pervasive & ubiquitous
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Pervasive & Ubiquitous Computing
Hao Chu (朱浩華 )
Lecture #1
2/16/2004
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Outline
• Faculty Intro• Student Intro• What is Pervasive / Ubiquitous Computing?• Course Topics• Course Format• Course Projects• Grading
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Faculty Intro
• New assistant professor (8/1/2003)• Education:
– PhD (1999), Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
– BS (1994), Computer Science, Cornell University
• Previous Work Experience: – Xerox – Intel– NTT DoCoMo USA Labs
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Students Intro
• Please tell us about:– Grade level– Current (future) research area, interests, and faculty
advisor– Background (rating: good, fair, none)
• English (reading, writing, and speaking)• Programming skills (C/C++, Java)• Systems (OS or distributed)• Networking• User Interface• Vision
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Terminology
• What is pervasive & ubiquitous computing (ubicomp)?– Ubiquitous = 到處存在的 ;遍在的– Widespread computing, computing appearing and ha
ppening everywhere
• How to realize ubicomp?– Move beyond desktop computing.– Embed computing into everyday objects.– Integrate (seamlessly connecting) physical objects wit
h virtual environment.– Networking everyday objects.
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Toward Smart Everyday Objects
• Door can greet you by name upon entering.
• Wall can sense temperature, humidity, lighting, and adjust air conditioning, de-humidifier, lighting accordingly.
• Calendar can tell you meeting schedule.
• Pencils can record everything you write.
• Book shelf can tell you the location of the book/paper you need.
• Newspapers update news (according to your interests) every morning.
• Refrigerator can offer recipes and dietary recommendation.
• Clothes can show the latest fashion or monitor your physical/mental health.
• Medicine cabinet can remind you when to take medicines.
• Dresser can give you fashion advices.
• Washing machines and dryers adjust to washing & drying instructions on dirty clothes.
• Credit card will warn if you are spending too much money.
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Ubicomp is the Future …
• “The (Computing) World is not a desktop!” ... Mark Weiser
• Ubicomp is how computing will (should) be used:– in everyday activities – invisibly through embedding in the physical objects (requiring
little user attention)– to create smart, everyday objects through interconnections and
cooperation (with other smart objects)
“A billion people interacting with a million e-businesses through a trillion interconnected intelligent devices.” IBM Chairman (1993 ~ 2002) Lou Gerstner
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Related Fields of Ubicomp
• How does Ubicomp come about? (the evolution path)– Distributed Computing (PC + networks)
• Challenges: performance, scalability, server or network failures, open networks, performance,
– Mobile computing (Mobile devices + wireless networks)
• Challenges: resource-limitation, unpredictable network, power
– Ubicomp (Everyday objects + wireless networks)• Challenges: understanding user intention, heterogeneous
ubicomp environments, invisible user experience, more ..
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Course Topics (Tentative)
• Vision & challenges• Software
infrastructure • Sensors • Context-aware
computing• Security and privacy
• Human experience
• Ubiquitous data access
• Coping with uncertainty
• Social computing• Project Aura• Project Oxygen• (Wearable
Computing)
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Course Objective
• To prepare us (students and faculty) for research in ubicomp.
• (Try to) duplicate experience from similar courses taught at MIT, Stanford, CMU, and Georgia Tech.– Learning by reading papers
• Define problems & challenges• Understand state-of-art techniques & solutions• Identify limitations of state-of-art solutions
– Learning by doing projects• The project must have a research component.
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Collaborative Learning
• This is a research seminar course, so everyone (faculty and students) will contribute to the learning process.– Paper discussion– Paper presentation– Project presentation
• Ubicomp is a new, fast changing field, so faculty may not know all materials!
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(Unusual) Course Format
• Each lecture will discuss 4~5 papers on a specific topic.
• For each paper, – Presenter will write a summary of the paper– Presenter will give an overview of the paper for 20
minutes.– Everyone will join the discussion for 10 minutes.
• I will be the presenter for the papers in the first two lectures.
• Students will sign up for papers for presentation.
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How to read a paper?
• For each paper, try to answer the following questions:– What is the problem?– What is the current state-of-the-art?– What is the key make-a-difference (new) method and
technique?– What is good/bad/ugly about this make-a-difference
method? – What has actually been done?– What is the future work?
• (This may not apply to vision & challenges papers.)
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SWIFI
• We will setup a swifi website (collaborative website).– The assigned presenter must post presentation slides
and paper summary on swifi course page before the lecture starts.
– The assigned presenter will post a discussion summary on the swifi course page after the lecture ends.
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Next Week Reading
• Mark Weiser. "Some Computer Science Problems in Ubiquitous Computing." Communications of the ACM, July 1993.
• Mark Weiser. “Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing.” Communications of the ACM, 36(7):75-85, July 1993.
• Mark Weiser, John S. Brown. "The Coming Age of Calm Technology." 1996.
• M. Satyanarayanan. "Fundamental Challenges in Mobile Computing", Fifteenth ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, May 1996.
• M. Satyanarayanan. “Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges”, In: IEEE Personal Communications. Carnegie Mellon University. (2001).
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Reading Sources
• See Goyal list from http://www.cs.utah.edu/~sgoyal/pervasive
• IEEE Pervasive Computing Magazine (8 Issues)• ACM Ubicomp, ACM Mobisys, ACM Mobicom, ACM
Mobihoc, ACM Sensys, IEEE Percom, Pervasive, SOSP, etc.
• Can also be in any system & networking conferences, UI conferences, etc.
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Project Component
• Do a rapid prototype of an ubicomp application in one semester.
• Phase 1: project idea presentation– Fun, realizable within one semester time framework and
computing equipments, has a research component.
• Phase 2: project proposal document– Form teams, define goals, plan, and needed equipments.
• Phase 3: project working prototype and final report– Working prototype demonstration– Project report detailing motivation, objective, related work,
design, implementation, and evaluation.
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Project Ideas
• References:– Georgia Tech “Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing” (Gregory
Abowd)• http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2003/cs7470_spring/
– MIT Pervasive Computing (Larry Rudolph)• http://www.cag.lcs.mit.edu/classes/6.898/projects.htm
– CMU “Mobile Computing Systems & Applications” (Satya)• http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~15-821/
– Stanford “Mobile and Wireless Networks & Applications” (Mary Baker)
• http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs444n/projects.html
• IEEE Pervasive Magazines– Education & Training articles by Scott F. Midkiff
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Project Idea (1) Library Navigation System
• It can guide a user to the shelf location of a book from a mobile device (shortest path to all books).– Indoor location estimation system
• It can help a librarian find misplaced books on bookshelves from a mobile device.– RFID tags on books
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Project Idea (2) Ubicomp Games
• Players’ physical context drives the games.– Players interact with the games and other players in both
physical and virtual spaces.– Physical world interactions are the “cool/innovative aspects”
(differs from PC-based games).• “Hide and Seek” (Nottingham):
– Runaways and policemen carry GPS-enabled cell phones in a city. Both can see their “approximate locations” on a city map. Policemen run around in a city to catch the runaways (caught if come within some small distance).
• “Ubicomp Doom” (MIT):– Game is projected on the wall.– No mouse and keyboard -> player’s physical movement moves
the virtual player.
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Project Idea (3) Location-based Publish & Subscribe System
s
• A user can use a mobile device to publish & subscribe location-based messages using a mixture of Ad-hoc, WLAN, and Cellular Networks.– The choice of network depends on attributes of
messages (priority, time, byte size, spatial size) and availability of networks.
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Project Idea (4) Classroom Mood Ring (GATech)
• Rings (worn by lecturer or/and audience) change color based on the mood of audience.– Provide hints to lecturer as to
whether audiences are bored, lost, etc. (without asking questions).
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Possible Gadgets & Equipments• HP IPAQ 5500 (Bluetooth + 802.11)• IPAQ Accessories
– Expansion pack, camera, memory card, GPS, GPRS, ..
• Sensors:– Light, tilt, temperature, accelerometer, etc.
• Philgets RFID kits• Berkeley Motes• Projector• 802.11 AP (ekahau.com SW location
estimation)• Use your imagination
– Anything you can find on the network or from your own lab …
– However, budget may be limited
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Project Result Dissemination
• Equipments & gadgets are expensive, so I am looking for corporate funding. In return for their $$$, companies may want to see– Reports made freely available to them & on the Internet– Working prototype demonstrations– Programming platforms may be restricted (e.g., MS)
• Anyone has a problem with this?• These equipments will be on-loan to students.
– You will return them to me in working conditions at the end of course.
– So be very careful with them!
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Grading (Tentative)
• Class Participation (30%)– Quality of paper presentation, paper
summary, and discussion.
• Project (70%)
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Course Requisites
• Class attendance (MUST!)– Please don’t register if you cannot wake up in the morning.
• Good programming skill• Some systems & networking background• Some creativity• Some research experience (if you are not my students)• Willing to spend extra time & efforts than what a regular
course would need• M1 and undergrads, please come & talk with me after
the class.
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Course Homepage(is not up yet.)
I will setup a link from my homepage
http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~hchu
(Click on course link)
Check on Wednesday
Watch for Course Announcements
Download papers
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Thank you