals;

3)DeveloptheEAFMPlancontainingthespecificmanagement

actions;

Steps4and5correspondtothestagesofimplementationandM&E:

4)ImplementthePlan;

5)Monitorandevaluateimplementation,adaptandimprovethe

Planand/oritsimplementation.

B. Convening participants to prepare the EAFM Plan

EAFMplanningandimplementationisacontinuingprocessofengaging

stakeholderstoaddresspriorityissues.AkeyprincipleofEAFMisthe

increasedparticipationofstakeholders.However,thescaleofanFMA

posesabigchallengeinconveningstakeholderstodiscussandagreeon

anEAFMPlanwithallitsdetailedcomponents.Conveningthousandsof

stakeholderstoprepareanEAFMPlanmaynotbefeasible.Keeping

inmindtheneedformeaningfulandeffectiveparticipationofall

stakeholdersatvariousstagesofEAFMplanningandimplementation,

theprocessofdevelopingandadoptinganEAFMPlanisdividedinto

threekeyeventsthatBFAR,asprogramimplementer,leadsand

facilitates:

1) Start-up Workshop - Overview and Start-up Tasks - BFAR

convenes an EAFM Team for the FMA to lay the foundation

for the EAFM planning and implementation process. The

EAFM team learns about EAFM and perform start-up tasks

to prepare for developing the draft EAFM Plan, including

informing other stakeholders of the EAFM planning and

implementation process;


2) EAFM Planning Workshop - Preparing a draft EAFM Plan for the FMA - the

EAFM team re-convenes, bringing materials and information from stakeholders

needed to develop a draft EAFM Plan;

3) Stakeholder Consultation - Validation and adoption of the EAFM Plan - the EAFM

Team convenes a stakeholder consultation (with sufficient representation from

all key stakeholder groups) to review and validate and/or revise the draft EAFM

Plan. Stakeholders may agree to adopt the plan (as stakeholders), and/or agree

to a process of formal adoption of the plan by each LGU (through the process

provided under the Local Government Code). The stakeholder consultation is

a continuing process of getting consensus and commitment to implement the

EAFM Plan.

The objectives, participants, expected outputs and agenda of the workshops

and consultations are attached as Annex A.

EAFM Plan for FMA (Y1-Y5)

1. Vision (Step 1 in the EAFM Planning and Implementation Process Cycle

• Vision statement, illustration of common vision

2. Background (Step 1)

• Description and map of the FMA - ecosystem boundaries, political

jurisdictions

• History of fishing and management in the FMA (timeline, law/policy

background)

• Current status of fisheries resources and fishing livelihoods (baseline

data on fleets, gear, people involved, IUUF, etc.)

C. The EAFM Plan

In Workshops 1 and 2, the EAFM Team goes through a guided process of preparing a

draft EAFM Plan. The Modules and Activities in the workshops are designed to enable

participants to discuss and fill-out templates that fit into the various sections of the

EAFM Plan. At the end of the workshops, the EAFM Team will have completed the key

sections of the EAFM Plan outlined below:


• Socio-economic profiles (stakeholder groups and their economic/

development status and interests; socio-economic benefits, value chains, etc.

where available).

• Existing management arrangements (using governance benchmarking)

• Special environmental and cultural considerations (protected area, ancestral

domain, vulnerability to climate change/ disasters)

• Information and data needs (gaps)

3. Major issues and problems (Step 2)

• Use risk assessment to prioritize issues and problems

LOW IMPACTVERY LIKELY

LOW IMPACTUNLIKELY

HIGH IMPACTVERY LIKELY

HIGH IMPACTNOT LIKELY

IMPACT

LOW HIGH

LIK

ELI

HO

OD

HIGH

4. Goals (Step 2)

• Formulate goals for clustered issues to address priority issues and problems

5. Objectives, indicators and benchmarks (Step 3)

• Setting objectives for each goal; identifying indicators and benchmarks

to measure progress to achieve objectives (including data needs and

data sources)


7. Institutional arrangements, community empowerment, capacity building

(Step 3)

• Councils, alliances, task forces, TWG, etc.

• Stakeholder rights to participate in decision-making

(through FARMC, and others)

• Strategy and plan to build capacity to implement management actions

8. Monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) framework/ arrangements

9. Sustainable financing (Step 3)

• Estimated costs of implementing management actions

• Source of funds to finance management actions (budget, user fees, etc.)

• Strategy for pooling of funds for inter-LGU/ inter-agency management

actions

10. Implementation plan and communication strategy (Step 4)

• Strategy for continuing stakeholder engagement, especially in

decision-making

• Formulate key messages and appropriate communication strategy

targeting various audiences to build consensus and support for the

EAFM Plan and its implementation

6. Management actions (Step 3) - Identify specific management actions to achieve objectives


11. Monitoring and Evaluation; review of the plan – (Step 5)

• Develop M&E plan that sets methods and frequency of measurement of

indicators under each objective.

References

Annexes

D. Implementation of the EAFM Plan

1. Role of BFAR (as convener of the EAFM Planning and Implementation

Process; lead agency in implementing actions to manage fisheries

beyond municipal waters; facilitator of inter-agency cooperation/

collaboration);

2. Roles of partner LGUs (as implemented of LGU actions within its

political jurisdiction; as partner in inter-LGU/ inter-agency collaboration

to implement the EAFM Plan in an ecologically meaningful scale (FMA).


ANNEX A: OBJECTIVES, AGENDA AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS OF WORKSHOPS AND CONSULTATIONS

Start-up Workshop - Overview and Start-up Tasks

a. Objectives

• Understand the foundations for EAFM (definition, principles,

process, etc.)

• Complete start-up tasks to prepare for the next workshop to develop

the draft EAFM Plan

b. Participants (around 40 participants) - EAFM Team composed of:

• BFAR regional director(s) (convener), regional focal person for EAFM,

provincial fisheries officer(s) with jurisdiction over the proposed FMA;

• representatives from LGUs (one each, or by cluster)

• representatives of major fisher groups (provincial FARMC, commercial

and municipal fishers)

• representatives of local civil society organizations working on fisheries

issues (scientific, livelihood, community development, legal/policy)

• representatives of private sector (fisheries industry related investors,

resort owners, etc.)

• representatives of local academic institutions (natural and social

scientists)

• representatives of relevant national government agencies (DENR,

DOLE, DSWD, PNP, etc.)


c. Expected outputs

• Initial compilation of available background/baseline information on fisheries

resources, habitats, status and livelihoods of fisherfolk communities, etc.)

• Legislative/policy background of the FMA (to establish legal basis for EAFM plan

and implementation)

• Completed start-up tasks (data needs and gaps, stakeholder analysis,

start-up plan)

DAY 1What, why & how to of EAFM

DAY 2Understanding the needs for EAFM planning

Arrival of participants

Break

Opening program

1. Introduction and overview of Mainstreaming EAFM Program

Activity 1 - Hopes, concerns and what we bring to the process

LUNCH

3. Issues and problems

Activity 3 - Identify issues and problems specific to proposed FMA

4. The ecosystem approach

5. The what and why of EAFM; - Other approaches

6. Principles of EAFM

Break

7. EAFM Plans: Linking policies, plans and action

- How much EAFM are you already doing?

8. EAFM planning process overviewActivity 4 - EAFM Steps

Welcome dinner and socials

10:00 – 10:15

10:15 – 10:30

10:30 - 11:00

12:00nn - 1:00pm

1:00 - 1:30

1:30 - 2:15

2:15 – 3:00

3:00 - 3:45

3:45 – 4:00

4:00 – 4:30

4:30 -5:15

6:00pm

Recap of Day 1

9. Mainstreaming EAFM: Introduction to management actions

Break

10. Start-up TasksActivity 5 - Information needs for EAFM planning

Activity 6 - Identifying EAFM Team

Lunch

Activity 7 - Stakeholder analysis (matrix and Venn diagram)

Activity 8 - Stakeholder analysis (assessing level of commitment)

11. Consensus-building / conflict management

Break

Activity 9 - Conflict management role-play

Activity 10 - Next steps: Start-up plan

Closing program

8:30 - 8:35

8:35 – 10:30

10:30 – 12:00

10:30 – 12:00

12:00nn - 1:00pm

1:00 – 2:30

2:30 - 3:30

3:30 – 3:45

3:45 – 4:30

4:30 - 5:00

5:00 - 5:30

d. Agenda


EAFM PLANNING WORKSHOP PREPARING A DRAFT EAFM PLAN FOR THE FMA

a. Objective

• Prepare a draft 5-year EAFM Plan for the FMA

b. Participants

• Same as Workshop 1 - EAFM Team.

c. Expected output

• Draft 5-year EAFM Plan for the FMA

d. Agenda

DAY 1Define FMA and VISION

Arrival of participants (ideally participants arrive the night before)

(While waiting for arrival of all participants) • Registration• Photo ID/ map• Hopes, Concerns, What I bring to the process (metacards)• Fill-out baseline info forms (Background data for FMA)

Lunch

Opening Program

Activity 1 - Introduction of Participants (plenary)

Module 1 - Introduction to Mainstreaming EAFM Program; recap of Start-up Workshop

Activity 2 - Synthesis of hopes, concerns, and what we bring to the process (plenary)

10:00 - 12:00

12:00 - 1:00

1:00 - 1:20

1:20 - 2:00

2:00 - 2:15

2:15 - 2:30

Activity 3 - Identify issues and problems in the FMA (plenary)

Module 2 - Science of fisheries management; what & why of EAFM; principles of EAFM

BREAK

Module 3 - Overview of the EAFM Planning Process

Module 4 - Baseline information about the FMA; validation of proposed FMA

Activity 3 - Define/illustrate VISION for FMA (by groups

• Daily evaluation and feedback

END

2:30 - 2:45

2:45 - 4:00

4:00 - 4:15

4:15 - 4:30

4:30 - 5:15

5:15 - 6:25

6:30 pm


DAY 2Set GOALS, Prioritize ISSUES

and identify OBJECTIVES

Recap of Day 1 (present VISION)

Activity 4 - Prioritize ISSUES and PROBLEMS (clustering of issues; divide into groups)

Activity 5 - Define GOALS (by groups)

BREAK

Activity 5 (continued)• Group report and plenary discussion of GOALS

Activity 6 - Develop OBJECTIVES for each goal (by groups)

LUNCH

Activity 6 (continued)• Develop objectives• Plenary discussion - refine and agree on set of objectives to address all priority issues and problems

Activity 7 - Reality Check: OPPORTUNITIES and THREATS; conflicts map (by groups, plenary discussion)

Activity 8 - Develop INDICATORS and BENCHMARKS for agreed objectives under each goal (by groups)

BREAK

Activity 8 (continued)• Group report and sharing of indicators and benchmarks


END

8:35 - 9:30

9:30 - 10:30

10:30 - 10:45am

10:45 - 11:15

11:15 - 12:00

12:00 - 1:00pm

1:00 - 2:15

1:30 - 2:00

2:00 - 4:00

4:00 - 4:15

4:15 - 5:55

6:00PM

Recap of Day 2

Module 5Introduction to MANAGEMENT ACTIONS• Examples of fisheries management interventions• Foundations of livelihood assistance programs• Compliance and enforcement; monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) framework• Inter-agency, inter-LGU institutional arrangements

BREAK

Activity 9 - Develop MANAGEMENT ACTIONS • Identify management actions under each objective (by groups)

Lunch

Activity 9 (continued)Plenary discussion - refine, prioritize and agree on set of management actions to achieve all objectives

• Fill-out details of management actions: identify specific tasks, roles; set timeframe (by groups)

BREAK

Activity 10 - Prepare for plenary presentation (as one FMA team) of draft EAFM Plan (Goal, objectives and management actions)


END

8:35 - 10:30

10:30 - 10:45am

10:45 - 12:00nn

12:00 - 1:00pm

1:00 - 2:30

2:30 - 3:30

3:30 - 3:45pm

3:45 - 5:55

6:00PM

DAY 3Develop MANAGEMENT ACTIONS


DAY 4Formalize and communicate the PLAN, and M&E

• Recap of Day 3

Activity 10• Plenary presentation of draft EAFM Plan for the FMA:goal, objectives, management actions

Module 6 Formalizing and communicating the draft EAFM Plan

BREAK

Activity 11 Prepare communication plan (by groups)

8:35 -10:00

10:00 - 10:30

10:30 – 10:45pm

10:45 – 12:00

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION VALIDATION AND ADOPTION OF THE EAFM PLAN

a. Objectives • Present overview and rationale for EAFM for the FMA (including background information) • Present draft EAFM Plan • Review and comment on the draft EAFM Plan, especially the management actions

(stakeholder workshop)

b. Participants • Representatives from all key stakeholders identified in the stakeholder analysis during

Workshop 1.

c. Expected output • Comments on the draft EAFM Plan (especially the management actions) • Consensus/commitments of support for the adoption and implementation of the EAFM

Plan

d. Agenda • TBD (it can be a single event convening all representatives of key stakeholders, or a series

of consultations with LGUs, communities, and other key stakeholder groups).

e. Materials needed • Copies of the draft EAFM Plan for the FMA (finalized Workbook) • Brief overview presentation on the EAFM Planning and Implementation Process • Presentation of background information about the FMA • Presentation of the key strategies and management actions in the draft EAFM Plan

LUNCH

Module 7 Monitoring and evaluation

framework

Activity 12 Prepare M&E plan (by groups)

• Next Steps

• Commitment ceremony• Closing program

END

12:00nn - 1:00 pm

2:45 -3:00

3:00-4:00

4:00pm

BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES

PCA Building, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

[email protected]

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