patterns of macroevolution (and review of phylogenetic trees worksheet)
TRANSCRIPT
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PATTERNS OF MACROEVOLUTION(and review of phylogenetic trees worksheet)
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#1
Genus
Family
Order
Class
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#1B
No, they do not share a recent common ancestor
Should not group them together in any taxa without also including A, E and F
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2.
DNA Proteins Anatomical Homologies Embryos
Data supports tree II Camel is least related to others Hippo and whale share many similarities
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3.
Red P
anda
Racc
oon
Pan
da
Andean
Bear
Bla
ck B
ear
Gri
zzly
Bear
Pola
r B
ear
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4.
Moss
Alg
ae
Liverw
ort
Pin
e T
ree
Gin
kgo
Corn
Rose
Bush
Fern
-Terrestrial living
-Xylem
-Seeds
-Flowers
-Dicotyledon
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5. WOOPS. SHOULD HAVE BEEN NOT CONSISTENT…
A B and C are all consistent
D is not
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PATTERNS OF MACROEVOLUTION
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#1. TIMING
Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium Rate of
evolution is very slow and constant
(millions of years)
Evolution occurs in bursts (thousands of years) followed by millions of years of stasis
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MORE ON PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM
Evidence that evolution occurs more rapidly following environmental change
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#2 CONVERGENT
Different species evolve to appear similar despite different ancestry
Leads to formation of analogous structures
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EXAMPLE – PLACENTAL VS. MARSUPIAL MAMMALS
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EXAMPLE OF ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES - WINGS
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#3 DIVERGENT/ADAPTIVE RADIATION
Species evolve to look different
Often times many groups evolve from one common ancestor
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FALL OF DINOSAURS GAVE RISE TO ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF MAMMALS
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#4 COEVOLUTION Evolution of one species affects
evolution of another E.g. predator changes, causing prey
to change E.g. Plants and pollinators evolve in
tandem
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EXAMPLE – MILKWEED AND MONARCH BUTTERFLIES
Milkweed is toxic Monarch
butterflies feed on milkweed and have evolved to withstand the toxin
They become toxic to predators
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#5 APOSEMATIC COLORATION
Prey evolve very bright coloration
Predators have evolved to avoid butterflies with bright coloration
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#6 MIMICRY Harmless
species evolve to appear similar to toxic/dangerous species