pedagogy- transfer learning

8/2/2019 Pedagogy- Transfer Learning

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Learning Transfer

Efficiency & ability to apply the existing

experience, knowledge or skill, to new learning

process.

Process of conceptualization, generalization &

proactive inhibition are the old learning process

which influences the new learning process.


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Occur daily, especially in school.

Example,

- Maths skill used to learn Science.

- Language skill used to write

letter & essey.

It is a life-long process. (Career,

social life)


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Types of Learning Transfer

Positive learning transfer

Bilateral transfer

Mediated transfer

Learning set transfer

Negative learning transfer

Zero transfer


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Positive Learning Transfer

Lateral transferthe application or

acquired experience to another

same situation with same level of

difficulty.

Example, characteristic of air

(Science) can be used to explain

phenomenon of weather(Geography).


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Vertical transferincrease in experience

which has been attained to a higherlevel, so that learning process can be

upgraded further.

Example, students should learn the skillsof plusminusmultiply divide


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Bilateral transfer

Also is cross-training, learning transfer

in skill and training such as physical

education.

Training of right hand can increase

the skill of left hand. Same as leg.


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A - Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (20 times)- Use left leg try to kick the target 200 times (100 times)

- Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (40 times)

B - Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (20 times)

- Rest about 30 minutes

- Use right leg try to kick the target 50 times (30 times)

Conclusion, training by using left leg can enhance the skillright leg.

Example, Taekwondo testing

Taekwondo expert


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Mediated Transfer

When an individual, who has learneda certain fixed respond from theexternal stimuli, used the respond asa medium to form a new response

under the same category of previousstimuli.

Example, drawing of human parts

(drawing class) help to learn thename of human parts (science).


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Learning Set Transfer

Achieved through the experiences

acquired from a number of learning with

the same category.

Example, learn to use bicycle. Fall down

and ride again until success.


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Negative Learning Transfer

The old learning that interferes the newlearning and vice versa.

Proactive inhibitionthe previous learninginterferes the following learning process.

Example, learning of Physic will interferes

the following chemistry learning. (confuse

of concept)


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Retroactive inhibitionsubsequent newlearning interferes previous learning.

Example, learning of Mandarin languagemay cause students forgot the structure of

English language.


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Habitual inhibitionold habit interferes the

formation of new habit.

Example, a student always study in silentsituation. If the situation is noisy, his surely

cannot concentrate.


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Zero Transfer

Same as no learning transfer.

A certain new learning situation base

on old learning, where learning result iszero.

Example, you dont know to swim. You

see others swim. You cannot jump toswimming pool. See the skill of swim ucan swim.


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Principles of Learning Transfer

Principle of identical elementsThe

transfer of learning occur when both of

the learning's contain same elements

Example, Physic and Add. Maths


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Principle of sufficient basic trainingthe

more basic exercises held in the earlyperiod of learning, the more likely that

learning will take place.

Example, swimming .


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Principle of stimuli diversificationif

there are more diversified trainingduring the early learning period, its

more likely that learning transfer will

occur in the new learning.

Example, learning of BM & BI help

students to learn Science & Maths


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Principle of insightlearning transfer is

likely to occur with the use of insight andrepeated training.

Example, good in Maths (strong in basic)

help in Add. Maths, Physic, Business.


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Principle of learning setlearning set

acquired from a set of learning

experiences, will facilitate learning transfer

for the new learning.

Example, English help to master Scienceand Maths subject


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Theories of Learning Transfer

Identical elements theory: Thorndike

- learning transfer effective if old & new

learning have similar elements

- for example, Math & Physic

- important principles used for planning of

KBSR and KBSM


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Generalization Theory

Principles that acquired through

experiences is the main factor that

facilitates learning transfer.

Example, know the characteristic of dog.You wont get close to strange dog. But

kids may do.

Closely related to deduction

method/induction method, used to formprinciples and facilitate learning transfer.


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Transposition Theory

Emphasized the overall characteristics inhuman behavior/experience.

Also is Relationship Theory.

All element must organized to form an overallpattern. Not like Identical Elements Theorylook on similar element.

But, both theory contain spirit of cooperation &synthesis technique to defeat the opponentThe playing field is like a battle field Players& soldiers


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Strategy & Principle to Facilitate Positive LearningTransfer in Teaching-Learning Activities

The learning content should divided into stages based onthe principles from old learning to new learning of new skillor concept:

old skill -> new skill

acquired generalization -> formation of

new

generalization

basic materials -> new materials


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Other Strategies & Principles

Announce learning objectives before

lessons

- if pupils are informed with learning

objective, they may ready for what tolearn and how to prepare for exam


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Emphasis on acquiring concept and instillthinking skill

- Concept learning is a simple horizontal

learning transfer.

- Inquiry-discovery method provide

opportunity to observe, find ascertain,

think, analyze, interpret and finallydiscover concepts, principles, theorems,

or laws.


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Cumulative experiences & systematicorganization

- Experiences must well arranged: from

basic to more complex.

- Example, teach operation in addition ->

subtraction, multiplication, division- Also consider relationship between

subject for effective learning

- Example, concept in Maths -> concept inPhysic


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Teach concept with suitable examples

- Teaching & learning activities with

examples help student to know more the

concepts & principles taught.

- Example, teaching momentum concept

required available experiment.

- Concepts are abstract, concrete

examples are better for students.

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