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PREAMBLEOF THE PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUTION

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

ELEMENTSOF STATE

POPULATION / PEOPLE- The population of a state comprises

all individuals who, in principle, inhabit the territory in a permanent way.

- It may consist of nationals and foreigners.

- The population of a state need not be completely homogeneous in culture, language, race or otherwise.

TERRITORY‐ Territory is a geographical area that

is owned and controlled by a government or country to exercise such state sovereignty.

‐ comprises and refers to land territory which belongs to state and individuals, internal waters and territorial sea (straits) which state claims for sovereignty, and the airspace above this territory.

GOVERNMENT- The government is the executive branch of

the state and has the role to administer the state uniformly in the following aspects:

o Politicalo Economico Socialo Culturalo Use of Natural Resources

o Environmental Protectiono National Defenseo Securityo Foreign Affairs

SOVEREIGNTY- The supreme power of the state to

command and enforce obedience.- Sovereignty is the quality of having

supreme, independent authority over a territory.

- It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided.

DEFINITION

NATION

A large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.

STATEA community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control.

GOVERNMENT

Agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out.

THEORIES OF ORIGIN

BASED ON THE ORIGINAL STATE INCLUDED IN THE

PREAMBLE

DIVINE RIGHT

Holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people.

NECESSITY OR FORCE

Maintains that states must have been created through force.

PATERNALISTIC

Attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family.

SOCIAL CONTRACT

Asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government of their own.

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

MONARCHY

The supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into:- absolute monarchy- limited monarchy

ARISTOCRACY

The political power is exercised by the few priviledged class.

DEMOCRACYThe political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is futher classified into two: -Direct or Pure democracy- Indirect or Representative democracy