Essential EAFM Date • Place

What is EAFM?

1

What is EAFM?

2

Session objectives After this session you will be able to: •  De!ne the three components of EAFM •  Understand the principles of EAFM and its link to

major elements of CCRF •  Explain how EAFM complements other approaches

What is EAFM?

EAFM is simply the ecosystem approach for !sheries management.

3

So, EAFM is the practical way to implement sustainable development for !sheries by !nding a balance between ecological and human well-being through good governance.

What is EAFM?

Sustainable development

4

What is EAFM?

Ecological      Well-­‐being  

Human      Well-­‐being  Good  

Governance  

Ecological well-being

5

What is EAFM?

•  Healthy ecosystems that maximize ecosystem services

•  Biodiversity that leads to ecosystem resilience

•  Supportive ecosystem structure and habitats

•  Healthy oceans, coastal areas and watersheds

•  Food webs based on diverse sources of primary production

Human well-being

6

What is EAFM?

•  Wealth

•  Health

•  Education

•  Food security

•  Basic human rights

•  Social and cultural connections and relationships

•  Security

Good governance

7

What is EAFM?

The way formal and informal rules and regulations are set and implemented. It includes:

•  planning and implementation mechanisms

•  processes and institutions through which citizens and governing groups voice their interests, mediate differences, exercise their legal rights and meet their obligations

•  resource management

3 Components of EAFM

Ecological well-being

8

EAFM

Good governance

Human well-being

What is EAFM?

Habitat protection & restoration

Pollution & waste

reduction

Sustainable !sheries resource

Increased & equitable

distribution

Sustainable livelihoods

The 3 components 9

•  Ecological well-being: marine ecosystem, environmental conditions, foodwebs, and connected watersheds

•  Human well-being: all human components that are dependent upon, and affecting, the ecosystem

•  Good governace: effective institutions and arrangements for setting and implementing rules and regulations

What is EAFM?

10 Key principles of EAFM

What is EAFM?

Appropriate scale

Cooperation and

coordination  

Increased participation

Precautionary approach

Good governance

Adaptive management Multiple

objectives

11

Principles are not new •  For !sheries, the principles of EAFM were set out in

the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)

•  the CCRF was developed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

•  all FAO member countries agreed to CCRF in 1995

•  your country is a member of FAO

What is EAFM?

Balancing different societal objectives 1.  Read the questions on the cards

What is EAFM?

12

2.  Watch the video clips and use the questions as discussion points

h#p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb2EYUwOk1s       h#p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV5JRpGgiqw  

EA/EBM multi-sector

management

13

Conventional "shery

management

•  target species

•  single species or multi-species

EAFM

•  target and bycatch

•  !shery impacts on the ecosystem

•  integrated management

•  multiple use management

•  threats to the !shery from external factors •  good governance •  socio-economic bene!ts

What is EAFM?

EAFM builds on conventional "sheries management

•  habitats

EAFM complements other approaches 14

Co-management

Conventional !sheries

management

Marine spacial planning

EAFM

Integrated coastal zone

management

What is EAFM?

EA/EBM

Marine Spatial Planning

•  A public process of analysing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in coastal and marine areas to achieve ecological, economic and social objectives that are usually speci!ed through a political process. Use of MPA networks are often an aspect of MSP UNESCO (2009)

15

•  Term covers both (i) plan for users and (ii) implementation tools – e.g. zonation that includes MPAs

What is EAFM?

MPAs •  MPAs can address both !sheries management and

conservation considerations but they often only address conservation of biodiversity, not !sheries

16

•  In some regions stakeholders have not been consulted about MPAs

•  MPAs are really another management tool and should be used in combination with others

•  MPAs often do not address some key elements of !sheries management: •  controlling !shing capacity •  management of an area beyond the boundary of the MPA •  impacts of other uses on !sheries

What is EAFM?

Remember – EAFM is "nding a balance

17

What is EAFM?

•  Balance between conservation and sustainable use of !shery resources

•  Balance of ecological, economic and social objectives

•  Choices will require trade-offs and compromises •  EAFM is, therefore, a process of negotiation around the

allocation of resources (both living and non-living)