performance analysis of the compression ignition engine...
TRANSCRIPT
Abstract—India is one of the fastest growing economic of the
world. The seventy percent population of India leaves in villages. To
get the uniform development in whole country, there is a demand of
electric power in cities as well as in villages especially in hill areas.
Electric power is the need to maintain the growth of any country.
There is a shortage of electric power especially in rural area of
India. In commissioning of electric power transmission line, there is
a lot of problem especially in hill rural area. So in order to overcome
the problem of supply of electric power in hills of rural area, author
forced to work in this area.
Karanja Biodiesel was produced as per Indian standard. In the
laboratory calorific value and specific gravity were tested. Karanja
biodiesel added with additive ethyl ether as a fuel were used to run
the single cylinder 4-stroke,7.4 Kw C.I engine coupled with electric
generator capacity of 7.5 KVA to produce the electricity power in
the range of 1.5kW to 5 kW. Fuel consumption of Compression
Ignition engine coupled with generator were recorded for no loading,
1.5 kW, 3kW to 5 kW. Overall efficiency of the engine used petro
diesel is higher than the karanja biodiesel and karanja biodiesel
used with additives. It is concluded that by using additive di ethyl
ether in karanja biodiesel, the fuel consumption of the fuel decreases
on the same loading condition.
Keywords— Karanja, Biodiesel, Electric power generator, ,
Overall efficiency.
I. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Following materials and equipments were used.
A. Electric generator set coupled with compression ignition
engine
Single Cylinder 4-Stroke, 7.4 Kw, 1500rpm of kirloskar
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
of 7.5 KVA, PF-0.8, RPM-1500 and 50Hz of Eurogen Italy
was used to produce the electric power. The schematic
diagram of engine generator set up is shown in fig.1.1.
B. Karanja Biodiesel
V.Sahni Department of Mechanical Engineering SLIET
Longowal,Sangrur,Punjab,India.
Seeds of Karanja were collected from the SLIET Longowal
campus and biodiesel was produced by using the
transesterification reaction in the thermal laboratory of
mechanical engineering department of SLIET Longowal as
per Indian standard.
C. Petroleum Diesel
Petroleum Diesel was collected from the local petrol pump.
D. Di Ethyl Ether
To enhance the performance of Compression Ignition engine
karanja biodiesel as a fuel with additive Di ethyl ether was
used. Di ethyl ether was collected from the laboratory.
Fig.1.1Eelectric Generator Set Coupled With Compression
Ignition Engine
II. OBSERVATIONS
Observations were recorded for karanja biodiesel fuel with
die ethyl ether as additive (5%, 10%, and 15%) and
petroleum diesel as fuel in Electric generator set coupled with
compression ignition engine for electric power generation.
A. Petroleum Diesel Fuel For Electric Power Generation
Of 1.5 KW, 3 Kw And 5kw Loading Condition
Electric generator set coupled with compression Ignition
Engine was run using petro diesel as fuel to reach in steady
state without applying load condition. Properties, Calorific
value and specific gravity of petroleum diesel were recorded
as presented in table 2.1. Calorific value and specific gravity
of petroleum diesel were recorded 10080 Kcal/kg and 0.820
Performance Analysis of The Compression
Ignition Engine Using Karanja Biodiesel With
Additive Di Ethyl Ether
Indraj Singh, and V.Sahni
Int'l Conference on Aeronautical, Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME'2015) Aug 25-26, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IAE.IAE0815206 9
respectively. Fuel consumption and overall efficiency of the
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
were recorded at loading condition of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and
5kW as shown in table.2.1
TABLE 2.1
PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION OF 1.5
KW, 3 KW AND 5KW LOADING CONDITIONS
S
.
N
.
Calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Specific
gravity
Power
generati
on
Load
kW
Fuel
consump
tion
(g/hr)
Equivalent
power
consumpti
on(kWh)
Overall
Efficien
cy
(%)
1 10080 0.820 0.1 475 5.56 1.79
2 10080 0.820 1.5 673 7.88 19.03
3 10080 0.820 3 990 11.60 25.86
4 10080 0.820 5 1465 17.17 29.12
B. .Karanja biodiesel fuel used for electric power
generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW loading condition
karanja biodiesel as fuel used in Electric generator set
coupled with compression Ignition Engine and recorded fuel
consumption and overall efficiency at loading condition of 1.5
KW, 3 kW and 5kW as shown in table.2.2.
TABLE 2. 2
KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
S
.
N
o
.
Calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Specific
gravity
Power
generation
Load(kW)
Fuel
consum
ption
(g/hr)
Equivalent
power
consumpti
on(kWh)
Overall
Efficien
cy
(%)
1 8587 0.862 0.1 528 5.27 1.89
2 8587 0.862 1.5 897 8.95 16.75
3 8587 0.862 3 1320 13.18 22.76
4 8587 0.862 5 1900 18.97 26.35
C. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 5% Ether as additive
for electric power generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW
loading condition
Performance of Compression ignition engine coupled with
electric generator set was observed using karanja biodiesel
fuel with 5% ether as additive at loading condition of 1.5
KW, 3 kW and 5kW as shown in table.2.3.
TABLE 2. 3
KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 5% ETHER AS ADDITIVE FOR
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
S.
N
o.
Calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Specific
gravity
Power
generatio
n Load
(kW)
Fuel
consump
tion
(g/hr)
Equivale
nt power
consump
tion
(kWh)
Overall
Efficien
cy
(%)
1 8805 0.842 0.1 516 5.28 1.89
2 8805 0.842 1.5 877 8.98 16.70
3 8805 0.842 3 1560 15.97 18.78
4 8805 0.842 5 1857 19.01 26.30
D. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% Ether as additive
for electric power generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW
loading condition
Fuel consumption and overall efficiency data were recorded
for compression ignition engine coupled with electric
generator set used karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with10 % di
ethyl ether as additive as shown in table 2.4.
TABLE 2.4
KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 10% ETHER AS ADDITIVE
FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
S
.
N
.
Calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Specific
gravity
Power
generatio
n Load
(KW)
Fuel
consump
tion
(g/hr)
Equivalent
power
consumpti
on(kWh)
Overall
Efficien
cy
(%)
1 9053 0.821 0.1 498 5.24 1.90
2 9053 0.821 1.5 846 8.90 16.85
3 9053 0.821 3 1319 13.88 21.26
4 9053 0.821 5 1842 19.39 25.78
E. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% Ether as additive
for electric power generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW
loading condition
To see the effect of di ethyl ether as additive mixed 15%
with karanja biodiesel and used in compression ignition
engine coupled with electric generator set operated at 1.5 kw,
3.0 kw and 5.0 kw loading condition. Fuel consumption and
overall efficiency were recorded as shown in table 2.5.
TABLE 2.5
KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 15% ETHER AS ADDITIVE
FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
S
.
N
o
.
Calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Specific
gravity
Power
generation
Load(kW)
Fuel
consum
ption
(g/hr)
Equivalent
power
consumpti
on(kWh)
Overall
Efficien
cy
(%)
1 9235 0.813 0.1 480 5.15 1.94
2 9235 0.813 1.5 768 8.24 18.20
3 9235 0.813 3 1296 13.91 21.56
4 9235 0.813 5 1776 19.07 26.21
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Experiments were conducted on compression ignition
engine coupled with electric generator and used petroleum
diesel, karanja biodiesel,karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 5%
ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% ether
as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% ether as
additive.
A. Main Effect plot for load Vs Fuel consumption
In compression ignition engine coupled with electric
generator set used petroleum diesel, karanja biodiesel,,karanja
biodiesel fuel mixed with 5% ether as additive, karanja
biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% ether as additive, karanja
biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% ether as additive. Data were
recorded for fuel consumption and compared as shown in
fig.3.1. Petroleum diesel fuel consumption was lowest as
compared with karanja biodiesel,,karanja biodiesel fuel mixed
with 5% ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with
10% ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 15%
ether as additive at loading condition of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and
5kW as shown in fig.3.1.It is also noticed from the fig.3.1,
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
set consumed less fuel as ether additive increased from
5%,10% and 15% in karaanja biodiesel.
Int'l Conference on Aeronautical, Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME'2015) Aug 25-26, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IAE.IAE0815206 10
Fuel Consumption (G/Hr)
Fig.3.1 Main Effect plot for load Vs Fuel consumption
B. Main effect plot for load vs overall efficiency
Petroleum diesel fuel, karanja biodiesel fuel ,karanja
biodiesel fuel with 5% di ethyl ether as additive, karanja
biodiesel fuel with 10% di ethyl ether as additive and karanja
biodiesel fuel with 15% di ethyl ether as additive were used in
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
set at 1.5 kw,3 kw and 5 kw loading condition. It revealed
from research that there is slightly increase in overall
efficiency of compression ignition engine coupled with
electric generator while used karanja biodiesel fuel with 15%
ether as additive as compared to karanja biodiesel fuel used
with 5% and 10% ether as additive. Over all efficiency of the
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
set found higher when used petroleum diesel fuel as
compared to karanja biodiesel fuel and karaanja biodiesel
fuel mixed with 5%,10% and 15% ether as additive as shown
in fig.3.2. Higher calorific value may be the reason for this.
Overall efficiency (%)
Fig.3.2 Main effect plot for load vs overall efficiency
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, following specific
conclusion were drawn. Compression ignition engine coupled
with electric generator set shows that fuel consumption of
karanja biodiesel decrease as additive di ethyl ether increased
from5% to 15%. Research also revealed that there is slightly
increase in overall efficiency of compression ignition engine
coupled with electric generator while used karanja biodiesel
fuel with 15% ether as additive as compared to karanja
biodiesel fuel used with 5% and 10% ether as additive. Over
all efficiency of the engine used petroleum diesel was higher
than the karanja biodiesel fuel and karaanja biodiesel fuel
used with5%, 10% and 15% ether as additives. So it is
concluded that by using additive di ethyl ether in karanja
biodiesel, the fuel consumption of the fuel decreases on the
same loading condition. However overall efficiency of the
compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator
set does not have significant effect while used karanja
biodiesel fuel mixed with ether as additive.
REFERENCES
[1] Foild N,Foidl G,Sanchez M,Mittelbach M,Hackeel S.Jatropha Curcus
L.,as a source for the production of Biofuels in Nicaragua,Bioresour
Technol 58:77-82.
[2] Srivastava A, Prasad R, (2000) Triglycerides based diesel fuels. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev.4:111-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00013-1
[3] Xiu Li Yin, Chuang Zhi Wu, Shan Peng Zheng and Yong Chen, (2002),
“Design and operation of a CFB gasification and power generation system
for rice husk”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol.23, pp.181-187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00042-9
Int'l Conference on Aeronautical, Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME'2015) Aug 25-26, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IAE.IAE0815206 11
[4] A.S.Ramadhas, S.Jayaraj and C.Muraleedharan, (2006), “Power
generation using coir-pith and wood derived producer gas in diesel
engines”Fuel Processing Technology, Vol.87, pp.849-853.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.06.003
[5] Indraj Singh, Hemant kumar and Rakesh Kumar, (2007), “An approach of
replacing conventional fuel by different biomass fuels using downdraft
gasifier”,National conference on recent advances in design, dynamic and
manufacturing, 16-17 March 2007, pp.397-401.
[6] Kalbande S.R,More G.R,Nadre R.G,(2008), Biodiesel Production from
Non edible oils of jatropha and Karanj for utilization in Electrical
Generator,Bioenergy Springer science pp-170-178.
[7] Malik Ashish , Singh Lakhwinder, Singh Indraj (2009) Utilization of
Biomass as Engine Fuels, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research
Volume 68, pp 887-890.
[8] Singh Indraj (2010), Investigation of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel and its
Blends by Adding Additive, paper presented in “Symposium on fuels and
Lubricants” Organized by Indian Oil Research & Development Centre at
India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 2010.
[9] Singh Indraj, (2010) Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using
different Biodiesel fuels, presented in “New Frontiers in Biofuels”
Organized by Delhi Technical University at India Habitat Centre, New
Delhi,2010.
[10] X. Xin, D.X. Liu, L.Q. Wang, L. Wang, (2011), Influence of variable swirl
intake manifolds for DI diesel engine on in-cylinder air motion,Appl Mech
Mater, 130 pp. 95–98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.130-134.95
[11] A.E. Atabani, A.S. Silitonga, I.A. Badruddin, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H.
Masjuki, S. Mekhilef A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an
alternative energy resource and its characteristics,Renew Sust Energy Rev,
16 pp. 2070–2093, (2012).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.003
[12] A.K. Hossain, P.A. Davies. (2012), Performance, emission and
combustion characteristics of an indirect injection (IDI) multi-cylinder
compression ignition (CI) engine operating on neat jatropha and Karanja
oils preheated by jacket water. Biomass Bioenergy, 46 pp. 332–342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.08.007
[13] I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H.H. Masjuki, A.M. Liaquat, R. Ramli, M.A.
Kalam, V.N. Riazuddin,Impact of various biodiesel fuels obtained from
edible and non-edible oils on engine exhaust gas and noise emissions,
Renew Sust Energy Rev, 18 (2013), pp. 552–567.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.036
[14] I. Saad, S.Bari, (2013) Effect by guide vane swirl and tumble device to
improve the air-fuel mixing of diesel engine running with higher viscous
fuels, International mechanical engineering congress & exposition, ASME
2013.
Dr Varider Sahni did his PhD from REC Kurukshetra,
Haryana India. He did his PhD in alternative fuels used in
internal combustion engine.
He has been working in teaching for the last 30 years.He
served as Dean of the SLIET Longowal, a Deemed
university funded by MHRD Govt. of India.He has five
years of experience as Director in a Technical Institute. He
was appointed as member of National Board of
Accreditation and visited many Institutes.
Dr.V.Sahni published more than 30 research papers in different reputed journals,
International and national conferences. He served abroad in different universities.
Email [email protected]
Second Author- Indraj Singh did his M.Tech.from Punjab Technical University
jalandhar Punjab India.He is doing his research work in the field of use of
alternative fuel in compression ignition engine.
He has been working in teaching for the last eighteen years.He has been serving
as Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering SLIET
Longowal sangrur Punjab India.
.
Int'l Conference on Aeronautical, Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME'2015) Aug 25-26, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IAE.IAE0815206 12