PERFORMA EMPAT STRAIN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DI TAMBAK

PAYAU*

Nana S.S.U. Putraa, Imran Lapong

b, Michael A. Rimmer

b,c,*, Sugeng Raharjo

a, Navneet K.

Dhandc

a. Balai Budidaya Air Payau, Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

b. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Field Support Office, Jl. Urip

Sumohardjo No.20, Makassar, Sulawesi Sulawesi, Indonesia

c. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570,

Australia

*Kegiatan Project ACIAR FIS/2007/124 Diversification of Smallholder Coastal Aquaculture In

Indonesia

Balai Budidaya Air payau Takalar Sulawesi Selatan 92254

Jl. Perikanan, Desa Mappakalompo, Kecamatan galesong, Kabupaten Takalar

E-Mail : nana_ssup@yahoo.com

Abstraks

Empat anakan strain nila yang terpilih (Oreochromis niloticus) dievaluasi untuk melihat

produksinya di tambak air payau dalam rangka menyediakan alternative produksi untuk

para pembudidaya udang di Indonesia. Strain yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah

nila GIFT (Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia), Nirwana, Merah, dan anakan hasil

persilangan GESIT(Genetically Enhanced Supermale Indonesian Tilapia) dan GIFT . Nila

dibudidayakan di dalam hapa pada tambak payau tradisional di Desa Salenrang,

Kecamatan Bontoa, Kabupaten Maros. Dua puluh empat hapa, masing-masing 4 m x 10 m,

diletakkan dalam 4 deretan, yang memungkinkan untuk rancangan acak kelompok. Dari

prespektif produksi, melalui analisis REML Strain Merah berperforma terbaik, dengan tingkat

pertumbuhan yang konsiten lebih tinggi dari ketiga strain lainnya (P<0,001), namun karena

harga nila merah rendah di kedua pasar uji (di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Banda Aceh).

Nilai produksi nila merah lebih rendah dibandingkan nila hitam. Dari empat strain yang

diujikan strain hasil persilangan GESIT X GIFT memberikan keuntungan terbaik.

Kelangsungan hidup relative rendah untuk semua strain (39-48%) dan pertumbuhan pada

masa akhir pemeliharaan rendah (SGR <1,5% per hari), karena terjadi penurunan kualitas

air. Salinitas rendah (1 ppt) pada awal pemeliharaan,akan tetapi meningkat terus hingga 21

ppt di akhir pemeliharaan (125 hari). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan kami menyarankan

kepada seluruh pembudidaya untuk membudidayakan anakan hasil persilangan GESIT X

GIFT. Program pemuliaan nila yang toleran terhadap kadar garam terlalu focus pada nila

merah, dan itu mungkin tidak cocok untuk produksi tambak payau di Indonesia, karena nila

hitam lebih disukai pasar.

Key word : Nila Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, air payau

PERFORMANCE OF FOUR STRAINS OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) IN

BRACKHISWATER PONDS

Abstract

Four selectively-bred strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated for

production in brackishwater ponds to provide an alternative production option for shrimp

farmers in Indonesia. The strains used in the trial were: Genetic Improvement of Farmed

Tilapia (GIFT), Nirwana, Red, and a Genetically Enhanced Supermale Indonesian Tilapia

(GESIT) × GIFT cross. Tilapia were cultured in hapa nets in a ‘traditional’ brackishwater

pond in Salenrang village, Bontoa sub-district, Maros district, South Sulawesi. Twenty-four

hapa nets, each 4 m × 10 m, were constructed in six rows of four hapas, allowing a

randomised block design. From a production perspective, the Red strain performed best, with

consistently higher growth rates than the other three strains throughout the trial (REML

analysis, P<0.001). However, because ‘red’ tilapia bring lower market prices in both our test

markets (South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces), the value of production of the Red tilapia

strain was lower than the ‘black’ tilapia strains. Of the four strains, the GESIT×GIFT cross

provided the best economic return. Survival was relatively low for all four strains (39–48%)

and growth during the later stages of the trial was poor (SGR <1.5 %/day), due to water

quality deterioration in the pond. Salinity was low (1 ppt) at the beginning of the trial but

rose steadily due to evaporation and reached 21 ppt by the end of the trial (125 days). Based

on the results of this trial we recommend that farmers culture GESIT or GESIT×GIFT cross

tilapia. Selective breeding programs for saline-tolerant tilapia tend to focus on red tilapia

strains, and these may be unsuitable for brackishwater production in Indonesia due to the

widespread market preference for ‘black’ strains of tilapia.

Key word : Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, brackishwater