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DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND MICROBIOLOGY

SYLLABUS FOR BOTANY

Approved in Board of Studies meeting

convened on 15-04-2017

for the Academic Year 2017-2018

Pithapur Rajahs Government College

(Autonomous NAAC Re – accredited with B - 2.78 CGPA)

KAKINADA – 533 001, E.G.Dt., Andhra Pradesh

PITHAPUR RAJAHS GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

KAKINADA, E.G.DT. ANDHRA PRADESH

Department of Botany and Microbiology

The Board of Studies meeting for Botany subject during the academic year 2017-2018 is

conducted at the Dept. of Botany and Microbiology on 15-04-2017 at 10.00 AM with

Dr. A. Srinivasa Rao, Lecturer in- Charge in the chair along with the following members.

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Name, designation and address Signature

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1. Chair Person :

DR. A. Srinivasa Rao, Lecturer in-Charge Dept. of Botany and Microbiology P.R.G.C.(A), Kakinada

2. AdiKavi Nannyya University Nominee :

Dr. S. V. Ranga Rao, Lecturer in Botany Dept. of Botany, S.M.B.T.A.V & S.N.Degree College, Veeravasaram, West Godavari District

3. Members nominated by Executive council of the College :

a. Member from Research Organisation: Smt. P. Swathi, Assistant Director Biological Control Laboratory

Dept. of Agriculture, Near RTO office, Kakinada b. Subject Expert :

Ms. K.N.V.S.N.Eswari, Lecturer in Botany Dept. of Botany, Govt. Degree College Pithapuram, E.G.Dt.

c. Alumni member :

Sri A.R.K.Sastry, Former Joint Director Botanical Survey of India Kolkata, West Bengal St. R/o Kakinada, E.G.Dt. 4. Members from the College :

a. Faculty member :

Ms. B. Raja Rajeswari , Contract Faculty in Botany Dept. of Botany, P.R.G.C. (A), Kakinada b. Student members :

i.

ii.

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C.B.C.S. pattern effective from 2014-2015 Academic Year

Botany Model Blue Print for the Question paper and choice

for I year (w.e.f.2017-18 Academic Year)

S.No.

Type of Questions

To be given in the Question paper

To be answered

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1 SECTION - A Very Short Answer Questions

05 01 05 05 01 05

2 SECTION - B Short Answer Questions

08 03 24 05 03 15

3 SECTION - C Essay Questions (Either- or)

10 08 80 05 08 40

Total questions & Total marks = 23 - 109 15 - 60

109 - 60 49

Percentage of choice given = ------------ x 100 = ------ x 100 = 44.95%

109 109

I B.Sc., – Botany / I Semester End (W.E.F. 2017-2018) Microbial diversity, Algae & Fungi (Course : BO1207)

Total Hrs. of Teaching-Learning: 60 @ 4 h / Week Total Credits : 03

Module -1 Origin and Evolution of Life, Microbial diversity (12hrs)

a. Discovery of microorganisms, origin of life, spontaneous, biogenesis, b. Pasteur experiments, germ theory of disease. c. Classification of microorganisms – R.H. Whittaker’s five kingdom concept. d. Brief account of special groups of bacteria- Archaebacteria, Mycoplasma,

Chlamydia, Actinomycetes. e. Cyanobacteria : Systematic position, structure and reproduction of Nostoc and

Oscillatoria. Economic importance as SCP and Biofertilizers . Module -2 Viruses (12hrs)

a. Viruses - Discovery, general account, structure and multiplication of –T4 Phage (Lytic, Lysogenic) and TMV, Viroids.

b. A brief account of plant diseases caused by viruses – Symptoms, transmission and control measures.

c. Viral diseases : Tobacco Mosaic, Bhendi Vein clearing and Papaya leaf curl.

Module -3 Bacteria (12hrs)

a. Bacteria - Discovery, General characteristics, cell structure and nutrition b. Reproduction- Asexual and bacterial recombination (Conjugation,

Transformation, Transduction). c. Economic importance of Bacteria.

Module -3Algae (12hrs)

a. Algae : Introduction, general characters (Pigments, reserve food material, flagella type); Fritsch classification up to classes.

b. A general account of thallus organization, reproduction and life cycles in Algae. c. Economic importance of algae : Food, fodder and feed; phycocolloids, seawage

disposal and Harmful algae. d. Systematic position, structure, reproduction and life history of following genera :

i. Chlorophyceae : Oedogonium and Fritschiella ii. Phaeophyceae : Ectocarpus

iii. Rhodophyceae : Polysiphonia

Module-4 Fungi & Lichens (12hrs)

a. Fungi: Introduction, general characters, Ainsworth classification (outlines) and economic importance.

b. Systematic position, structure, reproduction and life history of following genera : i. Zygomycota : Rhizopus

ii. Ascomycota : Penicillium

iii. Basidiomycota : Puccinia

c. Major famines of the world due to fungal pathogens – Irish, Bengal and Srilanka d. Lichens : Introduction, thallus structure and reproduction; ecological and

economic importance.

P.R.Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada

I year B.Sc., Program Examinations at I Semester End Botany 1A : Microbial diversity, algae & fungi

(Course : BO1207 Model paper w.e.f. 2017-2018)

Time : 2 ½ Hrs. Max. Marks : 60

Section –A 5X1 = 5 M

Answer all the following questions, diagrams are not needed

1. Heterocyst 2. Viroid 3. Mesosome 4. Cap cell 5. Metula

Section – B 5x3 = 15 M

Answer any five of the following questions; draw diagrams wherever necessary

6. Actinomycetes 7. Tobacco Mosaic Virus 8. Binary fission in Bacteria 9. Chemoautotrophs 10. Pigments in Algae 11. Fritschiella

12. Coffee rust 13. Economic importance of Lichens

Section – C 5x8 = 40 M

Answer five questions, choosing one question from each set. Draw neat and labeled

diagrams wherever necessary.

14. (a) Give an account on Origin of life.

(OR) (b) Enumerate the evidences of organic evolution.

15. (a) Discuss about Transmission of virus.

(OR) (b) Write an essay on the multiplication of Virus.

16. (a) Discuss different modes of nutrition in Bacteria. (OR)

(b) Write an essay on economic importance of bacteria.

17. (a) Discuss about the range of thallus structure in algae. (OR)

(b) Describe the life cycle of Ectocarpus with diagrams.

18. (a) Describe the life cycle of Puccinia . (OR)

(b) Give a brief account of thallus structure and reproduction in Lichens.

Course BO1207 : Microbial diversity, Algae and Fungi

Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 60 Time : 2½ Hrs.

Module No. / Title Very Short

Answer Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions

Marks allotted

to the Module

Module-1/ Origin and Evolution of Life, Microbial diversity

1 1 2 20

Module- 2 / Viruses 1 1 2 20

Module – 3/ Bacteria 1 2 2

23

Module- 3 / Algae 1 2 2

23

Module – 4 / Fungi & Lichens 1 2 2

23

Total marks allotted to all questions including choice = 109

Note : Question paper setters are requested to adhere strictly to the above blue print while preparing the said paper

I B.Sc., Botany I Semester Practical Syllabus (Microbial diversity, Algae and Fungi)

Botany Practical Paper - I (BO1207P) model (w.e.f. 2017-2018)

1. Knowledge of equipment used in Microbiology: Spirit lamp, Inoculation loop,

Hot-air oven, Autoclave/Pressure cooker, laminar air flow chamber and Incubator.

2. Preparation of liquid and solid media for culturing of microbes (Demonstration).

3. Study of viruses and bacteria using electron photo micrographs (TMV, Bacteriophage,

HIV, Cocci, Bacillus, Spirillum bacteria)

4. Gram staining technique.

5. Study of Plant disease symptoms caused by Bacteria (Citrus canker, leaf blight of rice,

Angular leaf spot of Cotton).

6. Study of Plant disease symptoms caused by viruses (TMV, Bhendi vein clearing and Leaf curl of Papaya),

7. Study of Plant disease symptoms caused by Fungi (Late blight of potato, Red rot of Sugarcane and Paddy blast).

8. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following : a) Cyanobacteria: Nostoc and Scytonema. b) Algae: Oedogonium, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, c) Fungi: Rhizopus, Penicillium and Puccinia .

9. Study of plant material infected by Fungi (Rot of tomatoes, blue and green molds of Citrus fruits and wheat rust(Section cutting of diseased parts of Wheat and Barberry - identification of different spores).

10. Lichens: Morphology and of anatomy of different thalli. 11. Field Visit.

I B.Sc., Botany Practical examinations at the end of I Semester (Microbial diversity, Algae and Fungi)


Time : 2 hours Max.Marks: 50

1. Identify any three algal members from the given algal mixture ‘A’ 3x4= 12 M

Scheme for valuation: Identification -1mark+ Diagram-1 marks + Reasons-2 marks

2. Take T.S of given material ‘B’ (Fungal disease) prepare slide, draw diagram and

specify the identification characters. 12 M

Scheme for valuation: Section cutting & slide preparation – 4 marks + Identification – 2mark + Labeled diagram – 3 marks + Reasons – 3 marks.

3. Scientific observation of the given specimens 4x3= 12 M

C: Microphotograph of Virus

D: Gram staining technique

E: Algae specimen/Slide

F: Fungi specimen/Slide

Scheme of valuation : Identification – 1 mark + Diagram-1 mark + Reasons - 1

mark

4. Write critical notes on given slides/photographs of interest: 3x2= 06 M

G: Cyanobacterium

H: Viral disease specimen

I: Bacterial disease specimen

Scheme of valuation: Identification – 1 mark + Notes – 1 mark

5. Record + Viva voce 5+3 = 08 M

I B.Sc., – Botany / II Semester End (W.E.F. 2017-2018) Diversity of Archegoniates and Plant anatomy (Course : BO2207)

Total Hrs. of Teaching-Learning: 60 @ 4 h / Week Total Credits : 03

Module -1 Bryophyta (12h)

a. Introduction, general characters, classification up to classes.

b. Systematic position, Structure, reproduction and life history of following genera (Developmental stages are not required):

i. Hepaticopsida : Marchantia ii. Bryopsida : Polytrichum

c. Evolution of gametophyte and sporophyte in Bryophytes. d. Economic and biological importance of Bryophytes

Module -2 Pteridophyta (12h)

a. Introduction, general characters, classification up to classes. b. Rhynia-Morphology & anatomy

c. Systematic position,structure,reproduction and life history of following genera (Developmental stages are not required):

i. Lycopsida : Lycopodium ii. Pteropsida : Marsilea

d. Stelar evolution in Pteridophytes

e. Heterospory and seed habit in Pteridophytes.

Module-3 Gymnosperms (12h)

a. Introduction, general characters, structure, reproduction and classification. b. A general account of Bennettitales – Williamsoniaceae, Wielandiellaceae and

Cycadeoidaceae c. Systematic position, structure, reproduction and life history of following genera

(Developmental stages are not required): i. Coniferopsida : Pinus

ii. Gnetopsida : Gnetum

d. Economic importance of Gymnosperms

e. Endangered Gymnosperms

Module-4 Tissues & Tissue systems (12h)

a. Meristems : Introduction, characteristics and classification. b. Histological organization of shoot and root apices in different plant groups. c. Apical cell theory, histogen theory and Tunica-Corpus theory. d. Tissues: Introduction, Simple (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma),

complex (Xylem and Phloem) and special (Laticifers, glandular and digestive glands, hydathodes).

e. Tissue Systems : Epidermal, ground and vascular

Module-5 Secondary growth in stem and wood structure (12h)

a. Anamalous secondary growth in Stem (Boerhaavia, Bignonia and Dracaena) and Root (Beta)

b. Botanical name, family, general characters of the wood and identification characters of : Teak (Tectona grandis), Rosewood, (Dalbergia latefolia), Red sanders, (Pterocarpus santalinus), Yegisa (Pterocarpus marsupiun) and Neem (Azadirachta indica).

P.R.Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada I year B.Sc., Program Examinations at II Semester End Botany Paper –I B : Archegoniates and Palaeobotany

(Course : BO2207 Model paper w.e.f. 2014-2015) Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70


Answer all questions , diagrams are not needed.

1. Gemmae 2. Sorophore 3. Bars of Sanio 4. Meristem 5. Cupule


Answer any Five of the following questions; draw diagrams wherever necessary.

1. Economic importance of Bryophytes 2. Morphology of Funaria

3. Heterospory in Pteridophytes 4. Morphology of Marselia 5. Gnetum ovule 6. General characters of Gymnosperms 7. Epidermal tissue system 8. Economic importance of rose wood

Section – C 5x08 = 40M

Answer Five questions, choosing at least one question from each set. Draw neat and

labeled diagrams wherever necessary.

9. (a) Describe the evolution of sporophyte in Bryophytes. (OR)

(b) Describe the sexual reproduction in Marchantia with labeled diagrams

10. (a) Write an essay on stelar evolution in Pteridophytes (OR)

(b) Describe the anatomy of rhizome in Marselia. .

11. (a) Write an essay on the general characters of Gymnosperms. (OR)

(b) Describe the male and female cones of Pinus with labeled diagrams.

12. (a) Describe different theories on histological organization of shoot apical meristem.

(OR) (b) Write an essay on structure of Xylem and add a note on its functions. 13. (a) Describe the structure of teak wood.

(OR) (b) Write an essay on anomalous secondary growth in Boerhaavia.

Botany Paper I B (Course-2207) : Archegoniates and Paleobotany Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 60 Time : 2½ Hrs.

Module No. / Title Very Short

Answer Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions

Marks allotted

to the Module

Module-1/ Bryophyta 1 2 2 20

Module- 2 / Pteridopyta 1 2 2 20

Module – 3/ Gymnosperms 1 2 2

23

Module- 4 / Tissues & Tissue systems

1 1 2

23

Module – 5 / Secondary growth in

stem and wood

structure

1 1 2

23



I B.Sc., Botany II Semester Practical Syllabus (Archegoniates and Plant anatomy)


1. Morphology (vegetative and reproductive structures), anatomy of the following :

. a. Bryophytes : Marchantia and Funaria, b. Pteridophytes : Lycopodium and Marselia c. Gymnosperms : Pinus and Gnetum

2. Demonstration of double staining technique. 3. Tissue organization in root and shoot apices using permanent slides 4. Anomalous secondary structure of

a. Achyranthes b. Boerhavia c. Dracaena.

5. Anatomical study of wood (Teak and Rose wood) in T.S., T.L.S. and R.L.S. 6. Botanical field visits / visit to local timber depots.

I B.Sc., Botany Practical examinations at the end of I Semester (Archegoniates and Plant anatomy)


Time : 2 hours Max.Marks: 50

1. Take T.S of given material ‘A’ (Pteridophyte) prepare slide, draw diagram and



2. Take T.S of given material ‘B’ (Gymnosperm) prepare slide, draw diagram and



3. Take T.S of given material ‘C’ ( Anomalous Secondary growth) prepare slide, draw

diagram and specify the identification characters. 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Section cutting & slide preparation – 3 marks +

Identification – 1mark + Labeled diagram – 2 marks + Reasons – 2 marks

4. Scientific observation of the given specimens 4x3= 12 M

D: Bryophyte specimen/slide

E: Bryophyte specimen/slide

F: Pteridophyte specimen/slide

G: Gymnosperm specimen/slide

Scheme of valuation : Identification – 1 mark + Diagram-1 mark + Reasons - 1

marks

5. Write critical notes on given slides/photographs of interest: 3x2= 06 M

G: Bryophyte specimen/slide

H: Bryophyte specimen/slide

I: Wood anatomy specimen/slide

Scheme of valuation: Identification – 1 mark + Notes – 1 mark

6. Record + Viva voce 5+3 = 08 M

Text Books for Botany course – BO1107 (I A) & BO2207 (I B)

A text book for BOTANY – I : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Botany course – BO1107 (I A) & BO2207 (I B)

Pandey, B. P. (2001) College Botany, Vol. I: Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bacteria, Viruses, Plant

Pathology, Industrial Microbiology and Bryophyta. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.

Pandey, B. P. (2006) College Botany, Vol. II: Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany. S.

Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.

Gangulee, H.R. & A.K. Kar (2010) College Botany (Vol.II). New Central Book agency (P),Ltd.,

Kolkata

Reference Books for Botany course – BO1107 (I A) & BO2207 (I B)

Bold, H.C. & M. J. Wynne (1984) Introduction to the Algae, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey

Robert Edward Lee (2008) Phycology. Cambridge University Press, New York

Van Den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann & H. M. Jahns (1996) Algae : An Introduction to Phycology.

Cambridge University Press, New York

Mehrotra, R.S. & K. R. Aneja (1990) An Introduction to Mycology. New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi

Kevin Kavanagh (2005) Fungi ; Biology and Applications John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,West Sussex,

England

John Webster & R. W. S. Weber (2007) Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press, New

York

Shaw, A. J. & B. Goffinet (2000) Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge University Press, New York

O. P. Sharma (2012) Pteridophyta. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi

Kramer, K.U. & P. S. Green (1990) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume –I

Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms (Ed.K.Kubitzki) Springe-Verlag, New York

Bhatnagar, S.P. & Alok Moitra (1996) Gymnosperms. New Age International, New Delhi

Sporne, K.R. (1971) The Morphology of Gymnosperms. Hutchinsons Co. Ltd., London

Coulter, J.M. & C. J. Chamberlain (1910) Morphology of Gymnosperms, The University of

Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois

Govil, C.M. (2007) Gymnosperms : Extinct and Extant. KRISHNA Prakashan Media (P)

Ltd.Meerut & Delhi

Esau, K. (1971) Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley and Son, USA.

Fahn, A. (1990) Plant Anatomy, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Cutler, D.F., T. Botha & D. Wm. Stevenson (2008) Plant Anatomy : An Applied Approach, Wiley,

USA.

II B.Sc., – Botany / III Semester End (W.E.F. 2015-2016)

Plant Anatomy and Embryology of angiosperms(Course :BO3207) Total Hrs. of Teaching: 52 @ 4 h / Week Total Credits : 03

Module -1Tissues & Tissue systems (13h)

a. Meristems : Introduction, characters and classification. b. Histological organization of shoot and root apices in different plant groups. c. Apical cell theory, histogen theory and Tunica-Corpus theory. d. Tissues: Introduction, Simple (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma), complex

(Xylem and Phloem) and special (Laticifers, glandular and digestive glands, hydathodes). e. Tissue Systems : Epidermal, ground and vascular

Module-2 Organ Anatomy & Wood structure (15h)

a. Internal structure of root, stem and leaf in Dicotyledons.

b. Internal structure of root, stem and leaf in Monocotyledons.

c. Normal Secondary growth in stem of Pongamia.

d. Nodal anatomy

e. Anamalous secondary growth in Stem (Boerhaavia, Bignonia and Dracaena) and Root (Beta)

f. Botanical name, family, general characters of the wood and identification characters of :

Teak (Tectona grandis), Rosewood, (Dalbergia latefolia), Red sanders, (Pterocarpus

santalinus), Yegisa (Pterocarpus marsupiun) and Neem (Azadirachta indica).

Module-3 Microsporogenesis & Megasporogenesis (12h)

a. Embryology : Introduction, history and importance. b. Development and structure of anther, Microsporogenesis and development of male

gametophyte. c. Ovule (Megasporangium) types and structure d. Megasporogenesis; development of female gametophyte e. Types of embryo sacs : Monosporic (Polygonum, Oenothera), Bisporic (Allium, Endymion)

and Tetrasporic (Peperomia, Drusa and Plumbagella types)

Module-4 Pollination, fertilization & Embryogeny (12h)

a. Types of Pollination, Pollen - pistil interaction. b. Fertilization in Angiosperms. c. Endosperm types : Nuclear, helobial and cellular. d. Embryogeny : Dicot (Crucifer type - Capsella) and Monocot (Sagittaria) e. Polyembryony and Apomixis f. Palynology: Principles and applications; morphological description of pollen in Hibiscus

and Catharanthus

g. Embryology in relation to taxonomy

P.R. Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada II year B.Sc., Program Examinations at III Semester End

Botany Paper–II A: Plant Anatomy and Embryology of angiosperms (BO3207 Model Paper w.e.f. 2015-2016)

Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70


Answer all questions , diagrams are not needed

1. Aerenchyma

2. Medullary bundles

3. Circinotropous ovule

4. Apomixis

5. Meristem


Answer any five of the following questions; draw diagrams wherever necessary.

6. Stomata

7. Collenchyma

8. Anomolous growth in root of Beta

9. Annual rings

10. Male gametophyte

11. Bisporic embryosac in Allium

12. Types of pollination

13. Applications of Palynology


Answer four questions, choosing at least one question from each set. Draw neat and labeled


14. (a) What is apical meristem? Elucidate various theories regarding the shoot apex.

(OR)

(b) Define complex tissue. Describe the structure and functions of Xylem tissue.

15. (a) Describe the anomalous secondary growth in the stem of Dracaena.

(OR)

(b) Describe the characters of wood in Tectona grandis with suitable diagram and

mention its uses.

16. (a) Give an account of the structure of microsporangium and add a note on different

types of microspore tetrads

(OR)

(b) Write in brief about different types of tetrasporic embryo sacs you have studied.

17. (a) Give an account of Dicot embryo development.

(OR)

(b) Describe the process of development of endosperm in angiosperms.

Paper –II A : Plant Anatomy and Embryology of angiosperms Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 75 Time : 3 Hrs. Module No./ Title Very Short

Answer Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions

Marks allotted to the

Unit/Chapter

Module- 1 1/ Tissues & Tissue systems

1 2 2 30

Module- 2 2/ Organ Anatomy & Wood structure

1 2 2 30

Module- 3 3/ Microsporogenesis & Megasporogenesis

1 2 2

30

Module- 4

4/ Pollination, fertilization & Embryogeny

1 2

2

30

Any of the above Modules (i.e., 1-4)

Module 1-4 1 - - 2

Total No. of Questions including choice (19)

5 8 8 -


Note : Question paper setters are requested to adhere strictly to the above blue print while preparing the said paper.

II B.Sc., –Botany / IV Semester End (W.E.F. 2015-2016)

Taxonomy of angiosperms and Medicinal Botany (Course:BO4207) Total Hrs. of Teaching: 52 @ 4 h / Week Total Credits : 03

Module -1 Basic concepts of Plant Taxonomy (10h)

a. Plant taxonomy : Introduction, Principles of Plant Systematics, Systematics vs Taxonomy b. Bentham & Hooker system of classification

c. Nomenclature and Taxonomic resources: An introduction to ICBN; a brief account of Vienna code -2006.

d. Current concepts in Angiosperm Taxonomy: Cytotaxonomy, Chemotaxonomy and Numerical Taxonomy.

e. Herbarium : Introduction, collection of specimens, preparation, preservation and importance of herbarium. Herbaria of National (BSI) and International (KEW) importance.

Module-2Systematics of Some Plant Families (16h)

a. An introduction to Angiospermic Phylogenetic Group IV (APG IV-2016)

b. Systematic study and economic importance of plants belong to the following families:

i.Polypetalous : Annonaceae, Brassicaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Apiaceae.

ii. Gamopetalous : Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae iii. Monochlamydeous : Amaranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae iv. Monocotyledonous : Orchidaceae and Poaceae

Module-3 Pharmacognosy (13h)

a. Pharmacognosy: Introduction and scope. b. Scientific name, family, morphology, active principle, useful part, medicinal properties and

uses, chemical structure of active principle of following : (i) Aswagandha (Withania somnifera), (ii) Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), (iii) Amla (Emblica officinalis), (iv) Nela Usiri (Phyllanthus amarus) (v) Jalabrahmi (Bacopa monnieri)

c. Adulteration of plant crude drugs and methods of identification - some examples. Indian

Pharmacopoeia.

d. Plant crude drugs : Types, collection, process and storage.

e. Evaluation of crude drugs.

Module-4 Medicinal Systems in India (13h)

a. Ethnomedicine: Scope, interdisciplinary nature, distinction of Ethnomedicine from Folklore medicine.

b. Traditional medicinal systems: Ayurveda and Homeopathy c. Introduction and role of National Institutes : AYUSH, NMPB, CIMAP and CDRI. d. Scientific name, family, useful part, medicinal uses, main herbal chemicals of :

(i) Tippateega (Tinospora cordifolia), (ii) Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum ), (iii) Pippallu (Piper longum), (iv) Vepa (Azadhirachta indica), (v) Karaka (Terminalia chebula), (vi) Kalabanda (Aloe vera), (vii) Turmeric (Curcuma longa).

P.R.Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada II year B.Sc., Program Examinations at IV Semester End Botany

Paper –II B : Taxonomy of angiosperms and Medicinal Botany

(Course : BO4207 Model Paper w.e.f. 2015-2016) Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 75


Answer all questions, each in 2 or 3 sentences, diagrams are not needed

1. Artificial classification

2. Pollinia

3. Jalabrahmi

4. AYUSH

5. Numerical taxonomy


Answer any Five of the following questions; draw diagrams wherever necessary

6. Vienna code-2006

7. Flavanoids

8. Sexual organs of Annonaceae flower

9. Perianth in Orchidaceae flower

10. Adulteration of crude drugs

11. Indian pharmacopoeia

12. Distinction of Ethnomedicine from folklore medicine

13. Curcuma longa


Answer four questions, choosing at least one question from each set. Draw neat and labeled


14. (a) Write an essay on Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification, enumerate its

merits and Demerits. (OR) (b) Write an essay on concept, technique and importance of Herbarium in plant

taxonomy.

15. (a) Describe the distinguishing characters of the family Cucurbitaceae and mention

its economic importance. (OR)

(b) Describe the chief characters of the family Asteraceae and add a note on its

economic importance.

16. (a) Describe the active principle, structure, usage and pharmaceutical action of

Withania somnifera.

(OR)

(b) Explain the collection and processing of crude drugs .

17. (a) Describe the basic concepts and disease treatment method in Homeopathy.

(OR) (b) Give the botanical name, family, chemical constituents and medicinal importance of

Pippallu and Vepa.

Paper –II B : Taxonomy of angiosperms and Medicinal Botany Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 70 Time : 3 Hrs. Module No. / Title Very Short Answer

Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Module – 1 1/ Basic concepts of Plant Taxonomy

1 2 2 30

Module – 2

2/ Systematics of Some Plant Families

1 2 2 30

Module – 3

3/ Pharmacognosy 1 2

2

30

Module - 4

4/ Medicinal Systems in India

1 2

2

30

Any of the above Modules (i.e., 1-4) Module 1-4 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -


II B.Sc. – Botany / Semesters- III & IV / Paper-II Syllabus (W.E.F. 2015-2016)

Practical Course BO4207P: Anatomy, Embryology, Taxonomy and Medicinal Botany

(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 90 @ 3 h / Week in 30 Sessions)

Laboratory Exercises

1. Demonstration of double staining technique (Demonstration)

2. Tissue organization in root and shoot apices using permanent slides

3. Study of Anatomy of the following : Primary structure: Root - Cicer, Canna; Stem – Tridax, Sorghum

Secondary structure: Root – Tridax sp.; Stem –Pongamia Anomalous secondary structure: Examples as given in theory syllabus

4. Stomatal types using epidermal peels.

5. Microscopic study of wood in T.S., T.L.S. and R.L.S.

6. Structure of anther and microsporogenesis using permanent slides.

7. Structure of pollen grains using whole mounts (Catharanthus, Hibiscus, Acacia,

Grass).

8. Pollen viability test using in- vitro germination (Catharanthus).

9. Study of ovule types and developmental stages of embryosac.

10. Structure of endosperm (nuclear and cellular); Developmental stages of dicot and

monocot Embryos using permanent slides.

11. Systematic study of locally available plants belonging to the families prescribed in

theory syllabus (Minimum of one plant representative for each family)

12. Demonstration of herbarium techniques.

13. Local field visits to study the vegetation and flora.

14. Detailed morphological and anatomical study of medicinally important part(s) of

locally available plants (a minimum 10 plants) used in traditional medicine.

15. Field visits to identify and collect ethno medicinal plants used by local tribes/folklore.

16. Preparation and submission of 25 herbarium specimens for evaluation during the

practical examination.

II B.Sc., Botany Practical examinations at the end of IV Semester (Plant Anatomy, Embryology &Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Medicinal Botany)

Botany Practical Paper –II (BO4207P) model (w.e.f. 2015-2016)

Time : 3 hours Max.Marks:70

1. Describe the given specimen ‘A’ in technical terms, draw the labeled diagram of twig, L.S.

of flower and floral diagram. 10 M

Scheme of valuation : Vegetative characters – 2 marks+ Floral characters-3 marks+ Floral

formula -1mark + Systematic position -1 mark + Diagrams- 3 marks (Twig -1+ L.S. of

flower -1 + Floral diagram -1).

2. Take T.S of the given material ‘B’, stain and mount the section, draw labeled diagram,

identify with reasons. 10 M

Scheme of valuation: Section and slide preparation- 4 marks + Labeled diagram-3 marks +

Identification – 1 mark + Reasons – 2 marks.

3. Dissect the given material ‘C’, isolate embryo sac /endosperm and prepare a stained slide,

draw diagram. 10 M

Scheme of valuation : Dissection & slide preparation -3 marks + identification -1 mark +

labeled diagram – 2 mark and reasons – 2 marks.

4. Identify the given material ‘D & E’, write their scientific name, family, medicinally useful

part and its medicinal uses. 2 x 4 =8M

Scheme of valuation: Scientific name – 1 mark + Family – 1 mark + Useful part -1 mark +

medicinal uses – 1 mark.

5. Identify and write notes on 4 x 3 = 12M

F: Plant Anatomy

G: Embryology of Angiosperms

H: Taxonomy of Angiosperms

I: Medicinal Botany

Scheme of valuation: Identification – 1 mark + Reasons – 2 marks

6. Record + Herbarium + Field note book + Viva voce 10+3+2+5 = 20M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO3207 (II A) & BO4207 (II B)

A text book for BOTANY – II : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Course – BO3207 (II A) & BO4207 (II B)

Esau, K. (1971) Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley and Son, USA.

Fahn, A. (1990) Plant Anatomy, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Bhojwani, S. S. and S. P. Bhatnagar (2000) The Embryology of Angiosperms (4th Ed.), Vikas

Publishing House, Delhi.

Pandey, A. K. (2000) Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. CBS Publishers & Distributors

Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi

Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms I. K .International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

S.K.Mukharjee (2012) College Botany Volume-III (Angiosperms, Families of Angiosperms

Phytogeography and Tissue Culture) New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., London

Jain, S. K. and V. Mudgal. (1999) A Handbook of Ethnobotany. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal

Singh, Dehradun..

Joshi, S. G. (2000) Medicinal Plants. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

Reference Books for Botany course – BO3207 (II A) & BO4207 (II B)

Cutler, D.F., T. Botha & D. Wm. Stevenson (2008) Plant Anatomy : An Applied Approach, Wiley,

USA.

Paula Rudall (1987) Anatomy of Flowering Plants : An Introduction to Structure and

Development. Cambridge University Press, London

Maheswari, P. (1971) An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. McGraw Hill Book Co.,

London.

Johri, B.M. (2011) Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

Jeffrey, C. (1982) An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

London.

Lawrence, George H.M. (1951) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. The McMillan Co., New York

Heywood, V. H. and D. M. Moore (1984) Current Concepts in Plant Taxonomy. Academic Press,

London.

Lewis, W. H. and M. P. F. Elwin Lewis. (1976) Medical Botany. Plants Affecting Man’s Health.

A Wiley Inter science Publication. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

III B.Sc., – Botany / V Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Advanced Core (Course: BO5213)

Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity Total Hrs. of Teaching- learning: 40 @ 3h / Week Total Credits : 03

Module -1 Cell Biology (8h)

a. Ultra structure of plant cell wall

b. Ultra structure of nucleus

c. Polymorphic cell organelles (Plastids)

d. Morphology of Chromosomes, Euchromatin and Heterochromatin, Karyotype

e. Organization of DNA in a chromosome

f. Nucleic acids - Structure and replication of DNA; types and functions of RNA.

Module – 2 Genetics (12h) a. Mendel’s laws of inheritance

b. Complementary, supplementary, duplicate, epistatic and inhibitory gene interactions

c. A brief account of linkage and crossing over

d. Construction of genetic maps - 2 point and 3 point test cross data

e. Chromosomal aberrations - structural and numerical changes f. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes - Lac Operon

g. Mitochondrial DNA, plastid DNA and plasmids

Module - 3 Ecology (12h)

a. Plants and environment: Edaphic and biotic factors.

b. Ecological adaptations of plants

c. Population ecology: Natality, mortality, growth curves, ecotypes, ecads.

d. Community ecology: Frequency, density, cover, life forms, biological spectrum

e. Ecological succession : Hydrosere and Xerosere

f. Concepts of productivity: GPP, NPP and Community Respiration

Module - 4 Biodiversity (8h)

a. Basic concepts of Biodiversity; Convention on Biodiversity - Earth Summit. b. Types of biodiversity. c. Levels, threats and value of Biodiversity.

d. Hot spots of India : North Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats; Endemism e. Role of organizations (IUCN, UNEP, WWF, NBPGR, NBA) in the conservation of

Biodiversity. f. Vavilov centers of crop plants; Agro-biodiversity

P.R.Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at V Semester End

Botany Paper III : Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity (Course: BO5213 Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017)




1. Plasmodesmata

2. Linkage

3. Ecads

4. Red data book

5. Alleles



6. Differences between DNA and RNA

7. Nucleolus

8. Law of Segregation

9. Mitochondrial DNA

10. J –shaped growth curve

11. Morphological adaptations of Hydrophytes

12. Earth Summit

13. NBPGR


Answer four questions, choosing at least one question from each group. Draw neat and

labeled diagrams , wherever necessary.

14. (a) Describe the morphology, chemistry and ultra-structure of Cell wall.

(OR)

(b) Explain the process of DNA replication in Prokaryotes.

15. (a) Describe the Complementary and Duplicate gene interactions with suitable

examples.

(OR)

(b) Give an account of the lac operon model for gene expression.

16. (a) Describe the effects of biotic factors on vegetation.

(OR)

(b) Discuss the different characteristics shown by plant communities.

17. (a) Enumerate the levels and types of Biodiversity.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on Vavilov centers of origin of crop plants.

Advanced Core : Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity Model blue print for the Question Paper setter


Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Module – 1

1/ Cell Biology 1 2 2 30

Module – 2

2/ Genetics 1 2 2 30

Module – 3

3/ Ecology 1 2 2

30

Module – 4

4/ Biodiversity 1 2

2

30


Module 1-4 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -



III B.Sc.– Botany / Semester- V /Advanced Core Syllabus (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Practical Paper BO5213P: Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity


Suggested Laboratory Exercises:

1. Study of various stages of mitosis using cytological preparation of Onion root tips

2. Study of various stages of meiosis using cytological preparation of Onion flower buds.

3. Solving genetic problems related to monohybrid, dihybrid ratio and interaction

of genes (minimum of six problems in each topic).

4. Knowledge of ecological instruments: Working principles and applications of

Hygrometer, rain gauze, anemometer, altimeter, light meter, wet and dry bulb

thermometer (with the help of Equipment / diagrams/ photographs).

6. Study of morphological and anatomical characteristics of plant communities

using locally available plant species:

Hydrophytes : Eichhornia, Hidrilla, Pistia, Nymphaea, Vallisneria

Xerophytes : Asperagus,Opuntia, Euphorbi antiquorum

7. Detailed study on flora of a local fresh water or aquaculture pond.

8. Community ecological experiments on flora of College campus.

9. Geographical spotting of certain endemic and endangered plant species of AP and india

10. Minimum of two field visits to local areas of ecological / conservation / biodiversity

importance (Sacred grove / Reserved forest / Botanical garden / Zoo Park / Lake

etc.).

P.R. Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada

III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at V Semester End

Advanced core : Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity Practical paper (BO5213p) model paper


1. Make a cytological preparation of given material ‘A’ (mitosis or meiosis in Onion)by squash technique,

report any two stages, draw labeled diagrams and write the reasons 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Preparation of slide and reporting two stages -4 marks (2 + 2) + Diagrams -

2 marks(1+1) + Reasons -2 marks( 1 + 1).

2. Solve the given Genetic problem (Dihybrid cross/ Interaction of genes/ 2-point test cross) ‘B’ and write the conclusions 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Solution for the problem - 6M

Concluding remarks - 2M

3. Take T.S of the given material ‘C’ (hydrophyte/xerophte), stain and mount the section, draw labeled

diagram, identify with reasons. 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Section, slide preparation - 3 marks + Identification – 1 mark + diagram – 2

marks + Reasons – 2 marks.

3. Scientific observation and data analysis 2 x 4 = 08 M

D. Biodiversity (Specimen/photograph)

E. Biodiversity (Specimen/photograph)

5. Record and Viva-voce 5 + 3 = 8 M

External evaluation = 35 M

CCA = 15 M

TOTAL = 50 M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO5213 (Advanced Core)

A text book for BOTANY – III : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Botany Course – BO5213 (Advanced Core)

S. S. Purohit (2010) B.Sc., Unified Botany Volume –III, Cell Biology ( Genetics, Ecology and

Biodiversity), Saraswati Purohit for Student Edition, Jodhpur

S. C. Rastogi (2008) Cell Biology, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi

P. K. Gupta (2002) Cell and Molecular biology, Rastogi Publications, New Delhi

B. D. Singh (2008) Genetics, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

A.V.S.S. Sambamurty (2007) Molecular Genetics, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

N. S. Subrahmanyam & A.V.S.S. Sambamurty (2008) Ecology Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

P. D. Sharma (2012) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, New Delhi

A. K. Agrawal & P.P. Deo (2010) Plant Ecology, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

U. Kumar (2007) Biodiversity : Principles & Conservation, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

Reference Books for Botany course – BO5213 (Advanced Core)

Cooper, G.M. & R.E. Hausman (2009) The Cell – A Molecular Approach, A.S.M. Press,

Washington

Becker, W.M., L.J. Kleinsmith & J. Hardin (2007) The World of Cell, Pearson Education, Inc., New York

De Robertis, E.D.P. & E.M.F. De Robertis Jr. (2002) Cell and Molecular Biology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publ., Philadelphia

Robert H. Tamarin (2002) Principles of Genetics, Tata Mc Graw –Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

Gardner, E.J., M. J. Simmons & D.P. Snustad (2004) Principles of Genetics, John Wiley & Sons

Inc., New York

Micklos, D.A., G.A. Freyer & D.A. Cotty (2005) DNA Science: A First Course, I.K. International

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Edward J. Kormondy (1996) Concepts of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New

Delhi

Begon, M., J.L. Harper & C.R. Townsend (2003) Ecology, Blackwell Science Ltd., U.S.A.

Eugene P. Odum (1996) Fundamentals of Ecology, Natraj Publishers, Dehradun

III B.Sc., – Botany/ V Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Advanced Elective-1 (Course: BO/PPPB5214A)

Plant pathology and plant breeding

Total Hours of Teaching: 40 @ 3 h / Week Total Credits : 02

Module - 1 Basics of Plant Pathology (10h)

a. Definitions and terms used in plant pathology – Disease triangle and disease pyramid; causes of diseases.

b. Classification of plant diseases; Plant pathology in India c. Some historical losses due to plant diseases – Late blight of Potato; Wheat rusts; Brown

spot of Rice; Coffee rust. d. Dissemination of plant pathogens by air, water, insects, animals and man e. General symptoms of plant diseases.

Module - 2 Disease development and control (12 h)

a. Symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and control of following plant diseases - Blast of Rice; Tungro of Rice; Red Rot of Sugarcane; Tobacco Mosaic.

b. Weapons in plant disease development : Role of enzymes, growth regulators and toxins in plant diseases.

c. General account of plant defense mechanisms : Structural, chemical and lack of essential factors.

d. Effect of environment on plant Disease development. e. Plant disease management: A general account of chemical and biological methods.

Module - 3 Principles of Plant Breeding (8 h)

a. Plant Breeding and its scope. b. Genetic basis for plant breeding. c. Mode of reproduction in relation to plant Breeding; Male sterility. d. Hybridization – schemes, and technique; Heterosis

Module - 4 Breeding Methods (10 h)

a. Plant Introduction and Acclimatization. b. Mass Selection: Definition, procedure; applications and uses; advantages and limitations. c. Pure line selection : Definition, procedure; applications and uses; advantages and

limitations. d. Clonal Selection: Definition, procedure; applications and uses; advantages and limitations.


Advanced Elective-1 : Plant pathology and plant breeding (Course: BO5214A Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017)




1. Prof. T. S. Sadasivan

2. Disease triangle

3. Acclimatization

4. Selection

5. Heterosis



6. Disease pyramid 7. Irish famine 8. Plant toxins 9. Phytoalexins 10. Male sterility 11. Polygenic inheritance 12. Plant introduction 13. Advantages and acheivements of Mutation breeding




14. (a) Write an essay on the classification of plant diseases based on spread and major

causal agent.

(OR)

(b) Write essay on classification of plant diseases.

15. (a) Write a general account of structural defense mechanism in plants against pathogens.

(OR)

(b) Describe the life cycle of fungus causing Blast of Rice

.

16. (a) Describe the various mechanisms that promote cross pollination.

(OR)

(b) What is Hybridization? Describe different steps involved in production of a hybrid

Plant..

17. (a) Write an essay on Mass selection, add a note on its advantages and achievements.

(OR)

(b) Define clone? Describe clonal selection procedure, add a note on its advantages and

achievements.

Advanced Elective -1 : Plant pathology and plant breeding Model blue print for the Question Paper setter


Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Module – 1

1/ Basics of Plant Pathology

1 2 2 30

Module – 2

2/ Disease development and control

1 2 2 30

Module – 3

3/ Principles of Plant Breeding

1 2 2

30

Module – 4

4/ Breeding Methods 1 2 2

30


Module 1-4 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -



III B.Sc.– Botany / Semester- V /Advanced Elec.I Syllabus (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Practical Paper BO5214A-P: Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding



1. Study of disease symptoms of the following :

a. Paddy : Brown leaf spot; Blast; Bacterial leaf blight

b. Wheat : Red rust

c. Ground nut : Tikka disease

d. Sugarcane : Red rot; Whip smut

e. Tobacco : Mosaic

f. Bajra : Green ear

g. Maize : Smut

h. Bhendi : Yellow vein mosaic

i. Papaya : Leaf curl

2. Temporary slide preparation of representative genera of disease causing fungi for

Morphological studies

3. Koch postulates; preparation of PDA medium.

4. . Isolation of phytopathogenic bacteria from locally available diseased plant material

and study of colony characteristics and Grams –staining.

5. Floral biology of Paddy, Sugarcane, Maize and Red gram

6. Emasculation techniques

7. Procedure of mass, pureline and clonal selection.

8. Filed trip to Agriculture research stations.

P.R. Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at V Semester End

Advanced Elective - I : Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding

Practical paper (BO5214A-P) model paper


1. Take section of given material ‘A’ , prepare a temporary slide and report the disease 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Preparation of slide -4 marks + Reporting disease with Reasons -4 marks

+ Diagrams -2 marks.

2. Floral Biology/ Demonstation of a Plnat breeding technique 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Demonstration – 3 marks + Reporting technique with Reasons -4 marks

+ Diagrams -3 marks.


C. Viral /Bacterial disease (Specimen/photograph)

D. Funagal disease (Specimen/photograph)

E. Plant breeding technique

F. Selection procedure



CCA = 15 M

TOTAL = 50 M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO/PPPB5214A (Advanced Elective-1)

B.Sc.-Botany –Third year – Paper III : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Botany Course – BO/PPPB5214A (Advanced

Elective-1)

P.D. Sharma (2006) Plant Pathology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

R.S. Singh (2011) Introduction to Priciples of Plant Pathology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi

R.S. Singh (1998) Plant diseases, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

R.P. Singh (2008) Plant Pathology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

H.C. Dube (2010) Modern Plant Pathology, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

R. C. Chaudhary (1996) Introduction to Plant Breeding, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi

B. D. Singh (1999) Plant Breeding, Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana

Reference Books for Botany course– BO/PPPB5214A (Advanced Elective-1)

G.N. Agrios (2005) Plant Pathology, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam

Mehrotra, R.S. & A. Aggarwal (2007) Plant Pathology, Tata Mc Graw – Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New

Delhi

M. Dickinson ( 2008) Molecular Plant Pathology, Bios Scientific Publishers, London

A.K. Mishra & A. Bohra (2011) Plant Pathology : Diseases and Management, Agrobios (India),

Jodhpur

B.D.Singh (2001) Plant Breeding : Principles and Methods , Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

Mandal, A.K., P.K.Ganguli and S.P. Banerjee (1991) Advances in Plant Breeding, Volumes I &

II, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi (India)

Bahar A. Siddiqui & S. Khan (1997) Plant Breeding & In Vitro culture, CBS Publishers &

Distributors, New Delhi (India)

S.K. Gupta (2010) Plant Breeding : Theory and Techniques, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

Hayes, H.K., F.R. Immer & D.C. Smith (2009) Methods of Plant Breeding, Biotech Books, Delhi

III B.Sc. – Botany / V Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Advanced Elective-2 (Course: BO/PBGE5214B)

Plant Biotechnology and Genetic engineering


Module – 1 Concepts of Plant Tissue culture (10h)

a. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology - Definition, history, scope and significance b. Organization and equipment of a plant tissue culture laboratory. c. Basic concepts of tissue culture : Explant, totipotency, differentiation, dedifferentiation,

and redifferentiation. d. Sterilization techniques in tissue culture laboratory. e. Murashige and Skoog culture medium composition, preparation and sterilization

techniques.

Module – 2 Methods in Tissue culture (10h)

a. Organ culture : Meristem, ovule, pollen and embryo cultures b. Callus, Cell and Cell suspension techniques and their significance. c. Protoplast culture, Somatic hybridization and cybridization techniques and their

significance. d. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds. e. Applications of plant tissue culture.

Module – 3 Tools & techniques of r-DNA technology (10h)

a. Classification, properties and applications of restriction endonucleases. b. Reverse transcriptase; Alkaline phosphatase; DNA ligase. c. Cloning vectors : Plasmids, Lamda-phage, cosmids, M-13, phagemids. d. Structure of pBR 322; Artificial chromosome vectors - BAC, YAC, Shuttle vectors. e. Different steps in gene cloning ; r-DNA duplication; Genomic libraries;

c-DNA libraries. Module – 4 Production of Transgenic plants (10h)

a. Direct methods of gene transfer - Biolistics, Lipofection, Electroporation, microinjection - Advantages and disadvantages

b. Vector mediated gene transfer-Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer - T DNA, Ti plasmid

and Ri plasmid derived vector systems. c. Applications : Herbicide resistance (Glyphosate), Insect resistance (Cry proteins),

Nutritional quality (Golden rice), Shelf-life (Slow fruit softening tomatoes).


Advanced Elective-2 : plant biotechnology and genetic engineering (Course: BO5214B Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017)




1. Totipotency

2. Protoplast 3. DNA ligase 4. Ri plasmid 5. Embryo rescue



6. Explant sterlization 7. Autoclave 8. Pollen culture 9. Cybridization 10. Reverse transcriptase 11. Cosmids

12. Microinjection technique

13. Cry proteins




14. (a) Write an essay on composition and preparation of MS medium.

(OR)

(b) Describe the different types of sterilization techniques used in Plant tissue culture.

15. (a) Write an essay on callus culture and add a note on its significance.

(OR)

(b) Discuss about the applications of tissue culture.

16. (a) What are restriction endonucleases? Desribe the different types of restriction

endonucleases with suitable examples.

(OR)

(b) Write about different types vectors used in gene cloning.

17. (a) Write an essay on direct methods of gene transfer.

(OR)

(b) Describe the production of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium mediated gene

transfer.

Advanced Elective -2 : plant biotechnology and genetic engineering Model blue print for the Question Paper setter


Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Module – 1

1/ Concepts of Plant Tissue culture

1 2 2 30

Module – 2

2/ Methods in Tissue culture

1 2 2 30

Module – 3

3/ Tools of r-DNA technology

1 2 2

30

Module – 4

4/ Production of Transgenics

1 2 2

30


Module 1-4 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -



III B.Sc.– Botany / Semester- V /Advanced Elec.II Syllabus(W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Practical Paper BO5214B-P: Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering



1. Equipment for plant tissue culture.

2. Sterilization techniques – Plant material, glass ware, media.

3. Preparation of MS medium.

4. Callus culture - Micropropagation

5. Isolation of DNA

6. Demonstarion of Gel electrophoresis

7. Demonstration of PCR

8. Study of biotechnology products: Samples of antibiotics, vaccines, biofertilizers,

single cell protein, cosmetics; photographs of transgenic plants, multiple shoots and artificial / synthetic seeds.

9.Visit to research institutes/Biotechnology industries

P.R. Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at V Semester End

Advanced Elective - II : Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Practical paper (BO5214B-P) model paper


1. Conduct of Plant Tissue Culture technique ‘A’ 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Preparation of slide - 4 marks + Reporting technique with

Reasons - 4 marks + Diagrams -2 marks.

2. Conduct of Genetic Engineering techinque 08 M

Scheme for valuation: Conduct of experiment – 3 marks + Reporting technique with

Reasons - 4 marks + Diagrams -3 marks.


C. Tissue culture equipment /photograph

D. Plant Tissue culture product/photograph

E. Genetic Engineering equipment /photograph

F. Genetic Engineering product/photograph



CCA = 15 M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO/PBGE5214B (Advanced Elective-2)

B.Sc.-Botany –Third year – Paper IV : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Botany Course – BO/PBGE5214B (Advanced Elective-

2)

Dubey, R. C. (2008) A Textbook of Biotechnology, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi

Ramawat, K. G. (2008) Plant Biotechnology, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.

Jha, T.B. and B. Ghosh (2005) Plant Tissue Culture – Basic and Applied, Universities Press

(India) Private Limited, Hyderabad

S.S. Purohit (2004) Plant Tissue Culture, Student Edition , Jodhpur

B.D.Singh (2008) Plant Biotechnology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

Sandhya Mitra (2008) Genetic Engineering : Principles and Practices, Mac Millan India

Ltd., Delhi

P.K. Gupta (2001) Elements of Biotechnology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut

H.S. Chawla (2007) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

H.K. Das (2010) Textbook of Biotechnology, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Kalyan Kumar De (2001) An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, New Central Book Agency

(P) Ltd., Calcutta

Reference Books for Botany Course – BO/PBGE5214B (Advanced Elective-2)

R. Ranjan (2010) Trangenic Plants, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

Robert H. Smith (2001) Plant Tissue Culture Techniques & Equipment, Academic Press, Delhi

Lindsey, K. (2007) Plant Tissue Culture, Springer (India), Delhi

Henry A. Erlich (2005) PCR Technology – Principles and Applications for DNA amplification,

Oxford university Press, New York

A. Rashid (2009) Introduction to Genetic Engineering of Crop plants : Aims and Acheivements,

Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad Slater, A., N.Scott & M. Flower (2007) Plant

Biotechnology : The Genetic Manipulation of Plants, Oxford University Press Inc., New York

Kesavachandran, R. & K.V. Peter (2008) Plant Biotechnology : Methods in Tissue Culture and

Gene Transfer, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad

Balasubramanian, D., C.F.A. Bryce, K.Dharmalingam, J. Green & K. Jayaraman (1996)

Concepts in Biotechnology, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad

Giri, C.C. & Archana Giri (2007) Plant Biotechnology : Practical Manual, Universities Press

(India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad

Razdan, M.K. (2005) Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, Oxford & IBH Publishers, Delhi

III B.Sc. – Botany / VI Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Skill based core (BO6213)

Plant Physiology Total Hrs. of Teaching-Learning : 40 @ 3 h / Week Total Credits :03

Module -1 Plant - Water relations (8h)

a. Importance of water to plant life, physical properties of water, diffusion, imbibition, osmosis

b. Concept and components of water potential

c. Absorption and lateral transport of water; Ascent of sap

d. Transpiration : stomata structure and movements.

e. Essential macro and micro mineral nutrients and their role in plants; symptoms of mineral deficiency. Absorption of mineral ions; passive and active processes.

Module - 2 Plant metabolism -1 (12h)

a. Enzymes : Characteristics, nomenclature and classification. Mechanism and regulation of

enzyme action, enzyme kinetics; factors regulating enzyme action.

b. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, absorption and action spectra; Red drop and

Emerson enhancement effect.

c. Concept of two photosystems; mechanism of photosynthetic electron transport and evolution of oxygen; photophosphorylation

d. Carbon assimilation pathways (C3, C4 and CAM); Photorespiration.

e. Translocation of organic substances: Mechanism of phloem transport; source-sink relationships.

Module - 3 Plant metabolism -2 (12h)

a. Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic processes; Glycolysis, Krebs cycle. b. Electron Transport System, mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation, Pentose Phosphate

Pathway. c. Nitrogen metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, ammonia

assimilation, amino acid synthesis. d. Lipid metabolism : Introduction, classification of lipids, saturated and unsaturated fatty

acids, anabolism of triglyceride, β-oxidation of fatty acids, Glyoxylate cycle.

Module - 4 Plant Growth & Development (8h)

a. Stress Physiology: Concept and plant responses to water, salt and temperature stresses b. Growth and Development: Definition, phases and kinetics of growth.

c. Phytohormones: Physiological effects of phytohormones- auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ABA, ethylene and brassinosteroids.

d. Physiology of flowering : Photoperiodism, role of phytochrome in flowering.

P.R. Government College (Autonomous), Kakinada III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at VI Semester End

Skill based core : Plant Physiology (Course code : BO6213 Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017) Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70



1. Guttation

2. Conjugated enzyme

3. Nitrite reductase

4. Ethylene

5. Imbibition



6. Water potential

7. Criteria of essentiality

8. Induced –fit model

9. Emerson enhancement effect

10. Development of Root-nodules in Legumes

11. Transamination

12. Physiological effects of Brassinosteroids

13. Sigmoid growth curve


Answer any four questions, choosing at least one question from each set. Draw neat and


14. (a) What is transpiration? Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata.

(OR)

(b) Give an account of active transport in the absorption of salts.

15. (a) Describe the biochemical reactions in Reductive Pentose Phosphate pathway.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on Translocation of organic solutes in plants.

16. (a) Explain different biochemical reactions in Krebs cycle with the help of schematic

diagram.

(OR) (b) Discuss the β-oxidation of fatty acids and add a note on energetics of fatty acid

catabolism.

17. (a) Discuss the physiological changes that occur during seed germination.

(OR)

(b) Describe the physiological changes in plants under water deficit stress and salt

stress.

Skill based Core : Plant Physiology Model blue print for the Question Paper setter


Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Unit – 1

1/ Plant - Water relations 1 2 2 30

Unit – 2

2/ Plant metabolism -1 1 2 2 30

Unit – 3

3/ Plant metabolism -2 1 2

2

30

Unit – 4

4/ Plant Growth & Development

1 2 2

30

Any of the above Units (i.e., 1-4)

- 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -



III B.Sc.– Botany / Semester- V /Skill based Core Syllabus (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Practical Paper BO6213P: Plant Physiology



1. Determination of osmotic potential by plasmolytic method using leaf epidermal cells of Rhoeo or Tradescantia.

2. Determination of water potential in potato tuber cylinders by gravimetric method

3. Determination of cell membrane permiability using beet root by colorimetric method 4. Determination of rate of transpiration using cobalt chloride method/Ganong’s potometer. 5. Study of mineral deficiency symptoms using plant material/photographs.

6. Determination of catalase activity using potato tubers by titration method.

7. Determination of amylase activity using germination seeds of green gram

8. Separation of chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography technique.

9. Anatomy of C3, C4 and CAM leaves

10. Estimation of protein by biuret method/Lowry method

12. Minor experiments – Osmosis, Arc-auxonometer, ascent of sap through xylem, cytoplasmic streaming.


III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at VI Semester End

Skill based core : Plant Physiology Practical paper (BO6213p) model paper


1. Experiment ‘A’: Major experiment from Plant -Water relations/Metabolism. 10 M

Scheme for valuation : Aim, principle, procedure - 3 M

Conduct of experiment - 4 M

Result, explanation - 3 M

2. Experiment ‘B’: Minor experiment 6 M

Scheme for valuation : Aim, principle and Procedure - 4 M

Inference - 2 M


C. Plant water relations

D. Metabolism

E. Plant growth and development



CCA = 15 M

TOTAL = 50 M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO6213 (Skill Based Core-1)

A text book for BOTANY – IV : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Botany Course – BO6213 (Skill Based Core-1)

Noggle Ray & J. Fritz (2013) Introductory Plant Physiology, Prentice Hall (India), New Delhi

Subhash Chandra Datta (2007) Plant Physiology, New Age International, New Delhi

Pandey, S.M. & B.K. Sinha (2006) Plant Physiology, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi

Salisbury Frank B. & Cleon W. Ross (2007) Plant Physiology, Thomsen & Wadsworth, Austalia

& U.S.A

R.K. Sinha (2014) Modern Plant Physiology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

S.C. Datta (2007) Plant Physiology, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi

Reference Books for Botany Course – BO6213 (Skill Based Core-1)

Taiz, L. & E. Zeiger (2003) Plant Physiology, Panima Publishers, New Delhi

Hans Mohr & P. Schopfer (2006) Plant Physiology, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

V. Verma (2007) Text Book of Plant Physiology, Ane Books India, New Delhi

Hopkins, W.G. & N.P.A. Huner (2014) Introduction to Plant Physiology, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Hans-Walter heldt (2005) Plant Biochemistry, Academic Press, U.S.A.

Aravind Kumar & S.S. Purohit (1998) Plant Physiology – Fundamentals and Applications, Agro

Botanica, Bikaner

III B.Sc. – Botany/ VI Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Skill based Elective -1 (Course: BO/STAH6214A)

seed technology and horticulture


Module – 1 Seed Technology -1 (8h)

a. Structure of Dicot and Monocot seeds; outgrowths of seeds.

b. Seed dormancy and reasons for seed dormancy.

c. Methods of breaking seed dormancy.

d. Seed storage methods.

Module – 2 Seed Technology -2 (12h)

a. Seed banks – necessity, working mode, types of seeds stored, seed banks around globe.

b. Seed viability – measures of seed viability, factors affecting seed viability.

c. Genetic erosion – introduction, causes, examples in India and abroad; measures to check

genetic erosion.

d. Seed testing ; seed certification.

Module – 3 Horticulture -1 (8h)

a. Horticulture – Introduction, divisions of horticulture, scope and impact of horticulture.

b. Ornamental plants - classification, cultivation of ornamental plants.

c. Floriculture – introduction; potential and trade in India; cultivation of Chrysanthemum and

rose

d. Vegetables and vegetable gardening; Cultivation of cucumber and cauliflower.

Module – 4 Horticulture -2 (12h) a. Bonsai – History, principles, creation, training, repotting, post-establishment care and

common styles of bonsai.

b. Landscaping – introduction, goals, categories, designing, elements; Planning residential and non-residential land scapes; plant arrangement in land scape.

c. Micro-irrigation systems

d. Protected structures for cultivation – Green house, poly house and shade net; mist chamber

e. Vegetative propagation of horticulture plants – Cuttings, grafting and layering.


Skill based Elective- 1: seed technology and horticulture

(Course code : BO6214A Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017) Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70



1. Cotyledon

2. Genetic erosion

3. Olericulture

4. Floriculture

5. Grafting



6. Structure of Dicot seed

7. Importance of seed dormancy

8. Tetrazolium test

9. International seed banks

10. Classification of ornamental plants

11. Floriculture potential and trade in India

12. Land scaping

13. Air layering




14. (a) Define seed dormancy. Discuss different causes for seed dormancy.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on seed storage methods.

15. (a) Define seed banks. Discuss about the necessity, working mode and types of seeds

stored in seed banks.

(OR)

(b) Describe the process of seed certification.

16. (a) Describe the cultivation procedure for Chrysanthemum.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on the cultivation of Cabbage.

17. (a) Write an essay on goals, categories, designing and elements of landscaping.

(OR)

(b) What is Bonsai? Describe the techniques to produce Bonsai plants.

Skill based Elective -1 : seed technology and horticulture Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 70 Time : 3 Hrs. Module No. / Title Very Short

Answer Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Unit – 1

Module- 1-:

Seed Technology -1 1 2 2 30

Unit – 2

Module – 2: Seed Technology -2

1 2 2 30

Unit – 3

Module – 3 : Horticulture -1

1 2

2

30

Unit – 4

Module – 4 : Horticulture -2

1 2

2

30


- 1 - - 2


5 8 8 -




Practical Paper BO6214A- P: Seed Technology and Horticulture (Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 45 @ 3 h / Week in 15 Sessions)

Suggested Laboratory Exercises: 1. Structure of Dicot and Monocot seeds

2. Seed germination test

3. Testing of seed viability using 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC).

4. Study of non-dormant seed germination: Breaking of seed dormancy caused by hard 5. seed coat using scarification technique.

6. Determination of seed purity.

7. Protocol for seed dressing using fungicide to control diseases.

8. Protocol seed dressing using biofertilizer (Rhizobium) to enrich nutrient supply.

9. Protocol for seed certification.

10. Study on tools/equipment used in horticulture: Rake, hoe, spade, trowel, digger, 11. pick-axe,

12. Study of structures for protected cultivation of Horticulture crops - shade net, glass house 13. and mist chamber

14. Demonstration of vegetative plant propagation: Rooting of cuttings – Leaf and Stem; 15. layering; stem, bud and wedge grafting.

16. Visit to seed producing firms and horticulture farms.


III year B.Sc., Degree Examinations at VI Semester End

Skill based Elective- 1 : seed technology and horticulture

Practical paper (BO6214Ap) model paper


1. Experiment ‘A’: Seed Technology. 09 M




2. Experiment ‘B’: Hortculture 09 M





C. Seed Technology

D. Horticulture



CCA = 15 M

TOTAL = 50 M

Text Books for Botany Course – BO/STAH6214A (Skill Based Elective-1)

A text book for BOTANY – IV : Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad

Suggested Readings for Course – BO/STAH6214A (Skill Based Elective-1)

Joshi, A.K. & B. D. Singh (2005) Seed Science and Technology, Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana

Dahiya, B.S. & K. N. Rai (1997) Seed Technology, Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana

Rattan Lal Agrawal (1998) Seed Technology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi.

Agarwal, P.K. & M.Dadlani (1995) Techniques in Seed Science and Technology, South Asian

Publishers, New Delhi

S.S.Purohit (2010) B.Sc. Unified Botany Volume-IV Saraswati Purohit for Student Edition,

Jodhpur

V.L. Sheela (2011) Horticulture, M.J.P. Publishers, Chennai

K.V.Peter (2015) Basics of Horticulture, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi

S. Prasad & U. Kumar (2012) Principles of Horticulture, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

S.N. Gupta & K.B. Naik (2010) Instant Horticulture, Jain Brothers, New Delhi

Kumar Misra, K.K. & R. Kumar (2014) Fundamentals of Horticulture, Biotech. Books,

New Delhi

Reference Books for Botany course– BO/STAH6214A (Skill Based Elective-1)

Khare, B.P. (1993) Stored Grain Pests and their Management, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhian

Vijendra K.Agarwal & James B.Sinclair (1993) Principles of seed Pathology, C. B. S.

Publishers & Distributors, Delhi

Yawalkar, K.S. (1992) Vegetable Crops in India, Agri-Horticultural Publishing House, Nagpur

Mathur, S.B. & H.K.Manandhar (1997) Quarantine Seed, Daya Publishing House, Delhi

Nema, M.P.(1985) Principles of Seed Certification and Testing, Allied Publisher Ltd., New

Millee B. Mc.Donald & Lawrence O. Copeland (1998) Seed Production Principles &

Practices, C.B.S. Publishers, Delhi

Gurder Singh & S.R. Asokan (1997) Management of Seed Production Activity, Oxford &

I.B.H. Publishers, Delhi

Dadheeoh, P.K. (1996) Seed Programming Management Systems & Concepts, Loksahitya

Kendra, Jodhpur

Kelly, A.F. (1993) Seed Planning and Policy for Agricultural Production, C.B.S. Publishers &

Distributors, Delhi

George Acquaah (2004) Horticulture : Principles and Practices, PHI Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies, Jr., R.L. Geneve (2004) Plant Propagation :

Principles and Practices, PHI Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Chada, K.L. & B. Choudhury (1997) Ornamental Horticulture in India, PID, ICAR, New

Delhi

N. Manga Devi (2012) Bonsai – The Miniature Trees, EMSCO Books, Hyderabad

S. Prasad, D. Singh & U. Kumar (2010) Commercial Floriculture, Agrobios (India)

Jodhpur

III B.Sc. – Botany / VI Semester End (W.E.F. 2016-2017)

Skill based Elective-2 (Course: BO/BFBP6214B)

Biofertilizers and biopesticides


Module - 1 Basic concepts of Biofertilizers (10h)

a. Biofertilizers – introduction - the organisms that fixes atmospheric nitrogen – free living

and symbiotic.

b. Bacterial biofertilizers : Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Beijerinckia, Acetobacter,

Phosphobacteria and Frankia

c. Algal biofertilizers : Blue green algae – Asymbiotic and symbiotic, Azolla – Importance

d. Fungal biofertilizers : Mycorrhizas – ectomycorrhiza (ECM) and Vesicular Arbiscular

Mycorrhiza (VAM) – Role of mychorrizas and importance

Module - 2 Biological Nitrogen fixation (10h)

a. Nitrogen cycle; Role of Nitrogen in plant growth and development; Diazotrophic

microorganisms.

b. Asymbiotic Nitrogen fixation – Microorganisms, mechanism of asymbiotic nitrogen

fixation.

c. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation- formation of root nodules; mechanism of Nitrogen fixation in

legumes.

d. Biochemical aspects of Diazotrophy; Genetics of Nitrogen fixation.

e. Cultivation of Azolla.

Module - 3 Biological mobilization of Phosphorus (10h)

a. Role of Phosphorus in Plant growth and development; Phosphorus cycle.

b. Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM); mode of action of PSMs.

c. Organic acids and Phosphate solobulization; Enzymes and P-soloubiliztion.

d. Effect of PSMs on plant growth and P-economy; Duel inoculation of P-solubilizers

and nitrogen fixes.

Module - 4 Biopesticides (10h)

a. Biopesticides – introduction and types of biopesticides – their advantages

and disadvantages.

b. Bacterial biopesticides : Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluoresens

c. Fungal biopesticides : Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma virede

d. Viral biopesticides : Baculovirus –Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)

Suggested Readings for Botany Course – BO/BFBP6214B (Skill Based Elective

-2)

Arun K. Sharma (2012) Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

Subba Rao N.S. (1997) Biofertilizers in Agriculture, Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi, 1988.

Subba Rao N.S. (1997) Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry, Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi

P.K.Gupta (2012) A Handbook of Soil, Fertilizer and Manure, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

Reference Books for Botany Course – BO/BFBP6214B (Skill Based Elective -2) Somani, L.L., P.Shilpkar & D. Shilpkar (2011) Biofertilizers : Commercial Production

Technology & Quality Control, Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur


Skill based Elective- 2: Biofertilizers and biopesticides

(Course code : BO6214B Model paper w.e.f. 2016-2017)




1. Biofertilizers

2. Nitrification

3. PSM

4. Biopesticides

5. ECM



6. Acetobacter

7. Symbiotic Blue Green Algae

8. Nif-genes

9. Nitrogenase

10. Phosphorus cycle

11. Enzymes and P-soloubiliztion

12. Baculoviruses

13. Trichoderma virede




14. (a) Give a general account of different types of biofertilizers.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on different kinds of Bacterial biofertilizers.

15. (a) Describe the mechanism of Nitrogen fixation in Legumes.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on Genetics of Nitrogen fixation.

16. (a) Discuss the importance or Phosphorus in plants and Phosphorous cycle.

(OR)

(b) Describe the effect of PSMs on plant growth and P-economy. Add a note on duel

inoculation of P- Solubilizers and nitrogen fixes.

17. (a) Give a general account of different biopesticides. Add a note on their advantages and

disadvantages.

(OR)

(b) Write an essay on characteristics, mechanism of action and application of Bt.

Skill based Elective - 2 : biofertilizers and biopesticides Model blue print for the Question Paper setter

Max. marks = 70 Time : 3 Hrs. Module No. / Title Very Short

Answer Questions

Short Answer

Questions

Essay

Questions


Unit/Chapter

Unit – 1

Module – 1/ Basic concepts of Biofertilizers

1 2 2 30

Unit – 2

Module – 2/ Mechanism of Nitrogen fixation

1 2 2 30

Unit – 3

Module – 3/ Biological mobilization of Phosphorus

1 2 2

30

Unit – 4

Module – 4/ Biopesticides

1 2

2

30


- 1 - - 2

Total No. of Questions including

choice (19) 5 8 8 -



Practical Paper BO6214B- P: Biofertilizers and Biopesticides (Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 45 @ 3 h / Week in 15 Sessions)


1. Morphology of Nostoc and Anabaena using fresh material/permanent slide.

2. Morphology of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Beijerinckia, Acetobacter,

Phosphobacteria and Frankia using material/permanent slide/photograph.

3. Morphology of mycorrhizae using permanent slides/photographs.

4. Isolation and culture techniques of Cyanobaceria.

5. Isolation and culture techniques of Bacteria.

6. Cultivation of Azolla.

7. Morphology of different organisms used as biopesticides with the help of

photographs/permanent slides.

8. Mode of action of different biopesticides.

9. Visit to research institutes/industries working on biofertilizers and biopesticides.


Skill based Elective- 2 : Biofertilizers and biopesticides

Practical paper (BO6214Bp) model paper


1. Experiment ‘A’: Biofertilizer 09 M




2. Experiment ‘B’: Biopesticide 09 M


Inference - 2 M


C. Biofertilizer

D. Biopesticide



CCA = 15 M

TOTAL = 50 M

List of Paper setters and Examiners For Botany w.e.f. 2017-2018

1. DR. J. Suneetha, Lec. in-Charge, Dept. of Botany Govt. Arts College(A), Rajahmundry, E.G.Dt.

2. Smt. D. Krishna, Lecturer in Botany Govt. Arts College(A), Rajahmundry, E.G.Dt.

3. Smt. K. Usha Sri, Lecturer in Botany Govt. Degree College , Ramachandrapuram, E.G.Dt.

4. Ms. D. Swapna, Lecturer in Bortany A.S.D.G.D.C. for Women (Autonomous), Kakinada

5. Smt. Krishna Kumari, Lec. in-Charge, Dept. of Botany A.S.D.G.D.C. for Women (Autonomous), Kakinada

6. DR.N. Suryanarayana Raju, Lec. In-charge, Dept. of Botany SVKP & Dr. K.S.Raju Arts and science college, Penugonda, W.G.Dt.

7. DR. N. Nagavardhanam, Lecturer in Botany

St. Theresa College for Women (A), Eluru, W.G.Dt.

8. DR. B. Siva Kumari, Lecturer in Botany Andhra Loyola College (A), Vijayawada, Krishna Dt.

9. Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi, Lecturer in Botany St. Theresa College for Women (A), Eluru, W.G.Dt.

10. Dr. M. Krishna Rao, Lecturer in Botany

M.R. College, Peddapuram

11. Ms. K.N.V.S.N. Eswari, Lecturer in Botany

Govt. Degree College, Pithapuram

12. Dr. G. Jyothirmayi, Lecturer in-Charge

Dept. of Botany, M.R. College, Peddapuram

Suggested Student Projects

1. Collection, Isolation and identification of algae from fresh water bodies in

Kakinada.

2. Collection, Isolation and identification of bacteria and cyanobacteria from different

water bodies at Kakinada.

3. Collection and preparation of herbarium of monocotyledonous plants in the PRGC

(A) campus, Kakinada.

4. Study of wood elements of different timber yielding plants.

5. Solar tracking in some plants of PRGC (A) campus, Kakinada.

6. Study of fungal diseases on plants in the college campus.

7. Effect of temperature and light on the germination of seeds of some pulses.

8. Efficacy of some medicinal plants extracts on fungi under in vitro conditions.

9. Collection and preparation of herbarium of polypetalous plants in the college

campus.

10. Collection and preparation of herbarium of gamopetalous plants in the college

campus.

11. Effect of some industrial effluents on the germination of seeds of pulses.

12. Determination of seed viability in some plants using TZ test.

13. Determination of imbibition in seeds of some plants.

14. Study on types of stomata, stomatal frequency and stomatal index in different

plants of PRGC (A) campus, Kakinada.

15. Study on microbes from soil and air in the college campus.

16. Determination of transpiration rate in some plants in the college campus.

17. Study report on wood elements in some woody mangroves.

18. Anatomical study of leaves and stems in mangrove associates.

19. Collection and preparation of herbarium of medicinal plants in PRGC (A) campus.

20. Anatomical study of leaves and stems in some mangroves.

PITHAPUR RAJAH’S GOVERMENT COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

KAKINADA – 533 001, ANDHRA PRADESH

The Board of Studies in Botany for the academic year 2017 - 2018 convened on

15-04-2017 at 10:00 AM in Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, PRGC(A), Kakinada.

AGENDA :

1. Modification of syllabus compared to previous year. 2. Department Action Plan for 2017-18.

3. New restructured course combinations as suggested by CCE. 4. Model question papers and Blue prints. 5. Panel of question paper setters and Examiners 6. Pedagogy implementation w.e.f. admitted batch 2017-18. 7. Additional inputs to curriculum. 8. Internal assessment weightage (40%). 9. Cluster electives/Subject electives.

10. End sem examination for 2½ Hrs. and 60 Marks. Mid semester examination for 1½ Hrs. and 40 Marks – w.e.f. 2017-18 admitted batch. 11. Conduct of semester wise practical examinations for 1st Year (2017-18 admitted batch).

13. Introduction of B.Sc. (Horticulture, Botany and Chemistry) programme from 2017- 2018 Academic Year.

The members of B.O.S. in Botany discussed all the issues kept in the agenda at

length and taken following resolutions.

RESOLUTIONS :

1. Resolved to offer Botany courses under CBCS pattern for students of all the three

years as approved in the today’s BOS meeting.

2. Resolved to approve the implementation of CCA for 40 marks and Semester end

evaluation for 60 marks in theory examinations from the 2017-18 admitted batch.


evaluation for 70 marks in both theory and practical examinations for the II year

students (2016-17 admitted batch). It is also approved to conduct practical

examinations for II year at the end of Academic Year.


evaluation for 70 marks in theory examinations for the III year students (2015-16

admitted batch). It is also approved to conduct practical examinations for III yaer

students at the end of V and VI semesters.

5. It is also resolved to approve 40% pass minimum in both theory and practical

examinations for all the 3 years of students.

6. Resolved to offer an add on course (Certificate/diploma course) during the second

semester of first year as per the local need.

7. Resolved to approve the syllabus and model question paper of General (Open) Elective Course – Mushroom Cultivation for students from other departments offered in the second year, during IV Semester.

8. Resolved to approve the continuation of Advanced Core (Cell Biology, Genetics,

Ecology and Biodiversity) and Skill based Core (Plant Physiology) offered respectively in V and VI Semesters for Final year students of Botany course for 2015-16 admitted batch.

9. Resolved to approve the continuation of syllabi proposed for Subject (discipline

centric) Electives i.e., Advanced Electives (Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding;

Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering) during V semester and Skill based

Electives (Seed Technology and Horticulture; Biofertilizers and Biopesticides)

during VI semester offered by the department under CBCS pattern. Student has to

chose one Advanced Elective (either of the 2 offered) in V semester and one Skill

based Elective (either of the 2 offered) in VI semester.

10. Resolved to approve the model question papers of theory and practical in Botany

for all the 6 semesters prepared in CBCS pattern. Blue prints prepared for the above

papers are also approved. Resolved to approve the panel of Paper setters and

Examiners for Botany.

11. Resolved to approve the Action plan of the Department for the academic year 2017-2018.

12. Resolved to approve the Introduction of B.Sc. (Horticulture, Botany and Chemistry) programme from 2017- 2018 Academic Year. But a part time/Visiting faculty from the same subject area should be engaged to take classes of Horticulture. A separate BOS is to be conducted for Horticulture by inviting experts in that area.

(DR. S.V. RANGA RAO) (MS. K.N.V.S.N.ESWARI) ANUR Nominee Lecturer in Botany, Dept. of Botany

& Lecturer in Botany Government Degree College

Dept. of Botany Pithapuram S.M.B.T.A.V.& S.N Degree College East Godavari Dist.

Veeravasaram, W.G. Dt.

(SRI A.R.K.SASTRY) (SMT. P. SWATHI)

Alumni Member Assistant Director Former Joint Director Biological Control Laboratory

Botanical Survey of India Dept. of Agriculture

Kolkata, W.B.St. Near R.T.O. Office

R/o Kakinada, E.G.Dt. Kakinada, E.G.Dt.

(DR. A. SRINIVASA RAO) Chair Person, BOS in Env. Studies Lec. In-Charge, Dept. of Botany & Microbiology P.R.Govt.College (A), Kakinada

syllabus for botany - prgc.ac.in · syllabus for botany ... stelar evolution in pteridophytes e....

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