people caravan - bahasa ingris

8/13/2019 People Caravan - Bahasa Ingris

1/50

HAK RAKYATATASTANAHDANPANGAN:

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004

DI INDONESIA

HAK RAKYATATASTANAHDANPANGAN:

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004

DI INDONESIA

ASSERTINGOURRIGHTSTOLANDANDFOOD:

THEPEOPLESCARAVAN2004

ININDONESIA


THEPEOPLESCARAVAN2004

ININDONESIA

PEOPLESCARAVAN2004diINDONESIA

THEPEOPLESCARAVAN2004inINDONESIA

D o k u m e n t a s i

Documentation


2/50


THE PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004IN INDONESIA


3/50


4/50


5/50


6/50

PEOPLE S CARAVAN 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface - iii

INTRODUCTION - 1

People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia - 1

Main Theme: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food - 2

The Aims of the People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia - 3

Organizations Involved - 3

What were the Activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia? - 3

CHAPTER I: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, WESTERN REGION

KAMPOENG ORGANICRagunan Campground, Jakarta, 23-26 September 2004 - 5

The Seminar: Food and Land as Basic Rights - 6

Indonesian Farmers Day Action - 9

Seminar: A Healthy Life with Organics - 10

Discussion: Consolidation of Food Crop Farmers and Women's Issues - 11

Local Food System - 12

Training - 13

Arts Celebration - 15

CHAPTER II: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, CENTRAL REGION

PEOPLE'S FESTIVAL FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY 2004Solo, Central Java, 22-23 September 2004 - 17

The First Day - 17

The Seond Day - 20

Farmers Seminar, Session I - 20

Farmers Seminar: Session II - 21

Dialogue with Government - 22


7/50


CHAPTER III: PEOPLE'S CARAVAN 2004, EASTERN REGION

Increasing Food Security through Strengthening Farmers to Face

Globalization, Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat, 13-15 September 2004 - 25Workshop: Building Food Security - 25

From Food Security to Food Sovereignty,Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 13-15 September 2004 - 28

Seminar and Public Discussion - 28

Seminar - 28

Public Discussion - 30

Exhibition, Seminar/Workshop on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty,

and Fair Trade, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara, 23-25 September 2004 - 31

Seminar: A Look at Local Potential - 31

The View of Government on Civil Society,Food Sovereignty and Fair Trade: A Look at Policy - 32

Strengthening the People's Movement for Food Sovereignty - 32

Food Security, a Testimonial - 33

Fair Trade Versus Free Trade - 33

Strengthening Civil Society - 34

Food Sovereignty Workshop - 34

CLOSING - 37

Annex:

List of Organization Involved in the Activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia - 38


8/50


PREFACE

This book documents the activities of the People's Caravan (PC) 2004 in Indonesia.PC 2004 activities in Indonesia took place in parallel in three separate places:Jakarta (Western Region), Surakarta, Central Java (Central Region), and East NusaTenggara and West Nusa Tenggara (Eastern Region).

PC 2004 in Indonesia was part of PC 2004 activities in 13 Asian countries and fourEuropean countries. PC 2004 began in Malaysia on 1 September and took fourdifferent routes to its culmination in Kathmandu, Nepal on the 29th and 30th ofSeptember. In Kathmandu, representatives of all the countries holding caravanactivities along with resource people from other countries gathered to continue the

struggle for the International People's Convention for Food Sovereignty.PC 2004 addressed three sub-topics in dealing with its main theme of Assert ourRights to Land and Food:

! Get the WTO out of agriculture.

! Eliminate Pesticides and Genetic Engineering.

! Resist Agrochemical Trans-national Corporations.

These topics were addressed in PC 2004 activities in all countries. The goal of PC2004 was to organize real actions that people, especially farmers, could support as ameans to establishing genuine food sovereignty.


9/50



10/50


INTRODUCTION

People's Caravan 2004 in IndonesiaThe People's Caravan for Food Sovereignty: Assert Our Rights to Land and Foodwas a grassroots-led mass mobilisation that took place in 13 Asian countries. PC2004 aimed to raise awareness among various sectors of society on the key issues ofFood Sovereignty. Another goal was to mobilise people towards advocacy and policychanging efforts at various levels on issues of WTO, Genetic Engineering (GE),Pesticides and Agrochemical TNCs.

Food Sovereignty is the struggle for rights that have been ignored internationally in

the movement to free trade and food security. These rights include:

! The right of people and their communities to determine their food andagricultural policy.

! The right of people to safe, nutritious and culturally appropriate foods.

! The right of farmers to means of production including land, water, seeds andother resources.

Food Sovereignty is based on gender justice as it recognises the role andcontribution of women in agriculture.

While Food Sovereignty is a fundamental right and to a degree enshrined in manyinternational Conventions, the reality in many Asian countries is a different story.There are more than 500 million undernourished people in Asia and the Pacific. Themajority of these people are themselves food producers, peasants and small-scalefarmers. Yet, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the UnitedNations, there is already more than enough food produced on the planet to feed itspopulation. FAO admits that it is not the lack of food but a question of the poor nothaving access to food, land and resources.

While there was the reaffirmation by FAO and governments at the World FoodSummit +5 in June 2002 to halve the number of hungry in the world by 2015, current


11/50


assessments show that efforts to arrest hunger have come to a halt and meeting thistarget is unrealistic. Hunger and malnutrition are direct results of the trade

liberalization. The structural adjustment programmes of the World Bank andInternational Monetary Fund that force indebted countries in Asia to liberalise theiragricultural sectors are literally killing peasants, pastoralists, indigenous peoples,agricultural workers and fishing communities, women, children and other vulnerablesectors. Unless free trade and globalisation are reversed, the future of the hungryand malnourished will always be bleak.

The main theme People's Caravan 2004 focused on the right of peasants, small scalefarmers, and fishers to the access and control of land and productive resources suchas seed, water, and technology. The lack of access to land is the fundamentalproblem of most peasants and small scale farmers in the Asia Pacific region.

Sub-Themes

The Caravan had three sub-themes that were highlighted throughout the Caravan:

! WTO Out of Food and Agricul t ure

The undemocratic trade policies of the World Trade Organisation (WTO),particularly the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), forcibly opened the

vulnerable economies of most Asian countries. These policies have resultedin the demise of self-sufficient agriculture and food production in thesecountries. The Caravan campaigned for measures to remove food andagriculture from the control of the WTO.

! Eli mina t e Pest ici des and Geneti c Engineeri ng (GE)

The alarming rate of pesticide use worldwide and the introduction of GE inthe corporate driven agriculture threaten the further erosion of the FoodSovereignty of underdeveloped Asian countries. The PC 2004 campaignedfor the ban of GE and pesticides and raised awareness on how they threatenFood Sovereignty.

! Resi st Agrochemi cal TNCsThere has been a strong voice of resistance from Asian grassrootsorganisations to end the control of Agrochemical Trans-national Corporations(TNCs) in their countries. The Caravan highlighted the campaign to makethese TNCs responsible for the crimes they have committed including humanpoisoning, destruction of the environment and exploitation of workers.

Main Theme: Assert Our Rights to Land and Food


12/50


The Aims of the People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia

Organizations Involved

What were the Activities of People's Caravan 2004 inIndonesia?

The aims of PC 2004 in Indonesia included:! Raising awareness amongst a broad range of People Organizations (POs) and

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Indonesia on the key issues relatedto Food Sovereignty.

! Gathering broad support for the Convention on Food Sovereignty so that itcan be brought before national governments and inter-governmental bodies.

! Consolidating and enhancing the network among organizations struggling tobring about food sovereignty.

! Building a strong broad network of People's Food Sovereignty advocates.

!

Promoting and supporting Sustainable Agriculture! Documenting the experience and lessons learned from the activities of PC

2004 in Indonesia in order to further strengthen the campaign for foodsovereignty

In Indonesia, 167 organizations consisting of POs and NGOs from across Indonesiaparticipated in PC 2004. Local governments and parliaments, especially in thelocations where the caravan activities were held, also took part in PC 2004. The

resource people in this activity came from POs, NGOs, government and academia,representing the many sectors that are related to the issue of food sovereignty.There were also several resource people that represented regional organizationssuch as FIAN International and PAN Asia and Pacific.

In September and October 2004, caravan activities were conducted in three regions

spanning three time zones and over 2000 kilometres. The Western Region waslocated in Jakarta and activities were organized under the banner of People'sFestival on Food Sovereignty: 'Kampung Organic'. PC 2004 took place in theWestern Region from 23 September to 26 September. The Central Region waslocated in Surakarta, Central Java. The PC 2004 event was entitled People'sFestival on Food Sovereignty and took place from the 22nd to the 23rd ofSeptember. In the Eastern Region PC 2004 were located in three sites in West NusaTenggara (Dompu and Ende) and East Nusa Tenggara (Kupang). The events took placefrom mid-September to early October.

At each site seminars and workshops were held. Often recommendations weredeveloped for local government related to food sovereignty. At every site signatures


13/50


were collected in support of the Convention on Food Sovereignty. Theatrical andmusical activities allowed participants to take a break from the serious nature of

their discussion. Several sites held cooking contests so that participants had achance to taste many different local foods.


14/50


15/50


arts hold a special meaning for farming. Hishope was to give city folks a chance to learn

about these arts and rural culture. Tejo wenton to explain that Kampung Organic wasstaged annually to allow organic producers andconsumers to meet. This is an opportunityfor the people of the city who consumeorganic products to learn about the problemsof farmers. We are trying to build empathyamong city people for farming and farmers.We want to tell people about organic farmingwhich is both socially and environmentallyfriendly.

As part of the opening ceremony of KampungOrganic, farmers exchanged seeds. This was areminder to people, that food is a basic rightand not primarily a business.

The schedule for PC 2004 West included:exhibits, a seminar, canvassing for signaturesin support of the Convention on FoodSovereignty, a tour de organic whichincluded training and discussion about organicfarming, observance of Indonesian Farmers'Day on 24 September, a children's art contest,

and an organic rice cooking competition.

The right to food is a basic human right andagriculture is a means to securing food. Whenthis connection is understood it becomes clearthat the two need to be guaranteed. Theproblem is that this knowledge has been lost in

the priorities of politics and business. Thearrogant collaboration between themodernized nations of the world and trans-national businesses has promoted their desiresand influence. That the people of developingnations have been victimized by this is nosurprise. Farmers could be said to be theprimary victims. Not only are they ignored byconsumers, but they also lose out to themanoeuvres and influence of globalcapitalism.

The Seminar: Food and Landas Basic Rights

The music was the signal that the activities of

Kampung Organic, PC 2004 Western Regionwere about to start.

A nation must give priority to food securitybecause it is people with enough food that

are able to participate in the social andeconomic development of that country.


16/50


Get the WTO out of Agriculture, was the theme for seminars in all PC 2004 sites inIndonesia. In Jakarta the seminar was facilitated by KOP WTO (Coalition of NGOs

Opposed to the WTO) and KRKP (Peoples Coalition for Food Sovereignty) incollaboration with the PC 2004 event committee. The seminar was divided into twosessions. The first session presented the view from government and was made upof presentations by Benni Sormin from the office of the FAO Representative inJakarta, Hermanto from BBKP and agrarian specialist Gunawan Wiradi from IPB(Bogor Agriculture Institute). The second session revealed the view of NGOs andincluded presentations by Roman from KOP WTO, Witoro and Tejo Pramono from FSPI(Federation of Indonesian Peasant Unions).

The first session discussed the efforts of the government to ensure enough food forthe people. Hermanto began by presenting the strategy of the government. Thelaw, UU 7/1996, states that the government, in performing its functions, isresponsible for providing for the food security of the nation. Basically, food securitymeans that people are able to obtain a sufficient amount of healthy food. The issueof food security can be divided into three parts supply, distribution andconsumption. Supply includes domestic production, food imports and the stockingof food to serve as a buffer against poor production or the inability to import food.

In its efforts to guarantee food security the government faces several problems.Hermanto said that, obstacles include a continuing increase in the demand for foodthat grows at a greater rate than increases in the supply of food. Because of this itis necessary to import food. A problem that limits increasing food production is thecontinuing conversion of land from farming that ends in reducing the area able to beplanted to food crops.

Beni Sormin of FAO explained the background to food security. The idea of foodsecurity began with the World Food Summit of 1996 in Rome. The summit set a goalof reducing the then number of hungry people in the world, 800 million, by 50%.This goal was to be achieved by 2015. In Asia there are 500 million people withoutenough food. Of these people, 70% live in rural areas. Only national governmentscan overcome this problem. A nation must give priority to food security because itis people with enough food that are able to participate in the social and economicdevelopment of that country.

So that World Food Summit targets can be attained, Beni appealed for the creationof an alliance of government, private groups, religious groups, NGOs, donors andpolicy makers. The mission of FAO is to lessen the dangers to food security in rural

areas while. The strategy of FAO is to work with member countries to eliminatehunger and poverty. FAO assists in the making of rules and policies related toagriculture, fisheries and forestry. FAO works for a continued increase in the supplyof food and the development of appropriate technologies for food, agriculture,fisheries and forestry. While working to strengthen the livelihoods of rural people,FAO also tries to increase access for farmers to resources. Finally, FAO works toincrease the access of marginal groups to sufficient and healthy food.

Gunawan Wiradi from IPB said that food insecurity is a result of the confusedthinking of government over the years. A clear sign of this confusion is the lack ofattention of the government to the fate of the farmer who is in the midst of a socialeconomic system that is unjust. To realize agrarian reform there are several pre-


17/50


18/50


Around 500 people among them farmers,activists and students gathered on 24September to observe Indonesian Farmers Day.They celebrated the day with a demonstrationdemanding agrarian reform and that the WTOstop mixing in affairs related to food. Thedemonstration took place at the BadanPertanahan Nasional (National Land Board,BPN). The demonstrators were not able toenter the building. They wanted to have adiscussion with the head of BPN. LutfiNasution, the head of BPN, agreed to a dialog,

but only with representatives of the group, notthe whole group. The farmers rejected thisoffer as they all wanted to speak directly withLutfi Nasution. They left BPN, but beforeleaving they left a reminder of their visit. Thedemonstrators placed small change, seeds andplants at the threshold of the door to the BPNbuilding. This was done as a symbol of thedemonstrators' desire that BPN officers not betempted by money but take the side offarmers and the people.

The demonstrators then went to IstanaMerdeka, the official residence of thePresident. Here demonstration participantsmade speeches about issues that haveweakened the position of farmers: land, cleanwater and markets. Besides farmers,representatives of PANAP and FIAN madespeeches. Sister Nida Pinida, a Filipinarepresenting FIAN, spoke in support of thedemonstration. Sister Nida said, This actionand the movement in Indonesia arecontributing to the international struggleforsovereignty of the people over their food andland. The danger threatening agriculturearises from WTO and the greed of trans-national businesses that have made food theirmajor business. Pinida also spoke of thedanger of genetic engineering to food. Shesaid trans-nationals are looking for big profitswhile neglecting problems of health andecology.

Susan Loone of PANAP said that the lives offarmers across developing nations are

Indonesian Farmers Day Action

WTO Out of Food and Agriculture!


19/50


20/50


Discussion: Consolidation of

Food Crop Farmers andWomen's IssuesConsolidating farmers of food crops is trulyimportant for the food sovereignty movement.The New Order created a culture of silenceamong farmers which did not encouragecreativity; rather farmers were encouraged tofollow their government nominated leaders.This atmosphere encouraged farmers tobecome modern by using the full package of

chemical inputs made available to them viagovernment subsidized programs. This is onereason farmers are reluctant to try organicfarming. They believe it to be less efficientand more difficult than simply purchasinginputs such as pesticides and chemicalfertilizers and applying them as needed. Thispoint was raised during the discussion onconsolidation of farmers growing food crops.

Farmers from the region of Halimun Mountainprovided an interesting case related to organic

farming (see box: Farmer Sovereigntythrough Nature Conservation). Thesefarmers do not rely on chemical inputs.Farming is not simply production of acommodity for them; it has a cultural andsocial aspect that they value more highly thansimply crop production. The concept of foodsovereignty is reflected in the everyday livesof these people. Life is guided by traditionand the green revolution was rejected bythese farmers because it conflicted with theprinciples upon which these farmers base their

lives.

The discussion on women's issues revolvedaround how women have become second classcreatures. Titi Suntoro said that role ofwomen in farming is equally important to thatof men. There is no reason for men to assumethat their role is more important than that ofwomen and condemn women to a lesser placein the world.

There is no reason for men to assume that theirrole is more important than that of women andcondemn women to a lesser place in the world.


21/50


Local Food System

The issue of local food systems was quiteapparent during PC 2004. Many of the exhibits inKampung Organic concerned the concept of localfood systems. Groups whose exhibits dealt withlocal food systems included: Yayasan KaturNagari, KSM Tri Manunggal, Kapala/Kehati (Yogya-karta), IPPHTI (Indonesian IPM FarmersAssociation), Bina Desa, and Konphalindo(Indonesian Consortium for Nature and ForestConservation). These groups feel the concept oflocal food systems could be the answer to manyof the problems concerning food and tofurthering the struggle for food solidarity.

Local food crops are crops that are natural to anarea and easily accessible to people who live inthat area. The policies of the government haveresulted in rice becoming the basic food in mostareas of the country and marginalizing traditionalbasic foods. This marginalization has beenexacerbated byinternational trade policies thatthe government has accepted. Many popularimported foods rely on materials that have their

Farmer Sovereigntythrough NatureConservation

want for little. They survive with divided into three parts, each with ali tt le in te rv en ti on fr om or separate role. The three forestdependence on the outside world. sections are known as the HutanTheir main livelihood is farming Titipan (Leuwe ung Titipan, orand they produce enough healthy Reserved Forest), Hutan Tutupanfood to fulfil all of their needs. What (Leuwe ung Tutupa n, Clos ed

In the era of globalization where is the secret of their success? Forest), and Hutan Garapanfarmers often find themselves in a (Leuweung Garapan, Farmed

Adul Siwono (34 years old), aposition of increased dependency, Forest). Leuweung Titipan is thefarmer from Citoreh Village, Nagathere is a story from a remote area area in the forest that cannot beKampong, of Lebak District said,in Indonesia that shows how exploited. The Leuweung TitipanWe are able to survive from thefarmers can be in control of their is usual ly found at higherfarming activities because welives. The farmers from Halimun

elevations in the mountain.follow the Kasepuhan (olderMountain have maintained aleader) and have rejected the Leuweung Tutupan is the foreststeady independence from theGreen Revolution in our villages. area that is allocated for housingrush to modernity, choosingThis rejection is based on and farming areas in the futureinstead to live and farm in an

principles arising from our culture. (awisan). The moving of housing inecologically sustainable manner.Adul cont inued, We have a this area is based on a messageHalimun Mountain is located inprinciple called Mother of the received by the Abah (culturalLebak District of Banten Province,Earth, Father of the Sky, which leader/sesepuh girang of theabout 100 kilometres southwest ofencourages us to conserve all of Kasepuhan Community). MovingJakarta. These people stil lthings in the earth. If we were to houses around this area is usuallymaintain their traditional culture.misuse one component of the done on a cycle of 30 to 40 years.The cont inuat ion of theseearth the balance of the ecosystem During this cycle, they allow land tot r a d i t i o n s m a y g i v e t h ewould be destroyed. ecologically recover its naturalappearance that their lifestyle is

capacity to support the people. Inimpoverished. But in truth, they In Adul's community the forest is


22/50


the hutan Tutupan, people can fields). material needs tend to be the mainenter and use the forest to meet concern of people. They farm to

Adul said that, the farmingtheir ordinary needs such as meet their needs. If they find that

activities in my area are notcollecting fire wood, cutting wood they have an excess they will sell

contaminated yet with modernfor building houses, cutting rattan what they do not need. In my

farming practices that rely on a lotand damar wood, and harvesting village there are no food stalls.

of chemical inputs. Some peoplefruits, root crops, herbal plants and Anyone who visits will be served

have tried these products, but thefibre crops. food. We believe that food is not

results did not fulfil their needs.supposed to be sold.

Culturally, to cut the trees in this The people who tried usingarea requires permission from the chemicals didn't want to use them The people of the Halimun areacultural leader (called Kokolot). again. They returned to the have achieved food sovereignty.There is a requirement for cutting traditional farming culture that has They don't depend on imported

trees in this area; if you cut one proven to be successful here. things. They carefully manage thetree, you should plant a new one. resources available to them to the

In this era of intensive promotion ofbenefit of their community. They

Leuweung Garapan is the forest high yielding seeds these peoplehave self-sufficiency and dignity

area that is used for the farming have continued to plant their localeven though they may have to

activities of the people (rice fields, seed. Their variety requires asuffer being called old fashioned.

dry land or gardens). Management longer growing period than highThese people have maintained

of the farming areas is decided by yielding varieties. This means thattheir traditional ways and serve as

the Abah. Management of the area in most cases they only plant ricean example to the modern

follows a rotation system based on once a year. However, this singlehuman beings living in modern

a cycle that allows land to be fallow crop is enough to meet their needscities who are rapidly discovering

for at least three years. In certain for a full year.that they cannot sustain their

areas, they cannot farm the sameCommunities in the Halimun area modern lifestyles and live in good

plot in successive seasons. Theseare unique in this era where health with dignity.

areas called Huma Serang (holy

origin in foreign countries.

The fear is that a weak demand for local food will lead to a weakening of food

sovereignty. There has already been a rapid rise in food imports to Indonesia andmany have displaced local foods. According to the co-ordinator of KRKP, Witoro,the trade policies of the government have not been very effective because theyhave made an issue out of food security. This means that they don't care about theorigin of food or how that food is produced. He went on to say that, By 1994Indonesian food exports had a positive net value of US $ 418 million. This changedso that by the end of the decade Indonesian food imports annually out-strippedexports by one billion dollars.

Awareness of the realities concerning food sovereignty has resulted in many NGOsworking to return local food to a position of centrality in rural areas. One exampleis Warto Utamo and KSM Tri Manunggal (see box: It's not cool to eat local food.).

PC 2004, Kampung Organic, included training and education activities.

! Making organic repellents. Sudirman of RACA Institute facilitated thistraining. He said that organic repellents could protect the health of anecosystem. One repellent that the RACA Institute has developed makes useof mujairfish. This repellent is useful in eggplant and other crops. To makethe repellent take three kilograms of fresh mujairand put it in a plastic

Training


23/50


bag. Allow this to sit for three days. Boilthe rotted fish in two litres of water for

two hours and then strain. The water canbe sprayed directly on plants. Sudirmanalso showed how to make a bio-decompser.

! Fertilizer based on rabbit manure.Rohaji explained the steps in making liquidfertilizer from rabbit manure. Require-ments include sawdust, a bucket, hotwater and rabbit manure. If this fertilizeris sprayed at a rate of four ml per litre ofwater it can be used on both leaves androot areas.

! Maximizing small spaces. YudhaKurniawan from the Nature School spokeabout using small spaces, especially cityyards, as gardens. These gardens have aneconomic value as the produce obtainedcan offset household expenditures onvegetables or produce can even be sold.Yudha reminded listeners of the need forcompost and the lack of need for chemicalpesticides. For him what was importantwas that the land received lots of tender

loving care.! Fertilizer from household waste. Ibu

Bambang spoke about making compostfrom household wastes. She said thatwaste from cleaning vegetables as well asleftovers could be used in making compost.The important thing is that those thingsthat can decompose are separated fromthose things that can't decompose. This

Warto Utamo, a 65 year old resident ofGunungkidul District in Yogyakarta, isthe leader of an effort to rid his area ofthe epithet difficult to grow food.Gunungkidul has been branded over thelast 40 years as a place where it is hardto grow rice and people are in a constantstate of hunger. According to Warto thisis a result of government policy whichmade rice the primary food crop of thenation. Whether appropriate or not, allland was turned into rice land. And thenews that people in the district werehungry began to be heard. Actually, thisshould have come as no surprise as the

ecology of the area is not generallysuitable to rice production. The districtis dry for most of the year. Knowing howunfit rice was to local conditions, Wartoand his group, KSM Tri Manunggal,were stimulated into bringing back localfood crops that were more suitableenvironmentally.

For several years the group has beenexperimenting to try to enhance thequality of traditional local crops. Theyhave received support from NGOs suchas Kapala and Kehati. This support hasincreased the motivation of Warto andhis group to come up with good qualitylocal food crops. Crops that they havebeen working on include several types oftubers and taro, breadfruit, corn andsorghum.

Warto and KSM Tri Manunggal havebeen able to get local grade schools toadd materials about local foods to theircurricula. It's important to the raise theawareness of children about our localfood crops so that they won't say that it'snot cool to eat local food.

It's not cool to eat local food.It's not cool to eat local food.


24/50


means separating plastics and other things that can't decompose fromorganic materials.

! Re-cycling paper. Students from National High School 34 in Jakarta talkedabout re-cycling paper. They cited both an economic and ecological value indoing so. The group of students collected paper from waste bins and theirschool yard. The result of their efforts was a clean and attractive schoolyard and money in their pockets fromselling the paper for re-cycling.

! Remembering the farmer: adrawing contest. Children from agefour to 10 who were at the villagewere brought together and dividedinto three groups based on age.

Kindergarten aged children engaged ina colouring contest. Children fromprimary school classes 1-3 and 4-6were divided into two groups and wereengaged in a drawing contest. Thegoal of the contest was to helpchildren increase their appreciation ofthe environment and farmers.

The closing for PC 2004 in Jakarta was givenover to a celebration of the arts entitledFrom Us to the Earth. Groups of children ofvarious ages from three groups, DiltsFoundation, Sangar Halimun and Sangar Akarpresented poetry, songs, and drama toincrease the watchers' awareness of theenvironment.

The children from Sanggar Halimun readpoetry accompanied by the calung, a

traditional musical instrument. One of theirpoems, The Poetry of the Land, told thestory of the destruction of the land byhumans. Young people from the DiltsFoundation, an educational centre for streetchildren, presented music, theatre and songs.They presented a piece called Trash Musicbased upon how they felt about seeing trasheverywhere. Their instruments were madefrom discarded cans, biscuit tins and largeplastic water cooler jugs.

Arts Celebration


25/50



26/50


CHAPTERII

PEOPLES FESTIVAL FORFOOD SOVEREIGNTY 2004Solo, Central Java, 22-23 September 2004

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004CENTRAL REGION

The People's Movement for Food Sovereignty 2004 in Surakarta (also known as Solo)took place over two days at the Kasunanan Palace Exhibition Hall. Over 200 people

from six provinces attended the People's Festival for Food Sovereignty 2004.Participants represented the stakeholders involved in the agriculture sectorincluding farmers, agriculture officials, local and international NGOs, localgovernment officials, legislators and media. Activities over the two day periodincluded: a farmers' seminar, exhibition, farmers' technical meeting, local foodcooking contest, a testimonial, cultural show, a dialog with government andcanvassing for signatures for the Convention on Food Security.

The festival was opened by the organizing committee, members of LSM Gita Pertiwi,Solo, who presented the goals and agenda of the festival. The mayor of Surakarta'srepresentative, Praja Suminta, made a welcoming speech. The speech, which waswritten by the mayor, made clear that the mayor thinks it important thatdevelopment concerning food focus on supply and diversity. As well, developmentactivities should harmonize the interests of stakeholders.

The opening was followed by a seed sharing ceremony. Farmers representing manyregions across Indonesia were present. They had brought seeds of local crops. Theseeds were exchanged as a symbol that seeds are the basis for food production andfarmers have the right to develop and obtain seeds as they see fit. The patenting ofseeds or varieties should not be allowed.

The First Day


27/50


The ceremony was followed by the testimonyof Mr. Solikhin. Solikhin is a farmer from West

Java. He described the struggle that he andhis friends have taken on to retrieve lands thatthey had farmed from the government. Thisstruggle saw government using violence againstfarmers to quell their protests.

The testimonial was followed by a seminarfocused on food sovereignty. Five participantstook part in the seminar, a farmer, an experton local culture, representatives from twoNGOs, and a representative of an internationalNGO. Each speaker looked at food sovereignty

through the lens of their topic.! the traditional Javanese farming

system,

! the development of local food systems,

! the access of women to food,

! the rights of farmer's and agrarianreform,

! the development of alternative formsof agriculture.

Gusti Puger of Kasunanan Palace is an experton local culture and traditions. He feels thatfood sovereignty is a difficult problem forfarmers because of changes related to theenvironment. The start of the rainy season hasbecome difficult to predict. This causesfarmers many problems as most of themdepend upon the rainy season for water. InJavanese culture farmers determined theappropriate time for planting rice based onpranata mangsa. Pranata mangsarefers to thechange from the dry season to the wet seasonand planting to avoid damage to the rice crop.Pranata mangsawas tied to both seasonalchange and the farming systems that farmersused. Unfortunately the government today hasnot given attention to how culture connectswith agriculture. Farming today is not basedon the seasonal cycle. We must push thegovernment to accommodate traditionalfarming systems in future policy and projects.

We have rights to the seeds we plant.

We must push the government to accommodatetraditional farming systems...


28/50


Next, Mrs. Nina, of Mitra Solidaritas Perempuan (Women's Solidarity Partners), saidthat women are the key to food sovereignty. Women are the spear point of food

sovereignty. Women must be involved in both the management and carrying outfood sovereignty. Because of this the rights of women to access and manage landmust be guaranteed. Women have shown that they have the skills to manage foodfor both their families and society.

Mrs. Sugiyem, a farmer from Ngawi District, said that food sovereignty must beginwith the establishment of local food systems. The principles of food sovereigntycan be realized if farmers are empowered to determine the management strategyfor an agriculture system. Farmers must be free to develop local knowledge alongwith a local farming system as this is the basis of a sustainable agriculture. Theymust have the right to develop local farming policy including the determination ofwhat they will plant based on local potential. People must also have the right todetermine what they will eat and how much. Women must have equal rights and anequal role in decision making for a given farming system. Finally, food sovereigntywill only be realized if people work together as a group to make it happen.

Tedjo Pramono from FSPI said that agriculture development in Indonesia has notincreased the welfare or economic status of farmers. In fact, just the opposite hashappened; many farmers have ended up poorer than they once were. Farmershave become 'coolies' on their own land because production factors are controlledby business. Among many things, the Green Revolution, the failed agrarianrevolution, the disappearance of farmer innovations, the loss of ownership byfarmers of their land, have resulted in a continuing threat to farmers livelihoods.What we have to do is fight for the human rights of farmers and their rights to land,water, information, and markets.

Food sovereignty in Indonesia continues to be held up by many things. GreenRevolution practises, free trade policies, government policies are some of theobstacles. But these obstacles can also be found in other countries. Ms. VickyLopez of SIBAT, Philippines said that similar conditions exist in the Philippines. ThePhilippines are an agrarian country. There are abundant fertile soils and strongagriculture in both high and low lands. But the Green Revolution changed things.The Philippines is now a net importer of food and farmers are dependent upon agro-chemicals. This has caused a variety of problems among rural people. Local seedshave disappeared. A significant portion of the people has low quality diets,especially women, children and marginal groups. The livelihoods of farmers must beenhanced. One alternative that is now being promoted is sustainable farming

systems.

In the afternoon a farmers' technical meeting was held and a local food cookingcontest took place. The technical meeting was a forum for the exchange ofexperiences and information focused on farmer technical innovations and the resultsof farmer field research. Issues that were discussed included:

! Organic fertilizer made from cow urine

! Food from tuber crops

! Weeding in rice crops


29/50


30/50


what they thought was an equable relationship with a business. In SukoharjoDistrict of Central Java farmers entered into a contract with a local business to

produce ginseng. It turned out that the contract, while profitable for the business,caused economic distress among the farmers. Once Ari and his group looked overthe contract they determined to work with the farmers to come up with a moreequable arrangement. They went about advocating for a better contract. To do thisthey involved farmers, the NGO, a legal expert and academics.

Mr. Mashadi is a farmer from Brebes District, Central Java and leader in IPPHTI(Indonesian IPM Farmers Association). Mashadi made a presentation about why andhow he and his group fought to lessen pesticide use in Brebes. First the groupconducted a survey to determine how much pesticide was being used in theirdistrict. They discovered that farmers applied over 690 tons of pesticides each yearwithout any controls. There was considerable promotion to sell pesticides. One

pesticide formulator was very active. They got the extension field worker topromote their product. Farmers who purchased a given amount of pesticide weregiven prizes. Prizes went to kiosks who sales exceeded a given amount. The surveyfound that both unlabeled pesticides and pesticides that had been banned weresold. The group also found that many of thefarmers who were applying pesticides hadexperienced signs of pesticide poisoning.

To counteract the efforts of the sellers ofpesticides IPPHTI engaged in its own promotionpractises that are more environmentallyfriendly, most notably IPM. The group

organized extension efforts using members toteach other farmers about IPM. Theyestablished a biological agent productioncentre to provide farmers withenvironmentally neutral agents that couldprotect their crops. They organized a dialoguewith the district parliament to enlist theirsupport in reducing pesticide use. Finally, thegroup organized a media campaign to tellpeople of the dangers of pesticides to theenvironment and to people.

Farmers Seminar: Session II

The speakers for second session were fromregional organizations and presented a moreglobal perspective concerning foodsovereignty.

Ms. Rosmaah Ismail from FIAN Internationaldiscussed the Convention on Food Sovereigntyand how it could help to leverage policy thatinvolves peoples' rights concerning food and

The presentations all dealt with problemsthat arose because of the activities ofbusinesses, local, and international.


31/50


32/50


Baroto Susetyohadi, Head of the Food Security Sub-section, Boyolali District, thinksit important to bring all interested groups together to work on development

together. Not only is the government concerned about development, but there arepeople's organizations, NGOs, farmers and others that are concerned aboutdevelopment. In Boyolali agriculture development has been carried out in acollaborative manner. Beginning in 2003 this collaborative effort has included localgovernment, members of the legislature, NGOs and farmers.

T.O. Suprapto, General Co-ordinator of IPPHTI said, farmers are no longer incontrol of their own lives. Farmers have lost control over the natural resources thatthey require for farming. For example if farmers want seed or fertilizers they haveto go buy them; they are unable to produce them. However, it is farmers and onlyfarmers who can solve their problems. And a network among farmers is importantto helping them solve their problems. Farmers need to be able to weave acommunications net among them and join hands so that they become the subject ofdevelopment not the object. IPPHTI has developed a wide range of activities suchas producing organic fertilizer, rice breeding, soil ecology, field research, SRI andhealth studies in an effort to build a network that includes all farmers.

Throughout the two days of the festival signatures to the Convention on FoodSovereignty were collected.


33/50


Newspaper coverage


34/50


CHAPTERIII

PEOPLES CARAVAN 2004EASTERN REGION

Increasing Food Security throughStrengthening Farmers to FaceGlobalizationDompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat, 13-15 September 2004

PC 2004 activities in Dompu District ran from 13 to 15 September. The event wasorganized by a committee made up of NGOs from the VECO network: YBC Dompu,LPMP Dompu, Sambirio Dompu, LP2DER Bima, Yayasan Madafaku Dompu and LPSMBima. Participants included farmers, NGOs, and local government officials. The

workshop was opened by the head of Dompu District who was represented by Mr.Saladin, Head, Food Security Office, Dompu.

According to the head of the organizing committee, Ismail H. AB, the workshop washeld to try to clarify and reject policies of the WTO that have been harmful to thepeople of Indonesia and the world. Because of this, one of the activities of theworkshop was the canvassing for signatures to the Convention on Food Sovereignty.

The goal of the workshop was to open the eyes of participants concerning theposition of Indonesian farmers and agriculture vis a visglobal pressures. Theworkshop began with four presentations to help generate ideas among participants.Topics presented included:

Workshop: Building Food Security

In the eastern region PC 2004 took place at three different sites: Dompu, Kupang,and Ende.


35/50


! Agriculture Development Policy inDompu District,by Alwi, Agriculture

Services, Dompu District! Examining Food Sovereignty in the Era

of Globalization,by Petrus Sarijo(Lesman)

! Food Sovereignty DevelopmentStrategy in Dompu, by Edyson andYuliadin (Forsip)

! Developing a Strategy,by Yuliadin

According to Alwi the status of food security inDompu is relatively safe. This is based on acomparison of the area devoted to agriculturewith the total population of the district. Theproblem is that the incomes of farmers arerelatively low. This is because productioncosts are high. Because of this districtgovernment has adopted a policy foragricultural development that focuses onagribusiness. The vision is to develop a strongand efficient modern farming sector in whichfarmers are positioned as small scale business

people.Petrus Sarijo began by presenting statisticsrelated to poverty in Indonesia. According tothe Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2003, 37.3million people were poor (18.2 % of thepopulation). Of this number 36.7 % lived inurban areas and 63.3 % lived in rural areas.People in poverty are also hungry. Poverty is aresult of international policy as well asnational policy. In agriculture, food falls intothe commodities that are governed by the

WTO within the context known as theAgreement on Agriculture. This agreementeliminated subsidies for agriculture, loweredimport tariffs among food crops to zero,decreased the role of BULOG in the control ofrice stocks, and gave private business the roleof importing rice. The government agreed tothese policies because they wanted to be ableto obtain foreign credit.

The result of this was a systematic increase ofpoverty in rural areas. Sarijo suggested


36/50


several possible strategies to deal with this at the district level:

! Put farmers in control of agriculture production;

! Strengthen agriculture production;

! Institutionalize rural small business as the basis of the economy;

! Give rural people their autonomy;

! Develop a strong rural based civil society with a role in making districtpolicy.

Sarijo made specific suggestions related to these strategies in a paper entitled,Establishing Food Sovereignty in Dompu District which he passed out. Edyson andYuliadin used these suggestions to facilitate the development of strategicrecommendations for food sovereignty in Dompu. They asked participants to discuss

what they had learned and then divided participants into three groups. Each groupwas given the task of discussing and developing ideas related to a specific topic.Group I dealt with Production Resources, Group II focused on Production,Consumption and Distribution Policy, and Group III examined Cultural, Economicand Ecological Conditions.

The result of the discussions was a strategy to develop food sovereignty that was tobe presented to agencies and people connected with food in Dompu.Recommendations included:

! Conduct an information campaign on food sovereignty;

! Conduct a participatory study on farming and food production in Dompu;

! Develop further organic agriculture;

! Develop an alliance for food sovereignty;

! Examine the issue of food sovereignty in the context of Dompu;

! Establish a district food storage facility in Dompu;

! Establish food storage facilities at the village level in support of the districtfacility;

! Conduct a participatory study on the food production system and theconservation of land, water, and local seeds;

! Establish a co-ordinating group to re. agriculture products and marketinformation;

! Up-date agriculture data in Dompu;

! Re-map agriculture resources in Dompu and Bima;

! Form and build up a market network.


37/50


FromFood Security

to Food SovereigntyKupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 13-15 September 2004

PC 2004 Western Region in Kupang presented a Seminar and Public Discussion on 5-6October. The event was organized by Yasmara along with the Forum for DisasterPreparedness and Relief (FKPB). The first event was the signing of a banner whichread We Support the Convention on Food Sovereignty by villagers, NGOs, the head

of the Food Security Board, and the representative of the governor.

Seminar

Next, the seminar took place. Speakers at the seminar included Petrus Muga Head,Provincial Agriculture Services, Martinus Jawa from the Food Security Board, LeonisHerman of FKPB, and Klisto Blasin of the provincial legislature.

Petrus Muga presented a paper entitled, Policy and Strategy to Increase FoodSecurity as a Means to Food Sovereignty in East Nusa Tenggara. According to him,agriculture development depends very much on policy makers at all levels of the

sector. This, in turn, is influenced by whether or not inputs and other resources areadequate.

Land in East Nusa Tenggara is typically un-irrigated. There are over 1.5 millionhectares of dry farmland in the province. Of this area, about a third of it is beingused for farming. The province has 165,741 hectares of irrigated land of which over47,000 hectares go unused. The policy of provincial government is to make greateruse of natural resources, increase productivity, decrease reliance upon other regionsfor food and grow the economy so that all people will have increased incomes.

Martinus Jawa said that the concept of food security in Indonesia was shaped by theinternational convention designed for the World Food Summit in 1996 in Rome. Thisconvention is aimed at eliminating world hunger. The implication of the convention

and summit can be found in National Regulation, UU 7/1996 which states thatRealization of food security is the responsibility of government along with thepeople. The government provides regulations, leadership, authority and control sothat the supply of food is sufficient in amount, safe, of good quality, healthy,diverse, equally available and affordable.

Given these targets, East Nusa Tenggara faces several problems:

! The population is increasing.

! The focus of policy has been on increasing rice production while ignoringlocal potential and crops.

Seminar and Public Discussion


38/50


! There is a lack of diversity in the diet of rural people.

! The technology for local food crops can't compete with imported food.

Although there are problems, Martinus Jawa allowed that there are alsoopportunities. While relatively dry, the land of East Nusa Tenggara has a potentialto be developed with technology that is locally appropriate. The potential forvegetable and animal foods is rich and diverse. Traditional foods are importantrelative to the problem of food security. Finally, industry could be invited toparticipate in further developing food in the province.

Loenis Herman from FKPB tried to sort out the difference between food security andfood sovereignty. The concept of food security has never placed food as a right.Within the concept of food sovereignty food is clearly a right shared by all people.Food sovereignty posits that every nation and/or people have a right to determinefood and agriculture policy that is appropriate to their ecological, social, economicand cultural conditions. Inherent in food sovereignty is the equal access of all tofood and the appreciation of the welfare of farmers and fishers.

Leonis quoted Amartya Sen on the Four Basic Entitlements: people are entitled tobe engaged in production, to labour, to trade, and to leave their wealth towhomever they would choose. According to Leonis food security is not in danger inEast Nusa Tenggara. The province has many assets. The problem is that people donot yet have access to the control of these assets or a voice in their use. Because ofthis food security is endangered. If there is a danger to food security it arisesbecause:

! traditional local foods are threatened;

! government has taken no responsibility for food sovereignty;

! trade does not favour rural people;

! conflict has occurred;

! discrimination in favour of business is common;

! there are few opportunities to work and those opportunities are riven byrace and gender discrimination.

Kristo Blasin of the provincial legislature sees things much the same. According tohim, government development activities have had little effect on farmers eventhough farmers are supposed to be the number one development priority in the

province. He believes that the provincial parliament takes the needs of the peopleto heart in making policy. However, the effective execution of policy according toits original spirit depends upon the government and the people. In the case offood, farmers are especially relevant as the government can only facilitate,encourage and provide information relevant to farming. Because of this farmersshould form a network with government and NGOs. Farmers shouldn't wait for thegovernment to provide aid they must tell the government what they want. Thegovernment depends on farmers and the people to express what they want.Farmers will no longer be manipulated by government projects.

The presentations of the resource people got heated responses from participants. In


39/50


40/50


! Recognition and policy is needed concerning: The superiority of local seedswhich have over time met the test of local culture and ecology; The

promotion of local foods using local foodstuffs; The gradual removal of seedsoriginating outside of the province; The outlawing of un-clearly or non-labelled seedlings from outside.

6. In the rice for the poor program, rice does not reach the poor and the rice isnot locally produced.

! The program must clearly state its target groups and change its methods sothat it becomes an effective system for providing food to the poor.

! The program should make use of local rice.

Exhibition, Seminar/Workshop on CivilSociety, Food Sovereignty, and Fair TradeEnde, East Nusa Tenggara, 23-25 September 2004

To promote the food sovereignty movement in Ende District of East Nusa Tenggara,an exhibition and seminar/workshop was held with the title Civil Society, FoodSovereignty, and Fair Trade. This event was organised by the Flores Institute forRegional Development (FIRD), SANRES, and Tananua Flores Foundation. According tothe chair of the event, Rafael Minggu, the activities in Ende had several goalsincluding:

! uncovering and understanding the civil society discourse;

! understanding the concepts and movements connected to food sovereigntyand fair trade;

! understanding sustainable agriculture and food sovereignty;

! establishing trade practises that are fair and ethical through the exchangeof experience and information among farmers;

! encouraging the formation of a Flores-Lembata civil societyalliance/association/forum.

Participant's in the Ende events came from West Manggarai, Manggarai, East Flores,Ngada, Sikka, and Lembata districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Most of theparticipants were farmers with the addition of NGOs concerned about farmers,government officials, religious leaders and academics.

The first day of PC 2004 activities began with an exhibition on food sovereignty.

Seminar: A Look at Local Potential


41/50


Farmers representing each district created displays that included seed varieties,agricultural products and other local products from each of their areas. Following

the exhibition on the first day there was a seminar during which several papers werepresented:

! The View of Government on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty and Fair Trade:A Look at Policy, by Martinus Jawa (Agriculture Intensification Unit, BKP,East Nusa Tenggara)

! The Concept and Strategy in Developing Civil Society, by Ronny So (FIRD)

! Fair Trade, by Johannes (Oxfam-GB)

! Food Security, by David Ardian (KRKP)

! Food Security, a Testimonial, by Silvianus Pantur a farmer from Manggarai

The View of Government on Civil Society, Food Sovereignty and FairTrade: A Look at Policy

Martinus Jawa discussed the strategy and efforts of the provincial government tomaintain food security. He made the point that there has already been a shift infood consumption by people in the province. This occurred because the governmentequated food with rice. In many places in Indonesia, including East Nusa Tenggara,rice had not been the basic food crop. But national government policies changedthis. There needs to be an effort to rediscover and develop traditional food cropsbefore they disappear completely. The shift in consumption practices has changed

lifestyles such that it is now difficult to sort out those changes. He added thattechnologies associated with traditional food crops are simple and unable to keep upwith the storm of imported food stuffs. However, Martinus sees some opportunities.According to data, there is an abundance of unused land. There is also a greatpotential for animal husbandry.

Strengthening the People's Movement for Food Sovereignty

David Ardian from Koalisi Rakyat untuk Kedaulatan Pangan (KRKP, People's Coalitionfor Food Sovereignty) said that the right to food should not be disturbed by furthershocks. It is the nation's responsibility to guarantee this. But many problems havearisen in Indonesia. The fate of farmers as food producers is not clear. Agriculturaldevelopment has strayed further and further away from this. Agriculturedevelopment is without any empathy for the problems of farmers. Development hasonly dwelt upon numbers related to harvests. Imports of food are huge. The policyof privatisation that emphasizes commercial over social issues is an increasingdanger. Because of this the basis for food security has to be a people's movement.Its centre must be the farmer and the community. Because only at the communitylevel do farmers have the ability to produce, develop and control food.

David encouraged people to reflect on the food system at present. Who does thesystem favour? If you look carefully you will see that more and more funding is


42/50


43/50


is rejected from the very start in this system. They are marketing tertiary levelproducts; we are still marketing primary level products. The value of these

products is very different as are the profits. Because of this it is necessary for thegovernment to support farmers so that their profits might increase.

The focus of fair trade should be to ensure a just price. There must be an effort toensure just prices for products. Shortening the marketing chain will enhance pricesto producers. Direct marketing can accomplish this. Few people are doing this.Farmers need increased skills to deal with marketing.

Strengthening Civil Society

Ronny So of FIRD said that to support the development of a mass movement thatcould realize food sovereignty it is important to create a strong civil society. Heurged that people do not become trapped by this term as different people havegiven it different meanings depending upon their slant of view. To understand theterm you first have know and differentiate among three distinct groups, business,government and civil society.

At this point in time there is an inequality among these groups. Government andbusiness is strong and civil society is weak. The 'people' need to develop andconsolidate their strength. The approach that is selected can lead to thedevelopment of community 'nodes'. If connected with fair trade, this can bringabout the development of a strong network within the context of trade. Thegovernment must establish regulations that strengthen the connection of the peoplewith land and seeds. The problem is that this involves people's rights related to land

and seed.

The day following the seminar a workshop was held on food sovereignty. Thematerial presented during the seminar was used to help people think through theirideas about food sovereignty. Participants were divided into three commissions:the Food Sovereignty Commission, the Fair Trade Commission, and the civilsociety commission. Each group worked out their ideas through discussion of thetopics presented during the seminar. The workshop took two days, the 24th and

25th of September.

The Food Sovereignty Commission sorted factors that support food sovereigntyinto several different categories: Food Diversity; Land; Water; Technology; andBehaviour of society and government.

The Fair Trade Commission discussed how free trade entered Indonesia. Thegroup felt that the government had not been very strong in its wholesale acceptanceof international trade policies that have hurt farmers. Foreign products haveentered local markets competing with local food. These foods are often cheaperthan local food because of subsidies in their country of origin. This is not fair. Analliance among those sectors concerned about food sovereignty should be formed.

Food Sovereignty Workshop


44/50


The group recommended that:

Government:

! Fair trade policies for farmers should be enacted

! Revise free market laws that create market monopolies

! Support funding for fair trade

NGOs:

! Facilitate farmers on a continuing basis in the Flores-Lembata region

! Create a network for the region and facilitate it

! Make Jamasatira effective

Farmers:

! Farmers should participate in all activities

! Farmer leadership should be revitalized

! Create a marketing association for Flores and Lembata

The Civil Society Commission started its discussion by identifying all the civilsociety issues that came up during the seminar. Then they identified other issuesrelevant to civil society as they know them in the field. They defined civil societyas the group remaining after government servants, the military and business peoplehave been eliminated; the bottom rung of the social ladder. From the list that theydeveloped the commission selected those issues that they all agreed could be found

in the various districts represented by members of the commission.! Land. Land has been grabbed up for big business by the government. This

has severely crimped the area available to the people for conservationareas.

! Markets. Included in this issue are low prices, limited marketing networksand limited access to market information such as prices.

! Peoples Political Rights. Rural people are, at most, rarely involved inpublic decisions.

! Water. Individuals claim springs as their own property. Water is beingprivatized by businesses.

After further analysis of the issues the Civil Society Commission made thefollowing recommendations.

! The members of civil society in Flores and the surrounding islands need toform a group to further its interests. (The group could be in the form ofan alliance, forum, association, co-operative or network)

! Members of civil society require training related to democracy, humanrights, and relevant laws. There should be participatory studies of policy.These educational activities should be conducted by NGOs and relevantstakeholders.


45/50


! Existing civil society organizations need to be strengthened.

! The government and policy makers need to be more participative in the

making of policy and that policy should be biased in favour of civil society.

! The groups, based on their discussions, planned the outline for workingtogether to realize food sovereignty.


46/50


From the activities of People's Caravan 2004 in Indonesia a new hope has arisen.There is still an opportunity for farmers to struggle for their rights. Certainly therights of farmers can not be ignored by consumers who need food. However, theprice of food must not increase to the point that it is unaffordable for people at themargins of society. The cause for the hardships experienced by farmers has, upuntil now, been external. Farmers have had to endure increased costs so that theycould see their crops through to harvest. And after harvesting, they haven't beenable to enjoy an equal increase in the price that they received for their crops.

It is not rare that farmers, producers of food, find themselves trapped by the system

and end up without enough food. For example, the rice farmer who had to buy therice that he had harvested and sold. Traditional wisdom held that farmers shouldstore up their own rice. They can't do this today because of the demand that theysell all of their harvest.

There are many reasons for the position that farmers find themselves in today. Themarketing chain leaves farmers with little bargaining room. Farmers findthemselves forced to sell to local middlemen who seem to set prices to pleasethemselves. National floor prices are not effectively enforced. In reality thenational government has never really cared if the prices farmers received werebelow the floor prices that had been set.

Farmers' problems don't stop with the national context as international policies are

against them as well. Because of this the idea to create a farmers organization witha vision extending well into the future is very important. PC 2004 has been anattempt to realize such an organization. The issues that have been studied bygroups across Indonesia have reverberated among local groups. The hope is that PC2004 has helped to build a bridge between the interests of farmers and society atlarge. If food and land are rights, the welfare of farmers becomes an obligation forsociety. The struggle of farmers for their rights must be supported throughoutsociety if food sovereignty and its ideals are to be realized.

CLOSING


47/50

NGO: ! PPKKS

! FIELD Indonesia Foundation, Perumahan ! SPP QT, Jln. Hasanudin 125A Salatiga, CentralTanjung Mas Raya, Jl. Tanjung Mas Utama B8/8, Java, P: +62-298-322667

Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12530, ! Mitra Tani, Jln. Wiratama no.82 Tegalrejo, YogyaP/F: +62-21-7811145, [email protected] 55244, P: +62-274-622789, [email protected]

! Gita Pertiwi Foundation, Jln. Griyan Lama no. 20! Jarnop, Perum.Girimulyo Blok B Gang IV no.

Baturan, Solo, Central Java 57171, 179, Klaten, Central Java, P: +62-272324321,P: +62-271-710465, [email protected] [email protected]

! Konphalindo, Jl. Kelapa Hijau No. 99 Jagakarsa,! Jaker PO, Jln. Griyan Lama no. 20 Baturan Solo

Jakarta Selatan, P: +62-21-7873169, F: +62-21- 57171, Central Java, P: +62-271-710465,78880075, [email protected] [email protected] / [email protected]

! Bina Desa Secretariat, Jl. Saleh Ubud no. 18-19,! CUSO, Jln. Tebet Mas Indah IV E/16 Tebet Mas,

RT.13/RW.08, Otto Iskandardinata, Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan 12810, P: +62-21-P: +62-21- 8199749, [email protected] 8299309/3364, [email protected]

! Solidaritas Perempuan, Jl. Jati Padang Raya! VECO-FADO, Jln. Letda Kajeng no.22 Denpasar

Gang Wahid No. 64, Pasar Minggu Jakarta, 80234, P: +62-361-262126,P/F: +62-21-7802529, [email protected] [email protected]

! Tananua Foundation, Jl. Gatot Subroto-Lorong ! YBC Dompu, Jl. Teuku Umar No. 29, KelurahanBita Beach Gang 2 Kiri, Ende, East Nusa simpasai, Dompu, West Nusa TenggaraTenggara, P/F: +62-381-23565,

! LPMP Dompu, Jl. Diponegoro N0. 147, [email protected], [email protected]

Montabaru, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, P:! Lesman , Jln. Regulo 79 B Boyolali, Central +62-373-22668, [email protected]

Java, P: +62-276-325770, [email protected]! BD LP2DER, Jl. Mangge Maci No. 4,

! Yayasan Masyarakat Sejahtera (Yasmara), Monggonao, Bima, P/F: +62-374-646033Jl. Ade Irma III/No. 3, Kodya Kupang, East Nusa

! Sambirio Foundation of Dompu, Jl. Diponegoro,Tenggara, P: +62-380-823203,

Kelurahan kandal II Dompu, West [email protected]

Tenggara, P: +62-373-22062! Babad, Jln. Sunan Ampel no 36 Pabuaran,

! Walhi-Central Java, +62-271-720884,Purwokerto, Central Java, P: +62-281-624350,

[email protected]@telkom.net

! Madafaku Foundation of Dompu, Jl. Terminal Bus! Ayu Tani Foundation, Bokeng, Flores Timur, NTT,

Ginte, Kelurahan Kandal II, Dompu, West [email protected] Tenggara, P/F: +62-373-22062! Institute for Sustainable agriculture and Rural

! LPSM BimaLivelihood (ELSPPAT), [email protected]

! PPT Sekar Peni-Depok, Jl. Sukarno-Hatta No.! KANOPI, Jln. Dipati Ewangga 4 Kuningan, West

133, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara,Java, P: +62-232-871565,

P/F: [email protected]

! Sahani, P: +62-274-865762! LBH Nusra, Jl. Eltari No. 27, Kelurahan

! Katurnagari-Bandung, P: +62-260-470833Madawat, Kec. Alok, Maumere, Sikka! Sekar Utami, P: +62-21-9213942

! YPL, Jepara, Central Java! Biocert, P: +62-251-336906

! YPM! JKTI, P: +62-251-336906

! YBKS, Jln. KH.Muzakhir 83, Semanggi-Solo,Central Java, P: +62-271-653342, ! Kehati Foundation, P: +62-21-5228031,[email protected] 5228032, F: +62-21-5228033,

[email protected]! YPP, Jln. Turisari IV no. 25 Solo, Central Java.

! RMI, Jl. Sempur NO. 55, Bogor 16154, West! LBH Atmajaya, Jl.Ir.Sutami, Jebres, Solo, Central

Java, P: +62-251-320253, 311097,[email protected]

! Duta Awam Foundation, Jln. Adi Sucipto 184 E! Bumi Kita Foundation, P: +62-21-8299309Kompl. Proyek Bengawan Solo, Karangasem,

P: +62-271-710156 ! Peka (Indonesia Centre for Conservation andInsect Studies), P: +62-251-626721,

! LPTP, Jln. Nuri IV no.8 dan 11 Sambeng,[email protected], Solo , Central Java,

P: +62- 0271- 712049, [email protected] ! Kembang Pala, P: +62-7776168

! LSK Bina Bakat, Jln. Bromo, Clolo Village, ! PANAP, P: +60-4-6570271, F: +60-4-6583960,RT.05/XIX, Kadipiro, Solo, Central Java 57136, [email protected]: +62-271-7088304

! FIAN International! Handal Mahardika, Medan, North Sumatera,

! SIBAT-The PhilippinesP: +62-81361475791

Annex:

List of Organization Involved in the Activities of PC 2004 in Indonesia


48/50


49/50


50/50

people caravan - bahasa ingris

Documents