P.G AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

KUNTHAVAI NAACHIYAR GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE

FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), THANJAVUR

B.Sc., BOTANY

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM –P.G. PATTERN

(2011 – 2012 onwards)

KUNTHAVAI NAACHIYAAR GOVT. ARTS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(AUTONOMOUS ) THANJAVUR

UG Programmes - Course Structure under CBCS

B.Sc., Botany

(applicable to the candidates admitted from the academic year 2011-2012 onwards)

Semester Part Course Subject Code Course Title Ins. Hr/

week

Credit Exam Hour

Marks Total

Int. Ext.

I

I I (LC) 11K1T1 Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

II I (ELC) 11K1E1 English 6 3 3 25 75 100

III I (CC) 11K1B01

Plant Diversity I

(Algae, Fungi, Lichens &

Bryophytes)

5 5 3 25 75 100

II (CC) Practical for Core Course I 3 - - - - -

I (AC) 11K1B/

CHAZ1 Allied Zoology 5 4 3 25 75 100

II (AC) Allied Practical 3 - - - - -

IV 11K1ES Environmental Studies 2 2 3 25 75 100

TOTAL 30 17 125 375 500

II

I II (LC) 11K2T2 Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

II II (ELC) 11K2E2 English 6 3 3 25 75 100

III II (CC) 11K2B02P Practical for Core Course I

and III (3)+3 5 3 40 60 100

III (CC) 11K2B03

Plant Diversity II

(Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms

& Paleobotany)

4 4 3 25 75 100

II (AC) 11K2B/

CHAZ2P Practical for Allied Zoology 3 3 3 40 60 100

III (AC) 11K2B/CHAZ

3 Allied Zoology 4 3 3 25 75 100

IV NME-1 11K2BEL01 Garden Designing and

Floriculture 2 2 3 25 75 100

11K2VE Value Education 2 2 3 25 75 100

II year TOTAL 30 24 230 570 800

III

I III (LC) 11K3T3 Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

II III (ELC) 11K3E3 English 6 3 3 25 75 100

III IV (CC) 11K3B04 Anatomy, Embryology & Cell

biology 4 4 3 25 75 100

V (CC) 11K3B05 Ecology & Phytogeography 3 3 3 25 75 100

IV Practical for Core Course IV &V 3 - - - - -

Sec.Allied

I(AC)

11K3B/P/

ZACH1 Allied Chemistry 5 4 3 25 75 100

IV Sec.Allied

II(AC) Allied Practical 3 - - - - -

TOTAL 30 17 125 375 500

IV

I IV (LC) 11K4T4 Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

II IV (ELC) 11K4E4 English 6 3 3 25 75 100

III VI (CC) 11K4B06P Practical for Core Course IV, V

and VII (3)+3 6 3 40 60 100

VII (CC) 11K4B07 Microbiology & Immunology 4 4 3 25 75 100

Sec.Allied

II (AC)

11K4B/P/ZA

CH2P Practical for Allied Chemistry 3 3 3 25 75 100

Sec.Allied

II (AC)

11K4B/P/ZA

CH3 Allied Chemistry 4 3 3 40 60 100

IV Skill based

Elective II 11K4SBEC1 Soft Skills 4 4 3 25 75 100

V 11K4EA Extension Activity 1 - - - -

III year TOTAL 30 25 205 495 700

V

III VII (CC) 11K5B08 Morphology, Taxonomy &

Economic Botany 5 5 3 25 75 100

III VIII(CC) 11K5B09 Plant pathology, Plant Breeding

& Horticulture 4 4 3 25 75 100

III IX (CC) Practical I (for Core Course

VIII & IX) 3 - - - - -

III X (CC) Practical II (for CC XII & XIII) 3 - - - - -

III Major

based

Elective I 11K5BELB1 Biotechnology 5 5 3 25 75 100

IV NME-2 11K5BEL02 Biofertilizers 2 2 3 25 75 100

Skill based

Elective II 11K5SBEC2

Communication and Personality

Development 4 4 3 25 75 100

Skill based

Elective III 11K5SBEC3 Fish culture 4 4 3 25 75 100

TOTAL 30 24 150 450 600

VI

III X (CC) 11K6B10P Practical I (for Core Course VIII

& IX) (3)+3 5 3 40 60 100

III XI (CC) 11K6B11P Practical II (for CC XII & XIII) (3)+3 5 3 40 60 100

III XII (CC) 11K6B12 Biophysics, Biochemistry &

Plant Physiology 7 5 3 25 75 100

III XIII (CC) 11K6B13 Genetics and Molecular Biology 7 5 3 25 75 100

III

Major

Based

Elective II

11K6BELB2 Medicinal Botany 5 5 3 25 75 100

III

Major

Based

Elective

III

11K6BELB3 Biostatistics, & Bioinformatics 4 4 3 25 75 100

V 11K6GS Gender Studies 1 1 3 25 75 100

TOTAL 30 30 205 495 700

Grand Total 180 140 3800

Details on the number of courses and credits per course in different UG

Programmes - 2011-2012 onwards

Credit should not Exceed Hours

Course Course Title No. of

Courses Instruction

Hour Credit

Part I Tamil 4 24 12

Part II English 4 24 12

Part III Core Course

(Theory & Practicals)

13

(9+4) 67 60

AC Allied Course

(Theory & Practicals) 6 30 20

EC Elective Course 3 14 14

Part IV

Skill Based Elective 3 12 12

Other Non Major Elective

Course (OEC) 2 4 4

Environmental Studies 1 2 2

Value Education 1 2 2

Part V Extension Activities 1 - 1

Gender Studies 1 1 1

Total 39 180 140

Skill Based Elective - 3papers

IV Semester - 1 - I

V Semester - 2 - II, III

Non Major Elective (NME)

OEC I - II Semester - I

OEC II - V Semester - I

Note : As per part of Botany Degree Courses every student shall undertaken a tour and field study of Vegetation under the guidance of the staff for not less than (FIVE DAYS within the state) in the III year and submit a minimum number of 25 herbarium sheets. Students shoued submit duly certified record of their practical work for all the practical examinations and those who do not submit the record shall not be permitted to the concerned practical examination.

Allied Botany I : K1ZAB1

Allied Botany II : K2 ZAB3

Practical : K2ZAB2P

Note:

Internal Marks External Marks

1. Theory 25 75

2. Practical 40 60

3. Separate passing minimum is prescribed for Internal and External marks

The passing minimum for CIA shall be 40% out of 25 marks (i.e. 10 marks)

The passing minimum for University Examinations shall be 40% out of 75 marks (i.e. 30

marks)

List of Allied Courses

1.Zoology

2.Chemistry

Note:

1. Either group of Allied Courses may be offered in the first / second year for all the UG

courses.

SEMESTER I

Hours 5

Credit 3

Code 11K1B01

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE – I

PLANT DIVERSITY – I (ALGAE, FUNGI, LICHENS & BRYOPHYTES)

UNIT-I: ALGAE

General characteristics of the various divisions of algae Classfication (F.E. Fritsch).

Economic importance (Human Relevance) of Algae. Study of structure and

reproduction of the following genera: Nostoc, Chlorella, Chara & Oedogonium.

UNIT-II: Study of structure and reproduction of the following genera: Cosmarium,

Caulerpa, Vaucheria, Dictyota and Polysiphonia.

UNIT-III: FUNGI

Study of the general characteristics of fungi – Classification - Alexopoulos and Mims

(1978) -Economic importance of fungi. A Detailed Study of the structure,

reproduction and life-cycle of the following: Albugo, Saccharomyces, Peziza,

Puccinia and Polyporus.

UNIT IV: LICHENS

Occurrence, Distribution, Structure, Reproduction and Economic importance of

Lichen. A detailed study of the Structure and Reproduction of Usnea

UNIT V: BRYOPHYTES

General Characteristics- Classification- Morphology, Structure, Reproduction of the

following genera: Riccia, Porella, Anthoceros and Funaria.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Pandey BP.,1999, College Botany Vol I S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi. 2. A Rashid, 1999, An Introduction to Bryophyta, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi.

3. Pandey, BP.,2005,Simplified course in Botany, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Alexopoulos, CJ.,1952, Introduction to Mycology, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

5. Smith, GM., 1955, Cryptogamic Botany Vol- I& II , Mc Graw Hill, New York

2. Gangulee, HC. & kar, Ak., 1989, College Botany, Vol-11, Books & Allied Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta.

4. Sharma, OP., 1989, Text Book of Fungi, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New York.

5. Chopra, G.L., 1990, Text Book of Algae, S.Nagin & Co., Jullundur City.

6. Mehrotra, RS & Aneja, KR., 1999, An introduction to Mycology, 2nd

Ed. New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi.

SEMESTER II

Hours 4

Credit 4

Code 11K2B03

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE – III

PLANT DIVERSITY – II (PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERM S& PALEOBOTANY)

UNIT-I: PTERIDOPHYTES

General characteristics – Classification (Reimers – 1954 ) - Morphology, Structure,

Reproduction and Life histories of the following genera: Psilotum, Lycopodium,

Selaginella & Equisetum.

UNIT-II:

Morphology, Structure, Reproduction and Life histories of the following genera:

Ophioglossum, Adiantum. Stelar evolution in Pteridophytes - Heterospory and origin

of seed habit.

UNIT III: GYMNOSPERMS

General characteristics – Classification (Sporne – 1965) - origin & Evolution -

comparison with Pteridophytes and Angiosperms - Economic importance of

Gymnosperm.

UNIT IV: Morphology, Structure, Anatomy, Mode of Reproduction & Life history of the

following genera: Cycas, Pinus, Gnetum.

UNIT V: PALEOBOTANY

Geological Time Scale – Methods of fossilization – Radio-Carbon dating.: A brief

study of the following fossil forms: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites, Williamsonia,

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Ganguly, A.K., 1971, General Botany, Vol.I, The New Book Stall, Calcutta. 2. Pandey et al., 1999, A text book of Botany Vol.II. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

3. Pandey B.P., 1999, Simplified Course in Botany, S.Chand & Coimpany Ltd. New Delhi.

4. Pandey Vashista PC, Sinha Ak & Anilkumar., 2005, Botany for degree students

gymnosperms. S Chand And Company Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCES :

1. Sporne, KR., 1967, The Morphology of Gymnosperms, Hutchinson & Co., London.

2. Prem Puri., 1973, Bryophytes, A broad perspective, Atma Ram & Sons, New Delhi.

3. Sporne, KR., 1975, The Morphology of Pteridophytes, Hutchinson & Co., London.

4. Vashishta, B.C., 1980, Pteridophyta, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

5. Vashishta, B.C., 1991, Vascular Cryptogams, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

CORE COURSE -II

I B.Sc., PRACTICAL FOR CORE COURSE I & III

SEMESTER-I

Study of the morphological, anatomical and reproductive parts of the following

genera:

ALGAE : Nostoc, Chlorella, Chara, Oedogonium, Cosmarium,

Caulerpa, Vaucheria, Dictyota and Polysiphonia.

FUNGI : Albugo, Saccharomyces, Peziza, Puccinia, Polyporus,.

LICHEN: Usnea

BRYOPHYTES: Riccia, Porella, Anthoceros and Polytrichum.

SEMESTER-II

PTERIDOPHYTES : Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella , Equisetum,

Ophioglossum, Adiantum.

GYMNOSPERMS: Cycas, Pinus and Gnetum

PALEOBOTANY: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites, Williamsonia.

Hours 6 (3+3)

Credit 4

Code 11K2B02P

Marks 100(40+60)

SEMESTER I

Hours 5

Credit 4

Code 11K1ZAB1

Marks 25+75=100

ALLIED COURSE I

ALLIED BOTANY: THALLOPHYTES, BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES,

GYMNOSPERMS, ECOLOGY & PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT I : THALLOPHYTES

Algae : General characters, study of structure and life histories of the following genera -

Oscillatoria, Oedogonium, Polysiphonia.

Fungi : Study of structure and reproduction of the following genera – Albugo, Penicillium

and Polyporus.

UNIT II : BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES AND GYMNOSPERMS

General characters of Bryophytes, Structure and life cycle of Funaria. General characters of

Pteridophyte, Structure and life cycle of Lycopodium. General characters of Gymnosperms,

Structure and life cycle of Cycas.

UNIT III : ECOLOGY

Ecological Adaptation of plants- Hydrophytes (Nymphaea,Nelumbium),

Mesophytes(Hibiscus), Xerophytes (Nerium, Opuntia) Halophytes (Rhizophora, Avecinea).

UNIT IV : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Absorption of water and mineral salts, Growth hormones – Auxins, Gibberellins and

Cytokinins. Photosynthesis – Light reaction, Dark reaction and Factors affecting

photosynthesis.

UNIT V : RESPIRATION

Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration and Fermentation. Mechanism of respiration –

Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and factors affecting the rate of respiration.

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Smith, GM., 1955, Cryptogamic Botany Vol- I& II , Mc Graw Hill, New York 2. Pandey et al., 1998, A text book of Botany Vol.II. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

3. Sharma, P.D.,1999, Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut.

4 .Vashista PC, Sinha Ak & Anilkumar., 2005, Botany for degree students.

S Chand And Company Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Jain, V.K., 2006, Fundamentals of Plant Physiology, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New delhi.

REFERENCE: 1. Odum, E.P., 1970, Fundamentals of Ecology, 3

rd edn, W.B. Saunders Ltd., UK.

2. Ganguly, A.K., 1971, General Botany, Vol.II, The New Book Stall, Calcutta.

3. Rao, K.M., Krishnamoorthy, K.V. and Rao, G., 1979, Ancillary Botany, Vishwanathan

Private Ltd.

4. Pandey, SN & Sinha, Bk., 1989, Plant Physiology, Vikas Publishing House Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Salisbury, F.B. & Ross, CN., 1995, Plant Physiology, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Verma, S.K., 1999, A Text book of Plant Physiology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

SEMESTER II

Hours 4

Credit 3

Code 11K2ZAB2

Marks 25+75=100

ALLIED COURSE III

ALLIED BOTANY : TAXONOMY, ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY

& HORTICULTURE

UNIT I: TAXONOMY

General outline of Benthum and Hooker’s system of classification, Study of the range of

characters and Economic importance of Rutaceae, Leguminosae,.Cucurbitaceae,

UNIT II:

Study of the range of characters and Economic importance of Rubiaceae, Apocyanaceae,

Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae.

UNIT III: ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY

Types of tissues, primary structure of dicot & monocot stem, root and leaf. Secondary

thickening in dicot stem. Structure of mature anther and ovule, fertilization development of

dicot embryo.

UNIT IV: MICROBIOLOGY

Characters , ultra structure and reproduction(Binary Asexual & Sexual) of bacteria &

Virus(Lytic & Lysogenic cycle). Economic importance of bacteria & Virus.

UNIT V: HORTICULTURE

Horticulture, scope and importance, Propagation methods-Cutting, Layering and grafting.

TEXT BOOKS 1. Bhojwani, S.S., 1981, Embryology of angiosperms, Vicar & Bhatnagar, S. P Pulishing

house Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

1. Pandey et al., 1998. A text book of Botany Vol.II. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

2. Kumar, K.N., 1999, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagerkoil

3. Pandey B.P.,2001, Taxonmy of Angiosperms, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

4. Pandey B.P.,2005, Plant Anatomy, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

REFERENCES : 1. Esau.K.,1953, Plant anatomy, John wiley Sons Inc, New York.

2. Maheshwari, P., 1963, An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. International

Society of Plant morphologist, New Delhi.

3. Ganguly, A.K., 1971, General Botany, Vol.I, The New Book Stall, Calcutta.

4. Rao, K.M., Krishnamoorthy, K.V. and Rao, G., 1979, Ancillary Botany, Vishwanathan

Private Ltd.

5. Pelczar, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N .R., 1993, Microbiology Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

6. Kumar, K.N., 1999, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagerkoil.

ALLIED COURSE – II Practical I (Covering Theory Papers I & III)

SEMESTER-I

ALGAE: Oscillatoria, Oedogonium, Polysiphonia.

FUNGI: Albugo, Penicillium and Polyporus.

BRYOPHYTES: Funaria.

PTERIDOPHYTES: Lycopodium.

GYMNOSPERMS: Cycas

ECOLOGY: Nymphaea, Nerium, Rhizophora, Avecinea.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY:

1. Bellijar experiment

2. Demonstration of transpiration pull

3. Evolution of O2 during photosynthesis

4. Ganong’s Light Screen experiment

5. Ganong’s Potometer-Transpiration.

6. Ganong ‘s respirometer experiment

7. Mohl’s half leaf experiment

8. Root pressure experiment

SEMESTER-II

TAXONOMY:

Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocyanaceae, Lamiaceae,

Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae.

ANATOMY & EMBROYOLOGY:

Dicot & Monocot stem, root and leaf. Mature Anther, Ovule, Dicot embryo.

MICROBIOLOGY:

Bacteria cell, T4 Bacteriophage, Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

HORTICULTURE TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS:

Horticulture Tools- Spade, Sickle, Pruning Stears, Weed cutter,

Plant propagation methods-Grafting

Hours 6 (3+3)

Credit 3

Code 11K2B/CHAZ2P

Marks 100(40+60)

I B.Sc., SEMESTER-II

NME

GARDEN DESIGNING AND FLORICULTURE

UNIT I:

History, and Development of Gardening.

Principles of designing a garden, Importance. of gardeing.

UNIT II:

Garden – Types of Garden – Terrace garden, Rock garden, Hydroponics, Terrarium,

Arches, Pergolas, Bonsai and lawn.

UNIT III:

Home Garden – Interior decoration – Decorating the Home with the plants – (Foliage

plants and Flowering plants – window sill, balcony and roof garden.

UNIT IV:

General aspects of cultivation of Commercial flowers in India . Scope and importance

of commercial flower. Cut flowers and their maintenance.

UNIT V:

Flower arrangement. Commercial Floriculture, Cultural practices of Rose, Jasmine,

Chrysanthemum, Crossandra and Polyanthus..

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Manibushan Rao.,K1991, Text book of Horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Co.,

New York.

2. Kumar, N., 1999, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagar koil. 3. Rao, K.M., 2000, Text Book of Horticulture. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCE:

1. Edmond, J.B. et al., 1977, Fundamentals of Horticulture. Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co.

Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Arora, J. S., 1992, Introductory ornamental Horticulture, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.

3. Prasad., 2005, Principles of Horticulture, International Book Dist., Dehra Dun.

Hours 2

Credit 2

Code 11K2BEL01

Marks 25+75=100

II B.Sc., SEMESTER III Hours 4

Credit 4

Code 11K3BO4

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - IV

ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT I: ANATOMY Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation of tissue - Plant tissue -Simple and

permanent tissue – Parenchyma, Collenchyma , Sclerenchyma, Stomatal types, Vascular

cambium – structure , function.

UNIT II: Primary structure of root, stem & leaf in dicot and monocots. Normal Secondary growth –

stem and root. Anomalous secondary growth in dicot stem – Boerhaavia and Bignonia.

Monocot stem – Dracaena .

UNIT III: EMBRYOLOGY

Structure and Development of anther, Development of male gametophyte, Structure and

types of ovules, Development of female gametophyte. Embryo sac – Monosporic

(Polygonum), Bisporic (Allium), Tetrasporic (Peperomea).

UNIT IV :

A brief account on pollination, Fertilization, Endosperm – Nuclear, Cellular, Helobial.

Development of embryo in Dicot & Monocot.

UNIT V: CELL BIOLOGY

Ultra structure of plant cell, Cell wall , Plasma membrane, Cell organelles – Plastids,

Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum,Ribosome, Golgi body – Nucleus – Lamp brush

chromosome and Polytene Chromosome – Cell cycle & Stages.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pandey.B.P.,1978, Plant Anatomy,S.Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P., 1978,The Embryology of angiosperms, S. P

Publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

3. Verma,P.S. and Agarwal, V.K., 1986,Cell biology and Molecular Biology. S.Chand and

Company, New Delhi.

4. Pandey B.P.,2005, Plant Anotomy, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Metcalfe, C.A. and L.Chalk., 1950, Anatomy of the Dicotyledones (2vol), Oxford Press,

London.

2. Easu.K.,1965, Plant Anatomy, 2nd

,ed., Wiley. New York.

3. Fahn, A., 1967, Plant Anatomy, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

4. Maheswari, P.,1971,An Introduction to Embryologyof Angiosperms Tata Mc. Graw Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Cutter, E.G., 1971, Plant anatomy, Edward Aenold Ltd, London.

6. Power, C.B.,1984,Cell biology. Himalaya Publishing Co. Mumbai.

7. De Robertis and De Robertis., 1998, Cell and Molecular biology. K.M.Verghese and

Company.

II B.Sc., SEMESTER III Hours 3

Credit 3

Code 11K3B05

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE-V

ECOLOGY & PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

UNIT I: PLANT ECOLOGY

Ecology- Definition,Approaches to the study of ecology, Autecology, synecology. Plant

environment- climate, edaphic & biotic factors.

UNIT II:

Ecosystem concept-components of abiotic and biotic factors-pond ecosystem, biomass

ecological pyramids, productivity-primary, secondary & gross; food chain- food web &

energy flow .

UNIT III:

Vegetation –Methods of study of vegetation (Quadrate and transect). Migration -

colonization, Plant succession - hydrosere & xerosere. Ecological adaptations-

Hydrophytes,Mesophytes and xerophytes.

UNIT IV:

Pollution – Air pollution- Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Soil pollution, Industrial and

Water pollution.

UNIT V: PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

Phytogeographical region of India. vegetational types of India. Evergreen, deciduous, and

mangrove Vegetations.. Endemism-Types of Endemism.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Sharma, P.D., 1999, Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut.

2. Kumaresan.M., 2000, Ecology and Phytogeography, Saras Publication, Trunelvali

REFERENCE: 1. Odum, E.P., 1970, Fundamentals of Ecology, 3

rd edn, W.B. Saunders Ltd., UK.

2. Krishnan, N.T., Santhana Kumar, G.,1992, Environmental Biology. J.J. Publications,

Madurai.

3. Krishnamurthy K.V., 2003, An advanced text book on Biodiversity Principle and Practice,

Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

4. Subrahmanyam N.S. Sambamurty A.V.S.S.,2004, Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi.

5. Saha, T.K., 2007, Ecology and Environmental Biology, Arunabha sen Books & Allied

Pvt. Ltd., Kolkatta.

II B.Sc., SEMESTER IV

Hours 4

Credit 4

Code 11K4BO7

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - VII

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

UNIT I: MICROBIOLOGY

History and Scope of Microbiology, Microbial diversity – General features of Protozoa,

Moulds, Yeasts, Bacteria, Viruses, Viroids, Prions.

UNIT II:

Structure, Growth, Nutrition, Culture, and Multiplication of bacteria.Genetics of Microbes-

Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation. Economic importance of Bacteria.

UNIT III:

Viruses and Phages- Morphology & reproduction, Yeast Morphology, Physiology &

Multiplication- Economic importance of Yeast, Virus and Phage .

UNIT IV: IMMUNOLOGY

Introduction to Immunology. Components of Immune System (Primary immune system and

Secondary immune system) Antigen, Antibody, Natural and acquired immunity –definition

and types.

UNIT V:

Application of immune-biology in industry & medicine. Vaccinology- Vaccine production,

Immunotoxins.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Sharma, P.D., 1992,Microbiology - Rastogi & Co., India.

2. Power and Daginwala., 1994,General Microbiology (Vol- 1&2) - Himalayan Pub. House.

3. Nandini Shetty., 1996,Immunology- An introductory text book, New Age (P)Ltd.

4. Pelezar. J., Chan E.C.S and krieg. R., 1999, Microbiology, Tata Me craw Hill, New

Delhi.

REFERENCE :

1. Carpenter P.L., 1967, Microbiology - Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

2. Salle, A.J., 1974, Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata Me craw Hill, New Delhi.

3. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A and Ingram, J.L.,1978, General Microbiology, Mac Millan &

Co.,Londan.

4. Davis, B.D., Dulbecco, R.Eiser, H.N. & Grinsberg, H.S., 1980, Microbiology – Harper &

Row, New York.

5. Schegal, H.E., 1986, General Microbiology - Cambridge University, London.

6. Prescott, Harley and Klein., 1996, Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications, New

Delhi,

7. Kuby J., 2000, Immunology, 3rd

edn., Garland Pub. Inc. New York.

II B.Sc., SEMESTER IV PRACTICAL FOR CORE COURSE IV , V &VII

SEMESTER-III

ANATOMY:

Preparation of TS of the following plant parts. Monocot stem, Dicot stem, Root and leaf,

Normal and secondary thickening in dicot stem and root, Anomalous secondary thickening in

Boerhaavia, Bignonia and Dracaena.

EMBRYOLOGY:

T.S of anther and ovule, Types of Embryo sac – Monosporic (Polygonum), Bisporic

(Allium), Tetrasporic (Peperomeia), Types of Endosperm – Nuclear, Cellular, Helobial.

Embryo dissection (Cucumis/Tridax)

CELL BIOLOGY:

Structure of cell organells – Nucleus, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Golgi

complex.Endoplasmic Reticulum .Mitosis (Onion root tip) and Meiosis (Tradescantia). Lamp

brush chromosome and Polytene Chromosome.

ECOLOGY:

1. Determine the porosity& retentivity of soil 2. Determination of Soil & Water pH.

3. Study of vegetation by the quadrate, line transects estimation of frequency, density &

Dominance cover.

4. Study of morphological features of epiphytes, parasites and halophytes.

Cover.

5. Study of morphological and anatomical features of Mesophytes, hydrophytes and

Xerophytes, Epiphytes.

SEMESTER-IV

MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY.

Media preparation – Nutrient Agar and PDA

Plating techniques-Pour plate, Streak plate

Gram staining of Bacteria

Identification of bacteria, Virus & Yeast.

Blood grouping and Rh factor.

SPOTTERS: Viroids, Prions, Antogen, Antobody, ELISA, RIA, Vaccine & Immunotoxins.

Hours 6=3+(3)

Credit 6

Code 11K4BO6P

Marks 40+60=100

III B.Sc., SEMESTER V

Hours 5

Credit 5

Code 11K5B08

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - VIII

MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY

UNIT I: MORPHOLOGY

Types of leaves and Phyllotaxy. Inflorescence – Racemose, Corymb, Spike, Cymose –

Monochasial and Dichasial, Special types - Cyathium, Hypanthodium and Verticillaster.

Flower – Description of typical dicot and monocot flowers. Fruits – Simple, Aggregate and

Multiple.

UNIT II: TAXONOMY

Binomial nomenclature, Systems of classification –Bentham &Hooker and Engler &Prantl.

Merits and Demerits of their systems. Herbarium techniques – Collection,drying,mounting

and preservation.

UNIT III:

A detailed study of the following Families and their Economic Importance : Polypetalae –

Nymphaeaceae , Cruciferae, Capparidaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae,

Leguminosae [Papilinoideae (Fabaceae), Caesalpinoideae (Caesalpinaceae) & Mimosoideae

(Mimosae)],Cucurbitaceae.

UNIT IV: Gamopetalae - Rubiaceae & Asteraceae. Apocyanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae,

Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Labiatae, Monochalamydeae - Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae,

Orchidaceae, Liliaceae and Gramineae (Poaceae).

UNIT V: ECONOMIC BOTANY

A brief study of the following economic plants and their main economic important products.

Food –cereals – Rice,Wheat, Pulses – Cajanus cajan, Glycine max(Soya bean),Edible oil-

Sesamum, Root tubers - Manihot, sugar – Saccharum.Fibers – Gossypium, Coccus nucifera,

Medicine –Adhatoda, Aloe,. Solanum.Spices - Piper nigrum, Cardamom. Alkaloid Forest

products- Timber-Teak, Santal. Tannins, Gums, Resins, Rubber and Paper.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Vashista, P.C.,l990,Taxonomy of Angiosperms-S.Chand & Co.,New Delh

2. B.P.Pandey., and Anitha., 1990, Economic Botany, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New

Delhi. 3. Pandey, B.P., 1997,Taxonomy of Angiosperms-S.Chand & Co., New Delhi

REFERENCE: 1. Lawrence H.W., 1955, Taxonomy of vascular plants. Macmillan, Co., USA.

2. Davis, P.H &. Heywood, V.M 1963, Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy, Oliver &

Boyd.

3. Jaffrey C., 1982, An introduction to Plant Taxonomy- Cambridge University, Press,

UK.

4. Heywook, V.K. & Moore, D.M., 1984, Current Concepts in Plant Taxonomy,

Academic Press, London.

5. Grant, W.F., 1884,Plant Biosystematics, Acad Press Inc., Canada.

6. Sharma O.P,2000, Economic Botany, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications, New Delhi.

7. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S.,2005, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi

III B.Sc., SEMESTER V Hours 4

Credit 4

Code 11K5B09

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - IX

PLANT PATHOLOGY, PLANT BREEDING & HORTICULTURE

UNIT- I PLANT PATHOLOGY

Methods of disease control (Chemical & Biological control). Casual organism, Symptoms,

disease cycle and control measures.

a. Mycoplasma – Little leaf of Brinjal.

b. Viral - TMV.

c. Bacterial - Citrus canker.

d. Fungal - Red rot of Sugarcane. UNIT - II PLANT BREEDING:

Objectives of plant breeding – breeding methods in self pollinated, cross pollinated,

vegetatively propagated and apomitic plants, Hybrid vigour in plant breeding.. Polyploidy-

induced, auto, allo polyploidy–Mutation breeding.

UNIT – III HORTICULTURE.

Importance and scope of Horticulture. Classification of Horticultural crops-Factors- climate,

soil, water - Hydroponics- Vermiculture and composting.

UNIT – IV

Garden designing- types of garden-Formal.Informal.Kitchen and rock garden.Lawn and

nursery maintenance-Pruning techiniques-Cultivation of commercial flowers (rose,

jasmine),fruit trees-(Mango and Bannana).

UNIT –V

Plant propagation methods-cutting, layering, grafting and budding, stock-scion relationship.

Use of plant growth regulators in horticulture-induction of rooting, flowering thinning and

control of fruit drop.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Bilgrimi,K.S,& Dube.H.C.,1990,A Text Book of Modern Plant Pathology.Vikas Publishing

House,New Delhi.

2. Vijendra,L.D.,1998,Plant breeding,Newage International Ltd,Delhi

3. Kumar, N., 1999, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagar koil.

REFERENCES: 1. Mundkur,B.B.,1949,Fungi & Plant Disease, Mac Millan & Co.London.

2. Singh, R.S.,1998, Plant Diseases, Oxford, IBH.

3. Bilgrami, K.S and Dube. H.C., 1990 A Text book of Plant Pathology, Vikas Publications,

New Delhi.

4. Arora, J. S,, 1992, Introductory ornamental Horticulture, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.

5. Prasad., 2005, Principles of Horticulture, International Book Dist., Dehra Dun.

III B.Sc., SEMESTER V Hours 5

Credit 5

Code 11K5BELB1

Marks 25+75=100

MAJOR BASED EC I

`BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Definition, History, Scope and importance of Biotechnology. Future perspective in

biotechnology

UNIT II

Tissue culture Techniques –Concept of Totipotency, Sterilization methods , Culture media

Preparation (MS Medium & Whites Medium) – Micro Propagation. Somatic embryogenesis,

Artificial seed production, Somoclonal variations (Advantages and limitations)

UNIT III

Single cell Protein (Spirullina, Agaricus),- Advantages and Nutritive value of SCP. Biogas

Production (Methanogenic bacteria), Bio ethanol (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Bio Butanol

(Clostridium acetobutylicum)

UNIT IV

Restriction enzymes , Vectors, Ligases – Plasmids Vectors (pBR322), Bacteriophages

Vectors, Cosmids Vectors. Methods of gene transfer techniques-transformation,

Electroporation, Microinjection, Lipofection, Particle bombardment.

UNIT V

Transgenic plants- Bt Cotton. GM crops- Resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases.

Herbicide resistance, Drought resistance. Production of Golden Rice.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Kumar, H.D.,1993, Text book of biotechnology, Vikas Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Gupta, P.K., 1998, Elements of Biotechnology, Rostagi.

3. Dubey, R.C., 2001, Fundamentals of Biotechnology, S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.

REFERENCE

1. Glover, DM., 1985, Gene cloning , Chapman and Hall, New York.

2. Old R W and Primrose S.B., 1994, Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell, Science Ltd.,

London.

3. Glover DM and BD Hames ., 1995, DNA Cloning I and II IRL Press.

4. Singh B.D., 1998, Biotechnology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

5. Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J., 1998, Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press, Washington.

IIIB.Sc. SEMESTER V

NME II

BIOFERTILIZERS

UNIT I: The soil as the natural medium – soil microflora – factors influencing soil microflora – role of

microbes in soil fertility – Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere microbes.

UNIT II: Organic fertilizer – (Panchakavya, Green manuring) – definition – classification – N2 fixers –

phosphate solubilizer – carbon decomposers – Importance of microbial fertilizers – Brief

account on vermicomposting.

UNIT III: Isolation - mass inoculum production – field application and marketing of the following:

Symbiotic N2 fixers: Rhizobium

Non-symbiotic N2 fixers: Azotobacter

Associative N2 fixers: Azospirillum Bacillus megaterium sps.

UNIT IV: Isolation - mass inoculum production – field application and marketing of Blue green algae

(BGA) – role of Anabaena, Nostoc in rice cultivation.

UNIT V: Actinomycetes: Frankia - isolation - mass inoculum production – field application and

marketing. Fungus: Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer - isolation - mass inoculum production – field

application and marketing of VAM.

TEXT BOOKS: 1.Bagyaraj,D.J.,&Rangasamy A.,2005,Agricultural Microbilogy- Tata McGraw

Hill.,NewDelhi.

2.Kumaresan ,V.,2005,Biotechnology-Saras Publication ,Tamilnadu.

REFERENCES:

1. Subba Rao, N.S.,1995, Soil and Agricultural Microbiology, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.,

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Subba Rao, N.S.,1995, Biofertlizers, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Dubey.R.C.,& Maheshwari,D.K.,2004,A Text Book of Microbilogy.S.Chand &

CompanyLtd., New Delhi.

Hours 2

Credit 2

Code 11K5BEL02

Marks 25+75=100

III B.Sc., SEMESTER V

CORE COURSE X

PRACTICALS I (FOR CORE COURSE VIII & IX)

TAXONOMY & ECONOMIC BOTANY:

Training in dissection, observation, identification and sketching of floral parts of plants

belonging to the families mentioned in the syllabus along with floral diagrams and floral

formula. Field study of flora. Submission of 25 herbarium specimens. Economic plants

covered in theory part in Taxonomy and Economic Botany section and their importance.

PLANT PATHOLOGY :

Organisms and causal factors for plant diseases

a. Mycoplasma - Little leaf of Brinjal.

b. Virus - TMV.

c. Bacteria - Citrus canker.

d. Fungi - Red rot of Sugarcane

HORTICULTURE AND PLANT BREEDING:

• Study of tools and implements used in horticulture and plant propagation.

• Gardens layout-formal, informal, kitchen and rock.

• Plant propagation methods- cutting, layering, grafting and budding.

• Hybridization techniques- emasculation, Bagging.

Hours 6 (3+3)

Credit 5

Code 11K6B10P

Marks 40+60=100

III B.Sc., SEMESTER VI

Hours 7

Credit 5

Code 11K6B12

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - XII

BIOPHYSICS, BIOCHEMISTRY & PLANT PHYSIOLOGY,

UNIT-I: BIOPHYSICS

Physical forces and chemical bonds, light diffraction, biological effect of ionizing radiations

basic principles of spectroscopy-laws of thermodynamics and entropy –electron transfer

processes.

UNIT- II BIOCHEMISTRY

Physical chemical forces acting on the living body- Definition of pH-its determination-

Buffers and electrolytes and their functions - chromatography, centrifugation. Structure of

carbohydrates (starch, cellulose), lipids (tri-glycerides, fats), Proteins (primary, secondary

and tertiary structure). Enzymes - Nature and properties, mechanism of enzyme action,

inhibitors, factors affecting enzyme action.

UNIT: III PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Water- Physical and chemical properties. Absorption of water-, Osmotic and Non-osmotic

uptake of water. Ascent of sap- vital theory, Cohesion theory, Root pressure. Transpiration –

Physiology of stomatal action, factors affecting, guttation Mineral nutrition - Role of major

and minor elements, mineral deficiency symptoms. Absorption and translocation of mineral

salts and organic solutes – Active and passive absorption.

UNIT -IV Photosynthesis –Chloroplast radiant energy, solar absorption & action spectrum, role of

pigments and enhancement effect, photophosphorylation, electron transport, Calvin cycle

Hatch &Slack pathway & CAM cycle.

Respiration – Respiratory substrates, aerobic and anaerobic, Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle,

Electron transport cycle system, oxidative phosphorylation, energetics of glucose,

Photorespiration.

UNIT- V

Plant growth and plant growth regulators- Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Abscissic acid and

Ethylene. Physiology of flowering, short day and long day plants, significance of

photoperiodism, phytochrome, vernalization, senescence.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pandey,S.N.,& Sinha.,1972,Plant Physilogy,Vikas Publishing, New Delhi.

2. Jain,J.L.,1979,Fundamentals of Biochemistry,S.Chand & Co.,Ltd.,New Delhi.

3. Salil Bose ,L.,1981,Elementary Biophysics,Vijaya Printers,Chennai.

4. Thiravia Raj,S.,1999, Biophysics, Saras Publication , Tamil Nadu.

REFERENCES 1. Casey,E.J.,1969,Biophysics concepts and mechanisms,East and West Press,New Delhi.

2. Noggle, G.R. and Fritz, G.J., 1976, Introductory Plant Physiology, Prentaice-Hall, India.

3. Devlin, R.M., 1974, Plant Physiology, Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd.,

4. Lehninger, A.L., 1987, Biochemistry, CBS Pub

5. Salisbury, F.B. & Ross, CN., 1995. Plant Physiology, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Zuley G.L., 1998, Biochemistry, Wm.C. Brown Publishers USA.

7. Jeoffrey M Cooper., 2002, The Cell: A molecular approach.

8. Stryer, L., 2002, Biochemistry, W.H. Freerman & Co., 5 edn.

9. Mathews C.K et al., 2005, Biochemistry, Pearson Education, Singapore.

III B.Sc., SEMESTER VI

CORE COURSE XIII

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT I:

Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross, Test Cross, Back Cross, Incomplete dominance, Gene

interaction(Complementary, Supplementary, Duplicate and Inhibitory).

UNIT II:

Linkages and Crossing Over, Multiple alleles - Blood groups in man, Polyploidy,

Chromosomal aberrations and Sex determination.

UNIT III:

Structure of DNA and Types of DNA, DNA as genetic material experimental proof – Grifth

experiment – gene concept – Cistron, Recon, Muton . Mutation-Types of mutation (Gene

mutation and Chromosomal mutation.

UNIT IV:

Structure and Types of RNA –Genetic code – Transcription and Translation – Regulation of

gene expression – Operon model.

UNIT V:

RAPD (Random amplifier Polymorphic DNA) , RFLP (Random Amplified fragment Length

polymorphism), Blotting technique (Southern, Western blotting)- PCR.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Freifelder, D.,1986,Molecular Biology. Jones and Bardett Publishing INC. Boston, Portola

Valley.

2. Old R.N and Primrose S.B., 1989, Principles of gene manipulation 3rd edition publishers

Business service.

3. Jogdand, S.N., 1997, Gene biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

4. Bernard R Glick & Jack J Pasternak., 2001, Molecular Biotechnology, Principles and

applications of recombinant DNA, (2nd

Edition), ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

REFERENCES : 1. Gardner, E.J., 1972, Principles of genetics - John Wiley and sons, N.Y.

2. Rothwell, N.V.,1983, Genetics - Oxford University Press, U.K.

3. James D Watson et al., 1992, Recombinant DNA(2nd

Edition), WH Freeman and Co.,

New York.

4. De Roberties, E.D.P. and De Roberties, E.M.F.,1995, cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edn.

B.I.Waverly Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Elliot,D.L.& Jones,E.W., 2001,Genetics:Analysis of genes and genomes (Fifth edition), Jones

and Barlett Publishers, Sdbury, Massachustts.

6. Old, RW & Primrose, SB. 2001. Principles of Gene Manipulation an introduction to genetic

engineering, Black Well Science Ltd., New York.

Hours 7

Credit 5

Code 11K6B13

Marks 25+75=100

III B.Sc., SEMESTER VI

MAJOR BASED EC II

BIOSTATISTICS & BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT I: BIOSTATISTICS

Collection of Data, Classification, Tabulation and graphic representation, Frequency

distribution ( without class intervals, with class intervals.)

UNIT:II

Measures of Central tendency-Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation and Standard Error.

Merits and demerits Central tendency and deviation.

UNIT I11:

Computer concepts-Structural organization of Computer- computer applications in Biology.

Bioinformatics and its applications.

UNIT IV:

Biological databases ,Nucleic acid data base- EMBL,Gene bank and DDBJ, Protein sequence

data base-PIR,MIPS,SWISS-PROT.

UNIT V: Internet basics-www. Virtual library- On line journals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Ragava Rao, D., 1983, Statistical Techniques in Agricultural and Biological Research,

Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

2. Attwood,T.K.,and Parry Smith,D.J.,1999,Introduction to Bioinformatics ,Addison Wesely

congman Ltd.,England.

REFERENCES:

1. Daniel, W.W., 1983, Biostatistics – A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Science,

John.Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.

2. Balagurusamy, E.,1985,Programming in BASICS,Tata McGraw Hill Publication

Co.,Ltd.,New Delhi.

Hours 4

Credit 4

Code 11K6BELB3

Marks 25+75=100

III B.Sc., SEMESTER VI

Hours 5

Credit 5

Code 11K6BELB2

Marks 25+75=100

MAJOR BASED EC II

MEDICINAL BOTANY

UNIT I

History of Indian Systems of Medicine – Siddha, Ayurvedha, Unani, homeopathy. Definition

and scope of pharmacognosy. Importance of herbal drugs in Indian system of medicine.

Classification of drugs (Morphological, Chemical and Pharmacological).

UNIT II

Botanical description and active principle of Leaves (Coleus aromaticus, Gymnema

sylvestres), flowers (Cassia auriculata, Hybiscus rosasinensis), Fruits (Solanum suratlense,

Piper longum), Seeds (Gloriosa superba, Plantago ovate).

UNIT III

Botanical description and active principle of root drug ( Rauvolfia, Hemidesmus) rhizome

(Acorus calamus, Asperagus racemosus) and bark (Cinchona, Azadiractita indica)

UNIT IV

Adulteration of crude drugs, types of adulterants. Drug evaluation- Morphological

evaluation, Microscopical evaluation, Physical evaluation and Chemical Evaluation.

UNIT V

Cultivation of medicinal plants: Collection, harvesting, processing and storage of drugs.

Isolation and purification of bioactive compounds by chromatography (HPLC, TLC, Column

chromatography.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Kumar N.C., 1993, An Introduction to medical Botany and Pharmacognosy,

Em.Kay.Publication, Jodhpur.

2. Srivastava A.K., 2006, Medicinal Plants, International book Distributors, Dehradun.

REFERENCES:

1. Kapoor, L.D., 1990, Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. CRC Press, New York, USA.

2. Jain,S.K.,1995,Enthnobotany,Scientific Publishers,Jodhpur.

3. Wallis, T.E., 1997, Text Book of Pharmacognosy,New Delhi.

4. Trease,G.E & Evans,W.C., 2000,Pharmacognosy,English Language Books,Society Baelliere

Tindail.

5. Handa,S.S& Kapoor,V.K.,2002,Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakash Publishers,New Delhi.

6. Kokate, C.K., Purohit, A.P and Gokhalae, S.B.,2005, Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakasam, Pune.

7. Trivedi, P.C., 2006, Herbal Medicine, Aavishkar Publishers,Jaipur,India.

III B.Sc., SEMESTER VI

PRACTICALS - II (FOR CORE COURSE XII & XIII)

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY:

1. Determination of osmotic pressure of (Onion / Rheo leaf )

2. Effect of light intensity on transpiration using Ganong’s photometer

3. Determination of absorption of transpiration ratio of twigs

4. Measurement of respiration rate using germinating seeds and flower buds with simple

Respiroscope

5. Separation of plant pigments by paper chromatography

6. Determination of photosynthetic rate in water plants under different Co2 concentrations.

7. Measurement of oxygen evolution under different colored lights using Wilmott’s bubbler.

BIOCHEMISTRY:

1. Estimation of sugar.

2. Estimation of amino acids.

3. Estimation of lipids

BIOPHYSICS:

Structure and function of colorimeter

Structure and function of pH meter

Structure and function of spectrophotometer

Structure and function of Centrifuge.

GENETICS:

Problems on Monohybrid and Dihybrid ratio.Test cross,Back cross. Problems on gene

interaction(Complementary, Supplementary, Duplicate and Inhibitory.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:

Structure of DNA

Structure of RNA

Lac Operon.

Hours 3+3=6

Credit 5

Code 11K6B11P

Marks 40+60=100