pcb detailed
TRANSCRIPT
Making it at home
What is a PCB ? A PCB contains a fiber glass epoxy board with
thin copper layers attached to it. A photographic process is used to etch off the
copper where it is not needed to connect ICs. Prior to etching, all holes are drilled in the PCB
and it is electroplated so that the feed through holes connect to the different copper layers.
Electronic parts are soldered to copper mounting pads left after etching, and thin copper traces are used to connect the parts.
More on PCBs The designer must use a PCB layout CAD
tool to design the pads and interconnect lines.
The PCB layout tool produces the artwork for the photographic mask that is used to chemically etch the PCB.
Small simple boards have two copper layers.
Boards like PC motherboards are very complex and have 8-12 stacked layers of copper (more expensive setup charge – too high for student projects!)
Why we need PCB?
No wires Makes a design permanent In industrial scale production of circuits
Steps in making a PCB
Design schematic Design layout Fabricate the layout
Parts / Components Electronic components
Schematic symbol Description (used for BOM) Footprint (Simulation model)
Footprint examples:
DIP16 SOT23
Footprint examples:
SOIC8 PQFP240
Footprint examples:
FineLine BGA484 BGA256 TSOP48
Schematic capture
Export schematic to PCB
Place components on PCB
Distance from pad to trace > 10 mil
• Distance between components > 10 mil
PCB making softwares Autocrat EDA EAGLE FreePCB (open-source Win2K/XP) FreeRouting Cadstar Electronics Workbench gEDA, open-source PCB software
project OrCAD Allegro (Cadence) PADS Dip Trace
Dip Trace – Draw the Schematichttp://www.diptrace.com/http://www.diptrace.com/
Diptrace has a Free Version: Freeware edition does not support Diptrace has a Free Version: Freeware edition does not support export to DXF, Gerber and N/C Drill, max. number of pins — 250.export to DXF, Gerber and N/C Drill, max. number of pins — 250.
PCB Rapid Prototyping Systems
CNC machine mills out copper traces with small cutting tools and drills
OK for small quantity simple boards Interfaces to PCB design software files
Methods of etching Silk screen printing uses etch-resistant inks to protect the copper foil.
Subsequent etching removes the unwanted copper. Alternatively, the ink may be conductive, printed on a blank (non-conductive) board. The latter technique is also used in the manufacture of hybrid circuits.
Photoengraving uses a photomask and chemical etching to remove the copper foil from the substrate. The photomask is usually prepared with a photoplotter from data produced by a technician using CAM, or computer-aided manufacturing software. Laser-printed transparencies are typically employed for phototools; however, direct laser imaging techniques are being employed to replace phototools for high-resolution requirements.
PCB milling uses a two or three-axis mechanical milling system to mill away the copper foil from the substrate. A PCB milling machine (referred to as a 'PCB Prototyper') operates in a similar way to a plotter, receiving commands from the host software that control the position of the milling head in the x, y, and (if relevant) z axis. Data to drive the Prototyper is extracted from files generated in PCB design software and stored in HPGL or Gerber file format.
Toner Transfer Method
• A method of creating a printed circuit board (PCB) using a copy machine or a laser printer to make apply the etchant resist pattern
• Software now available to create schematic and PCB layout
• No expensive equipment is required but can be helpful in the home
• A simple process once the basics are mastered
Print to Transfer Paper
Transfer Toner to Board
Remove Paper from Toner
Soak 20+ Min. Warm, Soapy Water
Rub off the paper
Circuit Ready for Etching
Wash off the unwanted copper
Laser Printer
Toner is plastic based
Soldering
Troubleshooting
References http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/solder.htm
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-3-Different-Types-of-Printed-Circuit-Boards&id=3133963
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board
http://www.qsl.net/vk5cu/
http://bot-thoughts.blogspot.com/2009/08/simple-diy-pcb-etching.html
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/boards.htm
http://www.diptrace.com/books/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urv6jArKp6M
http://gilmore2.chem.northwestern.edu/projects/garbz2_prj.php
Thank You