people mentioned in cape cod · 1. the jamestown weed (or thorn-ap ple). “this, being an early...

PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD:

CAPTAIN JAMES COOK

“NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Captain James Cook

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/ActiveIndex.pdf

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Contribution to Kouroo Contexture

mailto:[email protected] subject=Contribution to Kouroo Contexture

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD: CAPTAIN JAMES COOK

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CAPE COD: One summer day, since this, I came this way, on foot,along the shore from Boston. It was so warm, that some horses hadclimbed to the very top of the ramparts of the old fort at Hull,where there was hardly room to turn round, for the sake of thebreeze. The datura stramonium, or thorn-apple, was in full bloomalong the beach; and, at sight of this cosmopolite, this CaptainCook among plants, carried in ballast all over the world, I feltas if I were on the highway of nations. Say, rather, this Vikingr,king of the Bays, for it is not an innocent plant; it suggestsnot merely commerce, but its attendant vices, as if its fibreswere the stuff of which pirates spin their yarns. I heard thevoices of men shouting aboard a vessel, half a mile from theshore, which sounded as if they were in a barn in the country,they being between the sails. It was a purely rural sound.As I looked over the water, I saw the isles rapidly wasting away,the sea nibbling voraciously at the continent, the springing archof a hill suddenly interrupted, as at Point Allerton –whatbotanists might call premorse– showing, by its curve against thesky, how much space it must have occupied, where now was wateronly. On the other hand, these wrecks of isles were beingfancifully arranged into new shores, as at Hog Island, inside ofHull, where every thing seemed to be gently lapsing into futurity.This isle had got the very form of a ripple, –and I thought thatthe inhabitants should bear a ripple for device on their shields,a wave passing over them, with the datura, which is said to producemental alienation of long duration without affecting the bodilyhealth,1 springing from its edge.

1. The Jamestown weed (or thorn-apple). “This, being an early plant, was gathered very young for a boiledsalad, by some of the soldiers sent thither [i.e. to Virginia] to quell the rebellion of Bacon; and some ofthem ate plentifully of it, the effect of which was a very pleasant comedy, for they turned natural fools uponit for several days: one would blow up a feather in the air; another would dart straws at it with much fury;and another, stark naked, was sitting up in a corner like a monkey, grinning and making mows at them; afourth would fondly kiss and paw his companions, and sneer in their faces, with a countenance more anticthan any in a Dutch droll. In this frantic condition they were confined, lest they should, in their folly, destroythemselves, –though it was observed that all their actions were full of innocence and good nature. Indeed,they were not very cleanly. A thousand such simple tricks they played, and after eleven days returned tothemselves again, not remembering anything that had passed.”– Beverley’s HISTORY OF VIRGINIA, p. 121.

CAPTAIN COOK

PEOPLE OFCAPE COD

BEVERLEY

DATURA STRAMONIUM

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/thumbnails/T/HDT.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/explanation.pdf


http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/CAPE/PeopleMentionedInCAPE.pdf


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CAPE COD: It has been a constant traveller’s tale and perhapsslander, now for thousands of years, the Latins and Greeks haverepeated it, that this or that nation feeds its cattle, or horses,or sheep, on fish, as may be seen in Œlian and Pliny, but in theJournal of Nearchus, who was Alexander’s admiral, and made avoyage from the Indus to the Euphrates three hundred and twentysix years before Christ, it is said that the inhabitants of aportion of the intermediate coast, whom he called Ichthyophagi orFish-eaters, not only ate fishes raw and also dried and poundedin a whale’s vertebra for a mortar and made into a paste, but gavethem to their cattle, there being no grass on the coast; andseveral modern travellers, - Braybosa, Niebuhr, and others makethe same report. Therefore in balancing the evidence I am stillin doubt about the Provincetown cows. As for other domesticanimals, Captain King in his continuation of Captain Cook’sJournal in 1779, says of the dogs of Kamtschatka, “Their food inthe winter consists entirely of the head, entrails, and backbonesof salmon, which are put aside and dried for that purpose; andwith this diet they are fed but sparingly.” (Cook’s Journal, Vol.VII. p. 315.)As we are treating of fishy matters, let me insert what Plinysays, that “the commanders of the fleets of Alexander the Greathave related that the Gedrosi, who dwell on the banks of the riverArabis, are in the habit of making the doors of their houses withthe jaw-bones of fishes, and raftering the roofs with theirbones.” Strabo tells the same of the Ichthyophagi. “Hardouinremarks, that the Basques of his day were in the habit of fencingtheir gardens with the ribs of the whale, which sometimes exceededtwenty feet in length; and Cuvier says, that at the present timethe jaw-bone of the whale is used in Norway for the purpose ofmaking beams or posts for buildings.” (Bohn’s ed. trans. of Pliny,Vol. II. p. 361. Herodotus says the inhabitants on Lake Prasiasin Thrace (living on piles), “give fish for fodder to their horsesand beasts of burden.”

STRABO

HERODOTUS

CAPTAIN COOK

PEOPLE OFCAPE COD




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/CAPE/PeopleMentionedInCAPE.pdf


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PEOPLE OFWALDEN

WALDEN: Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cookedfood; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth offire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose thepresent necessity to sit by it. We observe cats and dogs acquiringthe same second nature. By proper Shelter and Clothing welegitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess ofthese, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater thanour own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra delFuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sittingclose to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, whowere farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, “to bestreaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting.” So,we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, whilethe European shivers in his clothes. Is it impossible to combinethe hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of thecivilized man? According to Liebig, man’s body is a stove, andfood the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion the lungs.In cold weather we eat more, in warm less. The animal heat is theresult of a slow combustion, and disease and death take place whenthis is too rapid; or for want of fuel, or from some defect inthe draught, the fire goes out. Of course the vital heat is notto be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. It appears,therefore, from the above list, that the expression, animal life,is nearly synonymous with the expression, animal heat; for whileFood may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire withinus, –and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase thewarmth of our bodies by addition from without, –Shelter andClothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated andabsorbed.

CAPTAIN COOK




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/WALDEN/PeopleOfWALDEN.pdf


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October 27, Sunday (Old Style): James Cook was born in Yorkshire, England.

NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT

1728

Captain James Cook “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project







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James Cook was appointed King’s Surveyor for Newfoundland. From this year until 1785, Michael Lane, Captain Cook’s assistant and successor, would be extending his work in Newfoundland and along the southern coast of Labrador.

LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD?— NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES.

LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD.

1764

CARTOGRAPHY








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May 25, Wednesday: Captain James Cook set off on his 1st voyage of discovery:

Accompanying Cook was the naturalist Joseph Banks, who would collect tens of thousands of plant and animal specimens and initiate the exchange of flora and fauna between Europe, the Americas, and the South Seas.

JOURNAL: RIVER THAMES, Friday, May 27th, to Friday, July 29th.Moderate and fair weather; at 11 a.m. hoisted the Pendant, andtook charge of the Ship, agreeable to my Commission of the 25thinstant, she lying in the Bason in Deptford Yard. From this dayto the 21st of July we were constantly employed in fitting theShip, taking on board Stores and Provisions, etc. The same daywe sailed from Deptford and anchored in Gallions reach, were weremained until the 30th. The transactions of Each Day, bothwhile we lay here and at Deptford, are inserted in the Log Book,and as they contain nothing but common Occurrences, it wasthought not necessary to insert them here.

DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD.

1768

THE SCIENCE OF 1768

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. I







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1768_in_science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks


http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesI.pdf


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During this year, Captain James Cook was sailing around:

JOURNAL: Sunday, January 1st, 1769. First and Latter part, freshbreezes and Clear weather; in the Middle, light Airs and Calm.At Noon, longitude in per 4 Sets of Observations between the sunand moon 61 degrees 8 minutes 28 seconds west. The Differencebetween the least and Greatest of these sets was 8 minutes, andthe mean of 2 differs from the Mean of the whole but 32 seconds.The Longitude by account carried on from the last Observationsexactly agree with these Observations. Saw a great number ofsmall Whales about the Ship. Wind South to West-South-West;course South 36 degrees West; distance 39 miles; latitude 43degrees 35 minutes South; longitude 61 degrees 8 minutes 28seconds West.

CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT

1769

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. II








http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesII.pdf


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April 19, Thursday: Austrian Archduchess Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna got married by proxy with Louis, le Dauphin before the Papal Nuncio in Vienna. Louis was proxied by one of Maria’s brothers. Maria would henceforward be known as Marie Antoinette, Dauphine of France.

Leopold and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were guests of Prince San Angelo of Naples, in Rome. They met the Scottish Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart.

Australia was “discovered” by the British (though the Dutch had already named the area New Holland and had experienced at least 15 landings since 1606). Captain James Cook had in 1768 set out on the Endeavor on a scientific mission, with the young naturalists Joseph Banks and Daniel Charles Solander (a pupil of Carl von Linné), as well as artists. On April 29, 1770, his ship stood into Botany Bay, which Cook originally called Sting Ray Harbor — but the great collection of new botanical materials by Banks and Solander provoked him to change the name.

JOURNAL: THURSDAY, 19th. In the P.M. had fresh Gales at South-South-West and Cloudy Squally weather, with a large SoutherlySea; at 6 took in the Topsails, and at 1 A.M. brought too andSounded, but had no ground with 130 fathoms of line. At 5, setthe Topsails close reef’d, and 6, saw land1 extending from North-East to West, distance 5 or 6 Leagues, having 80 fathoms, fine

1770

1. The south-east coast of Australia. See chart.

BOTANIZING







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sandy bottom. We continued standing to the Westward with theWind at South-South-West until 8, at which time we gotTopgallant Yards a Cross, made all sail, and bore away alongshore North-East for the Eastermost land we had in sight, beingat this time in the Latitude of 37 degrees 58 minutes South, andLongitude of 210 degrees 39 minutes West. The Southermost pointof land we had in sight, which bore from us West 1/4 South, Ijudged to lay in the Latitude of 38 degrees 0 minutes South andin the Longitude of 211 degrees 7 minutes West from the Meridianof Greenwich. I have named it Point Hicks, because LieutenantHicks was the first who discover’d this Land. To the Southwardof this point we could see no land, and yet it was clear in thatQuarter, and by our Longitude compared with that of Tasman’s,the body of Van Diemen’s land ought to have bore due South fromus, and from the soon falling of the Sea after the wind abatedI had reason to think it did; but as we did not see it, andfinding the Coast to trend North-East and South-West, or rathermore to the Westward, makes me Doubtfull whether they are oneland or no.2 However, every one who compares this Journal withthat of Tasman’s will be as good a judge as I am; but it isnecessary to observe that I do not take the Situation ofVandiemen’s from the Printed Charts, but from the extract ofTasman’s Journal, published by Dirk Rembrantse. At Noon we werein the Latitude of 37 degrees 50 minutes and Longitude of 210degrees 29 minutes West. The extreams of the Land extending fromNorth-West to East-North-East, a remarkable point, bore North20 degrees East, distant 4 Leagues. This point rises to a roundhillock very much like the Ramhead going into Plymouth sound,on which account I called it by the same name; Latitude 37degrees 39 minutes, Longitude 210 degrees 22 minutes West. TheVariation by an Azimuth taken this morning was 8 degrees 7minutes East. What we have as yet seen of this land appearsrather low, and not very hilly, the face of the Country greenand Woody, but the Sea shore is all a white Sand.

THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

2. Had not the gale on the day before forced Cook to run to the northward, he would have made the north end of the Furneaux Group, and probably have discovered Bass Strait, which would have cleared up the doubt, which he evidently felt, as to whether Tasmania was an island or not. The fact was not positively known until Dr. Bass sailed through the Strait in a whale-boat in 1797. Point Hicks was merely a rise in the coast-line, where it dipped below the horizon to the westward, and the name of Point Hicks Hill is now borne by an elevation that seems to agree with the position.








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June 8, Friday: The ship of Captain James Cook, the HMS Endeavour, visited Coonanglebah, a double-peaked 3 or 4 square mile piece of rain-forest paradise in the latitude the Great Barrier Reef, a mere 21/2 miles from the Queensland mainland of Australia, and the intrepid captain immediately redesignated the island as Dunk.3

JOURNAL: Friday, 8th. Winds at South-South-East and South; firstpart light Airs, the remainder a Gentle breeze. In the P.M. wesaw several large smokes upon the Main, some people, Canoes,and, as we thought, Cocoa Nut Trees upon one of the Islands;and, as a few of these Nutts would have been very acceptable tous at this Time, I sent Lieutenant Hicks ashore, with whom wentMr. Banks and Dr. Solander, to see what was to be got. In theMeantime we keept Standing in for the Island with the Ship. At7 they returned on board, having met with Nothing worthObserving. The Trees we saw were a small kind of Cabbage Palms.They heard some of the Natives as they were putting off from theShore, but saw none. After the Boat was hoisted in we stood awayNorth by West for the Northermost land we had in sight, whichwe were abreast of at 3 o’Clock in the Morning, having passedall the Islands 3 or 4 hours before. This point I have namedPoint Hillock,4 on account of its Figure. The Land of this pointis Tolerable high, and may be known by a round Hillock or rockthat appears to be detached from the point, but I believe itjoins to it. Between this Cape and Cape Cleveland the shore formsa Large bay, which I named Hallifax bay;5 before it lay theGroups of Islands before mentioned, and some others nearer theShore. These Islands shelter the Bay in a manner from all Winds,in which is good Anchorage. The land near the Shore in the bottomof the bay is very low and Woody; but a little way back in theCountry is a continued ridge of high land, which appear’d to bebarren and rocky. Having passed Point Hillock, we continuedstanding to the North-North-West as the land Trended, having theAdvantage of a light Moon. At 6 a.m. we were abreast of a pointof Land which lies North by West 1/2 West, 11 Miles from PointHillick; the Land between them is very high, and of a craggy,barren surface. This point I named Cape Sandwich;6 it may notonly be known by the high, craggy land over it, but by a smallIsland which lies East one Mile from it, and some others about2 Leagues to the Northward of it. From Cape Sandwich the Landtrends West, and afterwards North, and forms a fine, Large Bay,which I called Rockingham Bay;7 it is well Shelter’d, and affordsgood Anchorage; at least, so it appear’d to me, for having metwith so little encouragement by going ashore that I would notwait to land or examine it farther, but continued to range alongShore to the Northward for a parcel of Small Islands8 laying offthe Northern point of the Bay, and, finding a Channel of a Milebroad between the 3 Outermost and those nearer the Shore, wepushed thro’. While we did this we saw on one of the nearestIslands a Number of the Natives collected together, who seem’dto look very attentively upon the Ship; they were quite naked,

3. This naming was not, as has sometimes been supposed, in honor of Captain Cook’s patron, George Montagu the 4th Earl of Sandwich and the the 2d Baron and 1st Earl of Halifax, the 1st Lord of the Admiralty, and most definitely not in honor of the noble re-inventor of that Roman delight, the sandwich, the 1st Earl of Sandwich, but in honor of that dignitary the 4th Earl of Sandwich’s son John Montagu, who had upon receiving a bequest from the family of Sir Thomas Dunk adopted Dunk as a surname.4. Point Hillock is the east point of Hinchinbrook Island, which is separated from the main by a narrow and tortuous channel.5. The Earl of Halifax was Secretary of State 1763 to 1765.6. Earl of Sandwich was First Lord of the Admiralty 1763.7. The Marquis of Rockingham was Prime Minister 1765 to 1766.8. The Family Islands.





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and of a very Dark Colour, with short hair. At noon we were byobservation in the Latitude of 17 degrees 59 minutes, andabreast of the North point of Rockingham Bay, which bore fromus West 2 Miles. This boundry of the Bay is form’d by a Tolerablehigh Island, known in the Chart by the Name of Dunk Isle; itlays so near the Shore as not to be distinguished from it unlessyou are well in with the Land. At this time we were in theLongitude of 213 degrees 57 minutes. Cape Sandwich bore Southby East 1/2 East, distant 19 Miles, and the northermost land insight North 1/2 West. Our depth of Water in the Course of thisday’s Sail was not more than 16, nor less than 7, fathoms.9

June 11, Monday: The ship of Captain James Cook, the HMS Endeavour, ran onto the Great Barrier Reef off Australia.

JOURNAL: Monday, 11th. Wind at East-South-East, with which westeer’d along shore North by West at the distance of 3 or 4Leagues off, having from 14 to 10 and 12 fathoms water. Saw 2Small Islands in the Offing, which lay in the Latitude of 16degrees 0 minutes South, and about 6 or 7 Leagues from the Main.At 6 the Northermost land in sight bore North by West 1/2 West,and 2 low, woody Islands,10 which some took to be rocks aboveWater, bore North 1/2 West. At this time we shortened Sail, andhauld off shore East-North-East and North-East by East, closeupon a Wind. My intention was to stretch off all Night as wellto avoid the danger we saw ahead as to see if any Islands layin the Offing, especially as we now begun to draw near theLatitude of those discover’d by Quiros, which some Geographers,for what reason I know not, have thought proper to Tack to thisland. Having the advantage of a fine breeze of wind, and a clearMoon light Night in standing off from 6 until near 9 o Clock,we deepned our Water from 14 to 21 fathoms, when all at once wefell into 12, 10 and 8 fathoms. At this time I had everybody attheir Stations to put about and come to an Anchor; but in thisI was not so fortunate, for meeting again with Deep Water, Ithought there could be no danger in standing on.11 Before 10o’Clock we had 20 and 21 fathoms, and Continued in that depthuntil a few minutes before 11, when we had 17, and before theMan at the Lead could heave another cast, the Ship Struck andstuck fast. Immediately upon this we took in all our Sails,hoisted out the Boats and Sounded round the Ship, and found thatwe had got upon the South-East Edge of a reef of Coral Rocks,having in some places round the Ship 3 and 4 fathoms Water, andin other places not quite as many feet, and about a Ship’s lengthfrom us on the starboard side (the Ship laying with her Head tothe North-East) were 8, 10, and 12 fathoms. As soon as the Longboat was out we struck Yards and Topmast, and carried out theStream Anchor on our Starboard bow, got the Coasting Anchor andCable into the Boat, and were going to carry it out in the same

9. About here the Great Barrier Reefs begin to close in on the land. Cook kept so close to the latter that he was unconscious as yet of their existence; but he was soon to find them.10. Hope Islands.11. The ship passed just northward of Pickersgill Reef.








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way; but upon my sounding the 2nd time round the Ship I foundthe most water a Stern, and therefore had this Anchor carriedout upon the Starboard Quarter, and hove upon it a very greatStrain; which was to no purpose, the Ship being quite fast, uponwhich we went to work to lighten her as fast as possible, whichseem’d to be the only means we had left to get her off. As wewent ashore about the Top of High Water we not only startedwater, but threw overboard our Guns, Iron and Stone Ballast,Casks, Hoop Staves, Oil Jarrs, decay’d Stores, etc.; many ofthese last Articles lay in the way at coming at Heavier. Allthis time the Ship made little or no Water. At 11 a.m., beinghigh Water as we thought, we try’d to heave her off withoutSuccess, she not being afloat by a foot or more, notwithstandingby this time we had thrown overboard 40 or 50 Tuns weight. Asthis was not found sufficient we continued to Lighten her byevery method we could think off; as the Tide fell the ship beganto make Water as much as two pumps could free: at Noon she laywith 3 or 4 Streakes heel to Starboard; Latitude observed 15degrees 45 minutes South.

August: The expedition of Captain James Cook, while exploring the east coast of Australia, noted the relative insensitivity of the aboriginal inhabitants to cold.

Henry Thoreau would consult the Concord Social Library’s copy of this, and insert material into his Factbook and into his Indian Notebook #12.12 He would acquire for instance a piece of information from page 214 of Volume II that shows up in his journal for the fall and winter of 1845/1846 as “Clothing — shelter — & fuel warm us outwardly– I have read that the New Hollander goes naked in a pretty cold winter — and warms his body by putting his feet close to a hot fire — though the rest of his body may be in frost–,” that he would find of use for his WALDEN; OR, LIFE IN THE WOODS manuscript, in the following truncated form:

12. The original notebooks are held by the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, as manuscripts #596 through #606. There are photocopies, made by Robert F. Sayre in the 1930s, in four boxes at the University of Iowa Libraries, accession number MsC 795. More recently, Bradley P. Dean, PhD and Paul Maher, Jr. have attempted to work over these materials.


HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IIHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IIIHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IVHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VI

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VII








http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesIII.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesIV.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesV.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesVI.pdf

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/21/1821_CookVoyagesVII.pdf


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“the New Hollander goes naked with impunity,while the European shivers in his clothes.”13

13. By “New Hollander” here is intended of course “Australian aborigine,” Australia having been known in Captain Cook’s era as New Holland just as the landmass to the east of it was known, and still is known, as New Zealand.




This illustration is from a later timeframe, but does depict the typical sleeping arrangements of the natives of this coast as earlier described in Captain Cook’s journal.


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PEOPLE OFWALDEN


CAPTAIN COOK






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July 12, Wednesday: On what would become Henry Thoreau’s birthday, His Majesty’s Bark Endeavour, captained by James Cook, sailed back into the harbor of Downs, England. Of the original 96 passengers and crew, 55 were returning — in that era such a statistic was extraordinary.

JOURNAL: Friday, 12th. Winds at South-West, a fresh Gale, withwhich we run briskly up Channel. At 1/2 past 3 p.m. passed theBill of Portland, and at 7 Peverell Point; at 6 a.m. passedBeachy head at the distance of 4 or 5 miles; at 10 Dungeness,at the distance of 2 miles, and at Noon we were abreast of Dover.

August 14, Wednesday: Nicolò Jommelli suffered a major paralytic stroke in Naples. He would survive, gradually regaining his speech and use of his right arm.

James Cook was presented to King George III at St. James’ Palace, London. His Highness promoted him and gave himcommand of HMS Scorpion.

1771

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. II






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From this year into 1775, Captain James Cook’s 2d voyage to the Pacific.

At 18 years of age, Johann Georg Adam Forster would sail with his father Johann Reinhold Forster on this 2d circumnavigation of the globe.

July 13, Monday: Captain James Cook set off with two ships, Resolution and Adventure, from Plymouth, England on his 2d expedition to the South Seas, this time in search of the “southern continent.”

THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

1772

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IIIHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IV









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Forster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Forster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Reinhold_Forster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Reinhold_Forster


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In this year (and then again in 1779) Captain James Cook would sight and land on many of the islands of the southern group of what eventually would become known as the Cook Islands (but he would not glimpse Rarotonga). He would designate the group the Hervey Islands.

January 17, Sunday: Exsultate, jubilate K.165, a solo motet by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was performed for the initial time, in the Church of the Theatines, Milan. It had been composed for Venanzio Rauzzini, primo uomo in the Milan opera.

The expedition led by James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle at 39° E longitude (1st Europeans to do so).

January 18, Monday: After reaching a farthest south of 66° and experiencing solid pack ice, Captain Cook’s expedition turned back.

In Stockholm, The Swedish Royal Opera gave its inaugural performance.

The town of Acton voted to protest the fact that, while the general tenor of the times was that it was a wrong that the American colonies of England were being taxed by that Parliament over there on the other side of the pond without being allowed to have any representatives in said Parliament over there, the town of Acton was being taxed by the Boston government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony without being allowed to have any representative in said “General Court.” Hey, guys, what’s wrong is wrong, was the point they were trying to make.

As early as the 21st of December, 1767, the town [of Acton] votedto “comply with the proposals, by the town of Boston, relatingto the encouraging of manufactures among ourselves, and notpurchasing of superfluities from abroad.” On the 5th of March,

1773


THE FROZEN SOUTH

THE FROZEN SOUTH







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1770, the town entered into a covenant not to purchase nor useforeign merchandise, nor tea.The state of public affairs was again brought before the townon the 21st of December, 1772, and referred to a committee,consisting of Capt. Daniel Fletcher, Francis Faulkner, DeaconJonathan Hosmer, Deacon John Brooks, Josiah Hayward, EphraimHapgood, Captain Samuel Hayward, Simon Tuttle, and DanielBrooks. Their report was made on the 18th of the following month,and expresses the general sentiments of the people in thisvicinity.At this time the town had no representative in the General Court,and a vote was passed recommending to the representatives of thepeople, that they use every constitutional measure in theirpower to obtain a redress of all their grievances.14

March 25, Thursday: The expedition of Captain James Cook reached New Zealand, where they would over-winter.

October 1, Friday: Captain James Cook arrived at the Friendly Islands (Tonga) at Eau, which had not been visited by Europeans since Captain Tasman in 1643.

14. Lemuel Shattuck’s 1835 A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CONCORD;.... Boston: Russell, Odiorne, and Company; Concord MA: John Stacy(On or about November 11, 1837 Henry Thoreau would indicate a familiarity with the contents of at least pages 2-3 and 6-9 of this historical study.)




http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/35/1835_HistoryOfConcord/DrShattuck1835_CONTENTS.pdf


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Captain James Cook’s record of his 2d voyage, one enabled by the possession of a chronometer, AVOYAGE TOWARDS THE SOUTH POLE, AND ROUND THE WORLD PERFORMED IN HIS MAJESTY’S SHIPS THE RESOLUTION AND ADVENTURE IN THE YEARS 1772, 1773, 1774, AND 1775 (London: W. Strahan and Y. Cadell, 2 volumes):

January 30, Sunday: Captain James Cook’s expedition reached a furthest south of 71° 10’ at longitude 106° west, at which point it was stopped by ice. No one would again reach this far south for the following 49 years. They turned north satisfied that they had been able to glimpse no “great southern continent.”

March 11, Friday: Captain James Cook’s expedition reached Easter Island, the 3d European venture to do so. He found the island being called Vaihou and referred to it as “Davis’s Land” after a pirate report that was perhaps in error. (In 1722 Captain Jacob Roggeveen had arrived for a few days. Then in 1770 the island had been visited by a couple of vessels from Peru, the San Lorenzo and the Santa Rosalia.)

April 7, Thursday: Captain James Cook’s expedition reached the Marquesas Islands at Fafu Huku, previously unknown. Eventually they would anchor at Santa Christina (Tahu-ata).

1774


THE FROZEN SOUTH







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July 17, Sunday: John Wilbur was born in Hopkinton, Rhode Island (a small town at the state line with Connecticut) as a birthright Friend. As a minuted speaker of the Religious Society of Friends, Friend John would hold with whatever he chose to consider to be the original and therefore righteous religious views of the group, and stand forthrightly in opposition to the introduction of any novelty at variance with his chosen tradition. The hard decisions of life –what to believe and how to behave– he thus simplified into “traditionalist” decisions as to which aspects of the Quaker tradition were to be considered essential and definitive and were therefore to be attended to and honored and endlessly imitated, versus which aspects he might simply ignore as incidental historical detail. Such decisions as to which elements of tradition to honor would come to us as new light, and probably would be but need not be fully in accord with previously accepted interpretations of Scripture. (Well, what can I tell you — while such an approach might seem pitiful to some, apparently this would be good enough for him, and would gain him “Wilburites.”)

Captain James Cook’s expedition reached Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu, the 3d European expedition to visit (in 1606 Captain Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, then in 1768 Captain Louis Antoine de Bougainville). Captain Cook would lead the 1st circumnavigation and charting of this entire group, and would designate them the “New Hebrides.”

September 5, Monday: Captain James Cook’s ship Resolution dropped anchor at New Caledonia.

Pursuing Russian troops caught up to the forces of Pugachev south of Tsaritsyn (Volgograd). The surviving rebels scattered in flight (although Pugachev escaped, effectively this ended the rebellion).

The 1st Continental Congress began in Philadelphia (to October 26th). All the North American colonies except Georgia were represented. Peyton Randolph of Virginia was elected president. George Washington was a delegate.

The daily proceedings as intended for public dissemination would be kept by the office of its secretary, Charles Thomson, and printed contemporaneously. (A set of “Secret Journals” would be held from the American public until 1821.)

CONTINETAL CONGRESS




http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/contcong/contcong.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu


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Captain James Cook –whose 2d voyage was being greatly convenienced by having onboard a phenomenally accurate new naval chronometer which enabled him to calculate from the celestial phenomena his vessel’s position with great accuracy– was able to explore in South Atlantic waters, discovering South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands.

1775

Antarctic Explorations

Date Explorer Discovery

1738 Jean-Baptise Bouvet (French) Bouvet Island

1772 Yves-Joseph Kerguelen (French) Kerguelen Islands

1775 James Cook (British) South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

1821 Nathanael Palmer (American) Antarctic Peninsula

1821 Fabian von Bellingshausen (Russian) Peter I Island, Alexander Island

1824 James Weddell (British) Weddell Sea

1840 Dumont d’Urville (French) Adelie Land








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1841 James Clark Ross (British) Mt. Erebus, Victoria Land, Ross Ice Shelf

1842 Charles Wilkes (American) Wilkes Land

Antarctic Explorations

Date Explorer Discovery

THE FROZEN SOUTH





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January 16, Monday: The expedition of Captain James Cook aboard Resolution discovered and named Willis Island and Bird Island, and rediscovered and renamed South Georgia. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were claimed for Great Britain.

The Reverend Asa Dunbar recorded in his journal: “Preached at ye Hospital upon chearfulness [sic].”

That evening, the remains of Giovanni Battista Sammartini were placed in the Church of San Alessandro, Milan.





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January 26, Thursday: The expedition of Captain James Cook aboard Resolution discovered the southern end of the South Sandwich Islands (southernmost land yet known).

In an effort to wipe out the memory of the Pugachev revolt, Empress Ekaterina renamed the Yaik River as the Ural River (it has become the Zhayya River), and renamed Yaitsk as Uralsk (now Oral).

25th, 7th Month: “Jeremiah Thomas hath listed as a soldier, which being directly opposite to the peaceable principle we profess, we do disown him to be any longer under our care as a member of our Society, and order a copy of this Minute to be read by our Clerk at the close of a First Day Meeting at Portsmouth between this and our next Monthly Meeting and make return to the Meeting.”

Captain James Cook’s Resolution returned to England at the completion of a 2d world adventure. During 3 years of exploration of the southern waters of the terrestrial globe the expedition had lost but 4 men — an unprecedented feat.

THE FROZEN SOUTH

RHODE ISLAND

QUAKER DISOWNMENT

THE QUAKER PEACE TESTIMONY





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From this year into 1779, Captain James Cook would be on his 3d voyage; on his way through the Pacific he would land in Hawaii and be brained by islanders.

WHAT I’M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MINDYOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF

1776

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VI












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July 12, Friday: On what would become Henry Thoreau’s birthday, one of Thoreau’s remote relatives, the inventor William Dunbar of Mississippi,15 recorded in his journal with a sense of hurt and amazement that there had been a slave rebellion on his plantation: “Judge my surprise ... Of what avail is kindness & good usage when rewarded by such ingratitude.” When he would manage to recover his runaways, he would have them lashed with a hundred strokes, five different times so that they would have a chance to survive for the next lashing, for a total of 500 blows each, “and to carry a chain & log fixt to the ancle.”

Toni Morrison has suggested that by disciplining black savagery in this extreme manner, what Dunbar was doing was demonstrating his white gentlemanliness: “[W]hatever his social status in London, in the New World he is a gentleman. More gentle, more man. The site of his transformation is within rawness: he is backgrounded by savagery.”16

Captain James Cook set sail in the Resolution from Plymouth on a 3d voyage to the southern oceans, to be joined later by the Discovery.

Five British ships proceeded up the Hudson River past the American shore batteries to anchor unmolested at Tarrytown.

December 24, Tuesday: Captain James Cook’s expedition arrived at the Kerguelen group in the south Indian Ocean. He recorded, “Perhaps no place ... under the same ... latitude, affords so scanty a field for the naturalist as this barren spot.”

15. Named, presumably, in honor of the famous Scottish poet William Dunbar, he invented the screw press that made possible the square baling of cotton.

16. To at all grasp the force of Morrison’s argument here, you will need to make a careful study of her PLAYING IN THE DARK: WHITENESS AND THE LITERARY IMAGINATION (NY: Vintage Books, 1992). This is on page 44.

READ DUNBAR’S POEMS

CLAN DUNBAR

DUNBAR FAMILY




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dunbar_(explorer)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Dunbar

http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/19/00DECADE/07/1907_WilliamDunbarPOEMS.pdf


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Captain James Cook’s account of his 2d voyage, during which he had sailed around the world in a previously unknown latitude, crossing the Antarctic circle and only narrowly missing the Antarctic continent itself –the voyage which had amounted to our 1st scientific exploration of the South Polar regions– was published in London as A VOYAGE TOWARDS THE SOUTH POLE AND ROUND THE WORLD PERFORMED IN HIS MAJESTY’S SHIPS THE RESOLUTION AND ADVENTURE IN THE YEARS 1772, 1773, 1774, AND 1775:

1777








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Capt. James Cook explored the west coast of North America.

1778

Arctic Explorations

Date Explorer Nation Discovery

1501 Gaspar Corte Real Portuguese Newfoundland

1536 Jacques Cartier French St. Lawrence River, Gaspe Peninsula

1553 Richard Chancellor English White Sea

1556 Stephen Burrough English Kara Sea

1576 Martin Frobisher English Frobisher Bay

1582 Humphrey Gilbert English Newfoundland

1587 John Davis English Davis Strait

1597 Willem Barents Dutch Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemyla

1611 Henry Hudson English Hudson Bay

1616 William Baffin English Ellesmere and Devon Islands

1632 Thomas James English James Bay

1741 Vitus Bering Russian Alaska

1772 Samuel Hearne English Coppermine River to the Arctic Ocean

1779 James Cook British Vancouver Island, Nootka Sound

1793 Alexander Mackenzie English Bella Coola River to the Pacific

1825 Edward Parry British Cornwallis, Bathurst, Melville Islands

1833 John Ross British North Magnetic Pole

1845 John Franklin British King William Island

1854 Robert McClure British Banks Island, Viscount Melville Sound



THE FROZEN NORTH

CARTOGRAPHY








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Captain James Cook, English explorer and navigator, was killed in the island chain he had renamed in honor of his benefactor, Lord Sandwich, upon his return from an unsuccessful search of the northwest coast of North America for a passage to the Atlantic:

Old “Mr. Bingham” spoke very little English– almost none, andneither knew how to read nor write; but he was the bestheartedold fellow in the world. He must have been over fifty years ofage, and had two of his front teeth knocked out, which was doneby his parents as a sign of grief at the death of Kamehameha,the great king of the Sandwich Islands. We used to tell him thathe ate Captain Cook, and lost his teeth in that way. That wasthe only thing that ever made him angry. He would always be quiteexcited at that; and say– “Aole!” (no.) “Me no eat Captain Cook!Me pikinini– small– so high– no more! My father see Captain Cook!Me– no!” None of them liked to have anything said about CaptainCook, for the sailors all believe that he was eaten, and that,they cannot endure to be taunted with.– “New Zealand Kanaka eatwhite man;– Sandwich Island Kanaka,– no. Sandwich Island Kanakaua like pu na haole– all ’e same a’ you!”

1779

Arctic Explorations


1501 Gaspar Corte Real Portuguese Newfoundland

1536 Jacques Cartier French St. Lawrence River, Gaspe Peninsula

1553 Richard Chancellor English White Sea

1556 Stephen Burrough English Kara Sea

1576 Martin Frobisher English Frobisher Bay

1582 Humphrey Gilbert English Newfoundland

1587 John Davis English Davis Strait

1597 Willem Barents Dutch Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemyla

1611 Henry Hudson English Hudson Bay

1616 William Baffin English Ellesmere and Devon Islands

1632 Thomas James English James Bay

THE FROZEN NORTH










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1741 Vitus Bering Russian Alaska

1772 Samuel Hearne English Coppermine River to the Arctic Ocean

1779 James Cook British Vancouver Island, Nootka Sound

1793 Alexander Mackenzie English Bella Coola River to the Pacific

1825 Edward Parry British Cornwallis, Bathurst, Melville Islands

1833 John Ross British North Magnetic Pole

1845 John Franklin British King William Island

1854 Robert McClure British Banks Island, Viscount Melville Sound

Arctic Explorations






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Captain William Bligh of the Bounty landed on Aitutaki in the Cook Islands. He is credited with importing paw-paw trees to the island group.

April 28, Tuesday: Mutiny aboard HMS Bounty. Although the mutineers of Captain William Bligh’s Bounty appeared off Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, probably they did not come ashore.

1789

PLANTS

PLANTS





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Early in the 19th Century, the name “Cook Islands” was awarded by the Russians to what Captain James Cook had designated as the “Hervey Islands,” in honor of the English navigator, when in this timeframe the group of islands appeared for the first time on a Russian nautical chart.

1800





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May 8, Saturday: At Kailua in the Sandwich Islands, the death at the age of 82 after a reign of 24 years of Kamehameha the Great, who in 1810 had unified the island chain into one kingdom:(King Kamehameha the

Great was succeeded by a triumvirate made up of his favorite wife Kaahumana, his son’s mother Keopuloani, and his son, who eventually would be known as King Kamehameha II, who would abolish the system which had restricted contact between men and women.)

1819

Old “Mr. Bingham” spoke very little English – almost none, andneither knew how to read nor write; but he was the besthearted oldfellow in the world. He must have been over fifty years of age, andhad two of his front teeth knocked out, which was done by hisparents as a sign of grief at the death of Kamehameha, the greatking of the Sandwich Islands. We used to tell him that he ateCaptain Cook, and lost his teeth in that way. That was the onlything that ever made him angry. He would always be quite excited atthat; and say– “Aole!” (no.) “Me no eat Captain Cook! Me pikinini–small– so high– no more! My father see Captain Cook! Me– no!” Noneof them liked to have anything said about Captain Cook, for thesailors all believe that he was eaten, and that, they cannot endureto be taunted with.– “New Zealand Kanaka eat white man;– SandwichIsland Kanaka,– no. Sandwich Island Kanaka ua like pu na haole– all’e same a’ you!”

JAMES COOK




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamehameha_I





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The Reverend John Williams of the London Missionary Society landed on Aitutaki in the Cook Islands. (Let’s have a big round of applause for the missionary position.)

Publication by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown in London of THE THREE VOYAGES OF CAPT. JAMES COOK ROUND THE WORLD, the 7 volumes that Thoreau would consult at the Concord Town Library.

Henry Thoreau would consult the Concord Social Library’s copy of this, and insert material into his Factbook and into his Indian Notebook #12.17 He would acquire for instance a piece of information that shows up in his journal for the fall and winter of 1845/1846 as “Clothing — shelter — & fuel warm us outwardly– I have read that the New Hollander goes naked in a pretty cold winter — and warms his body by putting his feet close to a hot fire — though the rest of his body may be in frost–” (page 214 of Volume II, observation of August 1770 on the eastern coast of Australia), that he would find of use for his WALDEN; OR, LIFE IN THE WOODS manuscript, in the following truncated form:

“the New Hollander goes naked with impunity,while the European shivers in his clothes.”18

1821

17. The original notebooks are held by the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, as manuscripts #596 through #606. There are photocopies, made by Robert F. Sayre in the 1930s, in four boxes at the University of Iowa Libraries, accession number MsC 795. More recently, Bradley P. Dean, PhD and Paul Maher, Jr. have attempted to work over these materials.

HIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IIHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IIIHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. IVHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VHIS 3 VOYAGES, VOL. VI













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18. By “New Hollander” here is intended of course “Australian aborigine,” Australia having been known in Captain Cook’s era as New Holland just as the landmass to the east of it was known, and still is known, as New Zealand.

PEOPLE OFWALDEN


CAPTAIN COOK






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May 24, Wednesday: On this day and the following one the ships of the exploring expedition of Edmund B. Kennedy, the HMS Tam o’Shanter and the HMS Rattlesnake, would be landing a party on Coonanglebah or, as it had been renamed by Captain James Cook in honor of his patron, Dunk, a double-peaked 3 or 4 square mile piece of rain-forest paradise in the latitude the Great Barrier Reef, a mere 2½ miles from the Queensland mainland of Australia.

“MAGISTERIAL HISTORY” IS FANTASIZING: HISTORY IS CHRONOLOGY

1848








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COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others,such as extensive quotations and reproductions ofimages, this “read-only” computer file contains a greatdeal of special work product of Austin Meredith,copyright 2014. Access to these interim materials willeventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup someof the costs of preparation. My hypercontext buttoninvention which, instead of creating a hypertext leapthrough hyperspace —resulting in navigation problems—allows for an utter alteration of the context withinwhich one is experiencing a specific content alreadybeing viewed, is claimed as proprietary to AustinMeredith — and therefore freely available for use byall. Limited permission to copy such files, or anymaterial from such files, must be obtained in advancein writing from the “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo”Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC 27705. Pleasecontact the project at <[email protected]>.

Prepared: September 5, 2014

“It’s all now you see. Yesterday won’t be over untiltomorrow and tomorrow began ten thousand years ago.”

– Remark by character “Garin Stevens”in William Faulkner’s INTRUDER IN THE DUST




mailto:[email protected]

Well, tomorrow is such and such a date and so it began on that date in like 8000BC? Why 8000BC, because it was the beginning of the current interglacial -- or what?

Bearing in mind that this is America, "where everything belongs," the primary intent of such a notice is to prevent some person or corporate entity from misappropriating the materials and sequestering them as property for censorship or for profit.


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ARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT

GENERATION HOTLINE

This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by ahuman. Such is not the case. Instead, someone has requested thatwe pull it out of the hat of a pirate who has grown out of theshoulder of our pet parrot “Laura” (as above). What thesechronological lists are: they are research reports compiled byARRGH algorithms out of a database of modules which we term theKouroo Contexture (this is data mining). To respond to such arequest for information we merely push a button.





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Commonly, the first output of the algorithm has obviousdeficiencies and we need to go back into the modules stored inthe contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking, and then weneed to punch that button again and recompile the chronology —but there is nothing here that remotely resembles the ordinary“writerly” process you know and love. As the contents of thisoriginating contexture improve, and as the programming improves,and as funding becomes available (to date no funding whateverhas been needed in the creation of this facility, the entireoperation being run out of pocket change) we expect a diminishedneed to do such tweaking and recompiling, and we fully expectto achieve a simulation of a generous and untiring roboticresearch librarian. Onward and upward in this brave new world.

First come first serve. There is no charge.Place requests with <[email protected]>. Arrgh.




mailto:[email protected]

people mentioned in cape cod · 1. the jamestown weed (or thorn-ap ple). “this, being an early...

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