parts of system unit
DESCRIPTION
CHS LessonTRANSCRIPT
-The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
SYSTEM UNIT
External parts of System
Unit
Ports- sockets used in connecting external devices. External connecting sockets located outside the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer.
- 6-pins, low-speed serial connections commonly dedicated to a keyboard and mouse.
PS/2 Port
- use to connect the monitor or display.
Video port
Universal Serial Bus (USB)- a high speed serial interface that is used with almost all devices.
Parallel ports /printer port- use to connect older printers. It has 25 pins.
LAN port (Network port)- A physical interface often used for terminating twisted pair type cables used to connect computers onto a local-area networks (LAN),
Serial port-Intended for serial type mouse, modems and older camera
Power Port-Intended for power cord.
Audio Ports- use to connect external audio devices.
-Microphone (Pink)- for connecting microphone.
- Earphone/speaker (Yellow-Green)- use to connect external speakers or earphones.
Line In (Light Blue)- serves as an audio input
Power Switch button- it is use to turn on/off the unit
Reset Button- it is use to restart the system when it freezes and all fails (not one to push in error)
Power LED- indicates that the computer is switched on.
Internal parts of
the System
Unit
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is also known as hard drive. This is the computer's main storage device used to store all data on the computer permanently.
Commonly, hard drives are permanently place in an internal drive bay located in front of the system case and are connected with either ATA or a SATA cable and power cable.
HARD DISK
Hard Disk Drive Capacities:
Desktop HDDs typically store between 60 GB and 4 TB (1 GB = 109 bytes).
Hard Disk Drive Connections:
PATA (Parallel ATA) and SATA (Serial ATA) ports are used for the connection of hard drives and optical drives. S-ATA
Cable
•IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) ribbon cable- used for connecting the hard disk drive and the CD-ROM drive to the mother board.
•S-ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.
Serial ATA was designed to replace the older AT Attachment standard (ATA; later referred to as Parallel ATA or PATA and often called by the old name IDE).
POWER SUPPLY UNIT – a metal cased assembly that converts AC utility power into special low voltage required by your computer’s circuitry.
Power ConnectorsMolex power
connector is a 4-pin power connector found in most computer power supplies. It is used to provide power to large internal drives like hard drives and CD/DVD drives.
Power Connectors
Berg connector which is much smaller and is used to power floppy drives.
ATX power connector
A connector that has 20 pins connector to the mother board. Modern power connectors can have 20 or 24 pins, depending on the power requirement for the processor.
AT power connector have two 6 pin connectors for the motherboard.
SATA power connector- A 15-pin SATA power connector use to provide power to Internal SATA DVD drives and Hard drives
CD-ROM/DVD-ROM DRIVE is a device that uses photo diodes to detect reflecting lights on optic discs and uses a laser to read or write data. Commonly, it uses the same cables as hard drives to connect to the motherboard.
IDE OPTICAL DRIVE
S-ATA OPTICAL DRIVE
Types of CD-ROM/DVD-ROM DRIVE
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY: The personal computer memory module also known as Random Access Memory (RAM) is a piece of hardware that allows stored data to be accessed randomly. Its main function is to store the data temporarily.
Types of Random Access Memory
SDRAM usually refers to first generation synchronous DRAM, which is slower than subsequent generations (DDR).
DDR - second generation of synchronous DRAM memory chips . The chip reads or writes two words of data per clock cycle. The DDR interface accomplishes this by reading and writing data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal.
RAM- Ramdom Access Memory
Stores programs permanently. This means, these programs cannot be changed nor erased; they can only be read. These programs are already present in the computer when it was bought. They are used by the computer to start and to function.
Read- Only Memory (ROM)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT: The CPU, or the Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the computer and one of the most important chip in the computer.
Kinds of Central Processing UnitPIN GRID ARRAY (PGA) is a type of integrated circuit packaging. The package is square or roughly square, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package.
LAND GRID ARRAY (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket rather than the integrated circuit.
Motherboard- a big printed circuit board. The main circuit board of the computer, that contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, bus, etc.
EXPANSION CARD Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter or interface card. Expansion cards are add-on cards that adds other capability to your computer.
VIDEO CARD is commonly known as graphics accelerator card, display adapter, or graphics card. It is responsible for producing the images that you see on your monitor.
PCI VIDEO CARD
Enables the computer to output sound to audio devices, as well as accept input from a microphone.
Sound Card
Chipsets- chips that connects the microprocessor to the rest of the motherboard and to the rest of the computer
Chipsets:
Northbridge- is a part of the chipsets that controls the high-speed channel such as communicating with RAM and graphics controller.
Southbridge- is a part of the chipset manages relatively slower devices such as the network interface and the USB Ports
Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor-Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM)
Stores the configuration of the PC, example; password, disk types, amount of memory installed, current time and dates.
•CMOS battery- used to preserve the computer’s clock time.