government- party- systems and principle to rule

governance- manner of system- manner of doing things- manner of running the affairs

What does the government guarantee?- order- system- guideline- not structure- implementation

CONSTITUTION

Legistlative

House of Representatives Senate

Executive

president vice president

Government can exist without governance Pros (with government):

- solve solutions- consistent – one to all - cooperation – all

Cons (without government)- confusion- complication- no solution

ACTION PROCESS

= SOLVE CONFLICT

Philippine government service?- incosistent

Problem:- transportation of goods (trade)- Tigris vs Euphrates

Judicial

Supreme Court District Courts

Court of Appeals

members NGOs public

authorityprivate

Tigris River- Greek Tiger- “the fast one”- probs: natural catastrophe (drought and rain)

Euphrates River- Greek : eu : good well- Hebrew : parat : fruitful, bountiful- Probs: transporation and trade

Goals of solving the problems:1. necessity to survive 2. solutions 3. LIVE

Irrigation, Transporting1. planning2. direction (Emperor’s entourage)3. coordination4. invention of state

HUMAN POLITY- state- any society with organized government- “body politic”- consists of all the people presently living on the planet, who have become so independent that they

now constitute body politic

CIVILIZATION:Tigris River

- Greek Tiger- “the fast one”- probs: natural catastrophe (drought and rain)

Euphrates River- Greek : eu : good well- Hebrew : parat : fruitful, bountiful- Probs: transporation and trade

Politics- science or art of political government- practice or profession of conduction political affairs- organizing collective human activity- seeking and using the power of the government to make allocations of scarce resources throughout a

given polity

Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia - land between rivers- mesos : middle- potamos : river

Mesopotamia- Old Persian : miyanrudan : “the fertile crescent”

People Attracted to the fertility of the lands (3, 500 B.C) Periodic floodwaters

Two major problems:1. control of water (drought and flood)2. supply of raw materials (metals and wood)

POLITICAL SCIENCE- systematic study of the state and government- “political” : Greek : polis : city, state- “science” : Latin : scire : “to know”- understanding states and its principles- deals extensively with the theories and practices- systems of the government- analysis of political activity and political behavior

IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE- Decisions govern almost everything. We do, and everything done to us.

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES:

1. Socrates - Father of Western Philosophy- teacher Plato

2. Plato - 427 B.C.- Athens

- aristocrat from a well-off family- The Republic - groomed for public service

3. Aristotle - Father of Political Science- Father of Philosophy- Lyceum

* Aristotle’s politika- “affairs of state”- governing and governments

Athens vs. SpartaThe Big Idea:

The two most powerful city-states in Greece, Sparta and Athens, had very different cultures and became bitter enemies in the 400s B.C.

Note:- Athens : intellect- Sparta : power

Politics - science of good sense- applied to public affairs

1769- “a person’s political allegiances or opinions”

Mesopotamia- cradle of civilization

Athens- cradle of Western civilization and culture

human civilization- need to develop technological expertise

Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright- inventors of the first engineered plane

airplane- “flat surface”- “smooth”

Successful flight- December 1903

Necessity of state:1. city-states

- small population2. empires

- larger power3. nation-states

- inhabitants numerous subunits recognized and accepted common citizenship

1914 to 1919 World War I

International Organization:1. United Nations 2. World Health Organization 3. ASEAN

BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

1. Constitutional Law- branch of public law- treats of the organization, powers, and frame of the government- distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions- the fundamental principles- regulate the relations of government and citizen

2. Public Administration

- decision making- analysis of policies- inputs necessary to produce alternative policies

- implementation of government policies- academic studies- prepares civil servants- management of public servants- translate politics into reality

3. International Relations- study of relationship between:

o countrieso roles of stateso Inter-governmental Organizations (IGOs)o International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs)o Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)o multinational corporations

- territorial states which acknowledge no superior authority- nature of changing relationship between sates and not state- explain interaction of states on the global

4. Comparative Government- study of substantive political systems of countries- identifying and explaining similarities and differences between these countries using common

concepts

States- community of persons, - permanently occupying a definite portion of territory- having a government of its own to which the great body of the inhabitants render obedience- enjoying external control/freedom- state is above the government

factors to consider:1. security – social relationships2. convenience 3. finances – economics4. relationship – established name

STATE vs NATIONState

- legal aspect- community of people

Nation- different culture- common:

o ancestryo languageo customso traditionso history

- ex. US vs. Phl turkey litsong baboy

ELEMENTS OF THE STATE:

1. people- inhabitants living within

Note:IT IS NOT DEPENDENT TO THE NO. OF POPULATION

Vatican City- state within a state- smallest- 2, 000

China- largest- 2 BILLION

2. territory- geographical profile:

- territorial - land- fluvial - rivers- maritime - seas- aerial - air

Republic of Nauru- smallest

former Soviet Union- largest

Canada -

MODES OF ACQUIRING TERRITORY:1. discovery and subjugation 2. conquest

- forced applications- imperialism- colonialism

3. accretion - natural- flood- earthquake

4. cession - acquired- disowned - token- purchased

5. prescription - acquired over period of time

3. government- agency through which the will of the states is formulated, expressed and carried out

Note:AS LONG AS THERE IS A SYSTEM, THERE IS GOVERNMENT

Franklin Drilon- Senate Pres

Maria Lourdes Sereno- Chief Justice

Sonny Belmonte- Senate Pres

Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III- president

FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT1. Constituent Function

- compulsory- ex.

alert - Yolanda - agad-agad 2. Ministrant Function

- welfare of the common people for common interestex.

help - may budget na nakalaan

3. Parens Patriae’ Doctrine - serve and protect the rights of the people in its territoryex.

ung pag-o-open ng mga balikbayan boxes ng OFWs

CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT1. De Facto Government

- exist and control without legal title- through revolution, revolt

ex. Aguinaldo Aquino

2. De Jure Government - duty constituted government with a legal title as defined by the constitution

ex. Gloria - next in line ng nagresign na Erap

4. sovereignty- power to enforce- precedes government

Note:GOVERNMENT OVER SOVEREIGNITY

KINDS OF SOVEREIGNITY:1. internal

- state to govern people2. external

- independence- freedom of the state from external intervention

PRINCIPLES OF SOVEREIGNITY1. auto-limitation

- consent- expressed- submit to restriction

2. Imperium - passing laws governing a territory

3. Dominium - capacity of the state to own or acquire a territory

ex. Sabah – Mindanao

MANIFESTATIONS (TERRITORIAL)1. territorial

- authority over all persons2. personal

- authority: state over national- national precedes state- persons- property and acts

ex. marry a Filipiniana, then purchase an island in the Philippines

3. extraterritorial - authority of the state over persons, things, acts outside the country- its territorial limits by reason of their effects to its territoryex. Filipino – visiting a foreign is compelled to follow the laws in the country you currently visit