LITERATURE UNDERU.S COLONIALISM

Presented by : MA. TERESA A. LOPEZ Bsie-he 3c

LITERATUREDesire for freedomLove of countryFight against colonialist and imperialism.

THREE GROUPS OF WRITERSo The writers in Spanish were accustomed to write on nationalism like

honoring Rizal and other heroes. o The writers in tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of

the coutry and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue.o The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.

THE PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERYoWriters had acquired the mastery of English writing; confident and

competent.

LITERARY TYPESPoetryStories/ short storyPlaysNovelsEssayDrama

“TO THE NATIONAL HERO” By: Cecilio Apostol

• (November 22, 1877 – September 8, 1938) was a Filipino poet and poet laureate. His poems were once used to teach the Spanish language under the Republic Act No. 1881.• He was born in Santa Cruz, Manila

and studied at the Ateneo de Manila where he finished his Bachelor of Arts, before studying law at the University of Santo Tomas.

• During the early years of American occupation he worked as a journalist for the revolutionary newspapers Independence, The Brotherhood, The Union, Renaissance and Democracy. • Apóstol wrote in English and Spanish, and composed poems that

demonstrated his mastery of Spanish. He composed the poem Al Heroe Nacional (To the National Hero) which is dedicated to José Rizal. In the book of poems, Pentélicas, he described landscapes evoking a vivid image. He died in Caloocan, Rizal.• His poem were used to teach the Spanish Language (RA no. 1881)

“NENENG”By: Mena Pecson Crisologo

• (November 11, 1844 to July 5, 1927) Born in Vigan, Ilocos. notario ecclesiastico of the Nueva Segovia Diocese.• Assigned as the first provincial governor of Ilocos Sur during the

American Period (1901).• Married to Felipa Florentino, the sister of the poet Leona Florentino,

by whom he had a daughter, Juana. Existed for almost 84 years• Popular Iloko poet and Dramatist His poems, comedies and zarzuelas

were, for a time, the popular fare in gathering at fiesta time. • His plays usually focused on historical or contemporary issues and

were played in Vigan between 1908-1915.

• It walled Calle Crisologo Street Honored as “Prince of Ilocano Poets" for he introduced the Ilocano counterpart of the balagtasan and the Tagalog poetical contest NENENG Excerpt from Act II, • Neneng, Oeeno Naintaluga-Dingan Pigsa Nga Ayat Scenes 5, 6, 7• Valeriano Hernandez Peña’s Nena at Neneng ,the story of two women

who happened to be best of friends as they cope with their relationships with the men in their lives. Nena succeeds in her married life while Neneng suffers from a stormy marriage because of her jealous husband.• A Ilocano literature contributed, also he was a dramatist and novalist.

“WANTED A CHAPERON”

By: Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero• Was born in Ermita Manila• He has extensively observed the

theater and drama school• National Artist for Philippine theater

(1997) was a Filipino playwright, teacher and & theatre artist• The first Filipino to have a theatre

name after him. the Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero theatre of the UP• His published plays have either been

broadcast over the radio and staged various parts of the Philippines.

• A play in one act,. When published: 1948• Jose villa translated it is “ kailangan isang tsaperon’’• This household comedy tells about conflict among a rich couple and their

children because of their opposing views on behavior and on family norms.• The play is about the traditional way of courting and accompanying girls on a

party and in other occasions. The portrayal of old customs is seen visibly in the play. Don Francisco, one of the major characters is strict with his daughter Nena. He doesn’t want Nena go outside for any occasions without any chaperon. One night, Nena goes out with Fred, her friend. Unfortunately, rumors right after their date are spread.

• Many people think that something bad is happened to the two of them. And for the townspeople it’s inevitable. Until Dona Dolores, mother of Fred goes to Nena’s house and she is insisting that something is happened to his son and to Nena. It is Dona Dolores’ plan to insist his son Fred to Nena but actually, nothing is really happened. The same situation is happened also to Roberting, son of Don Francisco. So to avoid these issues Don Francisco and Dona Dolores look for chaperons for their children to guide them instead of the muchacha.

“AND I WAS CARRIED AWAY” By: Marcel M. Navarra

• (1914-1984) is known as “The Father of Modern Cebuano Literature.” He was born in Tuyom, Carcar. He spent most of his life writing almost 80 short stories which were published in Cebuano magazines; namely, Bisaya, Alimyon and Bulak.

• His first story, Tungod sa Kayagang, was published in Nasud in 1931.

• Marcel Navarra also became editor of two of the most popular Cebuano magazine – Bisaya and Bag-ong Suga.

• Marcel Navarra stopped writing after he wrote his last work entitled Si Zosimo in 1955

• NOVEL

“LIFE EVER BITTER”BY: Faustino S. Aguilar

 • A Filipino author whose works were on the

side of social realism. • He was a member of the Katipunan.• He was born on February 15, 1882. He was

only 14 when he joined the alliance of Filipinos against the Spanish during the colonization period.• Aguilar was known during the American

colonization period in the Philippines as a journalist and editor of Taliba• He also worked for the Department of

Labor.• -NOVEL

• He authored the books entitled Pinaglahuan. Most of his novels talked about violence and injustice in the society during his time.• He died in 1955.• “Kay hirap ng pamumuhay Pinaglahunan” LIFE EVER BITTER (literally "the

point or place where someone or something disappeared" or "fading point") is a Tagalog-language novel written by Filipino novelist Faustino S. Aguilar. Aguilar completed the manuscript on September 25, 1906. The novel was published by Manila Filateco in Manila, Philippines in 1907. The novel was written during the American period in Philippine history(1898-1946).• His novel revolves around the rich girl danding whose love for a factory

clerk had to give way to her parent’s wish to marry her off to the business magnate Rojalde who would organizer in the American firm where he works.

“LOVE”BY: JOSÉ CORAZÓN DE JESÚS

• Buhay Huseng Batute was born on November 22, 1896 in Santa Cruz, Manila and live in sta, Maria Bulacan. • He was christened José Cecilio de Jesús

but he later dropped Cecilio and replaced it with the Spanish name Corazón (heart) because he said it best described his character.• A breathtaking Tagalog poem

about love written by the prolific Filipino poet .• -POEM

“WINGS”BY: JOSÉ CORAZÓN DE JESÚS

• His pen name was Huseng Batute.• was a Filipino poet who used

Tagalog poetry to express the Filipinos' desire for independence during the American occupation of the Philippines, a period that lasted from 1901 to 1946.• He was known as the King of the

Balagtasan. . • He died on May 26, 1932, and is

buried in Manila's North Cemetery.• -POEM

“A VIRGINS HAND” BY: JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS

 

• “A virgins hand” (1929) is beautiful, touching Tagalog poem by Jose Corazon de Jesus about how his love for a woman changed him for the better. It has been said that the hands of a virgin have the power to transform even hardened criminals into good men.• It is about how his love for a

woman change for him for better person. • - POEM

AGAINTS INVADERSBy: Aurelio Tolentino

• Father of the tagalog drama (Filipino dramatist)• Aurelio Valenzuela Tolentino (October

13, 1867 – July 5, 1915) was a Filipino playwright and dramatist whose works at the turn of the 20th century depict his desire to see Philippine independence from its colonizers. Born in Santo Cristo, Guagua, Pampanga, he was the third and youngest child of Leonardo Tolentino and Patrona Valenzuela.

• A theater at the CCP was name after him – tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino• A play of struggle vs. imperialist powersIt is an anti-imperialist play attacking the new colonizers (at that time), the Americans, while not forgiving the old ones – Mother Spain and Old China, who want to feast on the Philippines’ wealth.

“A SON IS BORN”By: Manuel E. Arguilla

• Manuel Estabilla Arguilla (Nagrebcan, June 17, 1911 – beheaded, Manila Chinese Cemetery, August 30, 1944) • was an Ilokano writer in English, patriot,

and martyr.• He is known for his widely anthologized

short story. Where the finest short story writers of their time. And between of them wher in (1910-1944)• A writer club and editor of the

university , Literary Apprentice.

• The best craftsman among Filipino Fictionist in English, whose voice is only really authentic voice. He is shamelessly Filipino.• Republic Cultural Heritage Award -1972 (posthumous).• A son is born –SHORT STORY was published in 1937.• Set in a Philippine barrio at Christmastime, it relates the story of

the birth of the third son in a poor provincial family. The eldest son explains to his younger brother the traditional practices that are involved in the birth of the baby. The story serves mainly to paint a quaint picture of barrio life by presenting local color and the rhythms of the lives of simple folk.

“SI ANABELLA” By: Magdalena Jalandoni

• Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni (May 27, 1891 in Jaro, Iloilo - September 14, 1978 in Jaro) was a Filipino feminist writer. • She is now remembered as one of

the most prolific Filipino writers in the Hiligaynon language. Hailing from Western Visayas,• Her works are said to have left

permanent and significant milestones in Philippine literature.

• Anabella” is a nostalgic trip to the ‘30s. The beau serenades his love with a violin on a moonlit and starry night, they dance in the spacious sala of his palatial home to the strains of a full orchestra, they are the envy of everyone on the dancefloor. But he is rich and his mother takes him away from his lover. Anabella, however, waits patiently for his return and eventually they are reunited.• - SHORT STORY

“IF/KON”By: Gardeopatra Quijano

• As a young woman she was inspired to be independent and not shy from every opportunity that women sparsely had at the time.• Started writing when she was a teenager,• She is a poet . A fictionist and an essayist. • She wrote her poems, stories and essays in cebuano• ”and if I were the wind, oh I’d tease the flowers. I’d scatter to all

corners the fallen petals. So their fragrance would remainA trail of scent for the post • -POEM

“THOUGH YOU TELL ME NOT”By: Evangelina Guerrero

• Evangelina Guerrero y Entrala de Zacarias (1904-1949) was a poet, journalist in the Spanish language. • She was the eldest daughter of the "Prince of Filipino lyric poetry,"

Fernando Ma. Guerrero and Doña Remedios Entrala. • She was born in Quiapo, Manila on 29 May 1904. • She was educated at the Escuela Catolica de Nuestra Señora de Guia

and at the Centro Escolar de Señoritas. In 1929 she was married to Antonio Zacarias, also a poet, who became a secretary of the Philippine Senate.• -POEM

-End-Thank you