ISO/DIS 19694-5 Stationary source emissions — Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries —

Part 5: Lime industry

PRESENTATION FROM CEN TC264 WG33 SG5Julien Coubronne, EuLADr Martyn Kenny, Lafarge Tarmac (SG5 Convenor)

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The European Lime Association

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Lime, an essential but unseen material

• Lime is used in many products in everyday life: each EU citizen uses around 150g per day

• A versatile natural chemical used in many processes: As a key enabling material for many

industries (e.g. steel, aluminium, paper, glass, construction)

As a key product for environmental applications (e.g. drinking water treatment, flue gas cleaning, waste water treatment)

As an essential mineral product, but often unseen (e.g. toothpaste, sugar)

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Lime, an enabler for downstream industries

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Lime functionalities

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Why a GHG standard?

To support the on-going work of the lime sector to reduce GHG emissions by:

1. Facilitating the measurement, testing and quantifying of GHG emissions from lime manufacturing

2. Facilitating the comparison of GHG emissions performance of a lime manufacturing plants over time

3. Facilitating performance comparisons between lime manufacturing plants with different installation configurations but producing comparable products

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CEN TC 346 WG 33

ISO/DIS 19694-5

ISO/DIS 19694-1

EuLA “mirror” group with 30 experts

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Lime production - calcination

CaCO3 + energy CaO + CO2calcium lime carbon

carbonate dioxide

100 g 56 g 44 g

Process CO2

Combustion CO2

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Lime production process

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Lime production process

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Manufacture of lime - fuel mix

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Manufacture of lime - Average share of GHG emissions

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Lime GHG issues considered

• Range of kiln types• Range of capacities of plant• Range of lime products and qualities

- High calcium lime- Dolomitic lime

• Range of fuel types- Fossil (solid, liquid and gas)- Mixed fossil and biomass- Biomass

• Potential GHGs- CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, PFCs, HFCs

• Plants that import kiln stone• Plants that manufacture non-kiln stone aggregates• Plants that have on-site electricity generation• Plants that manufacture downstream products

- Downstream lime products- Other downstream products

• Ability to separately compare performance of quarry, kiln and downstream operations

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Kiln stone preparation

Kiln process Combustion

CO2 (Fuels)

Fuels

Electricity

Process CO2

Downstream processing

Fuels

Electricity

Electricity

Lime GHG system boundaries

Scope 1Direct emissions including extraction, quarry operations, transport to stone processing plant, processing (washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln

Scope 2Indirect emissions including extraction, quarry operations including quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing (washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln

Scope 3Includes imported kiln stone extraction, quarry operations including quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing (washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln

Fuels & Electricity

Scope 1

Direct emissions from the manufacture of lime

Direct emissions from the production of LKD

Direct emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels

Scope 2 Indirect emissions from kiln operation and infrastructure

Scope 1 Direct emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling, hydrating or packing

Scope 2 Indirect emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling, hydrating or packing

Process CO2

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Overview of methodologies

Lime kiln

Dedustingsystem

Kiln stone

m LS

Run-Of-Kiln (ROK) lime

m LI-ROK

Stack emission

m CO2-stack

Lime Kiln Dust (LKD)

m LKD

• Mass-balance-based method- Input method- Output method

• Continuous stack measurement method

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Verification of the method for determining GHG emissions from the lime industryObjectives• Assess draft standard for Accuracy, Transparency,

Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality • Detailed assessment of the draft methodology for quantifying

direct GHG emissions from the lime kiln • Input and output mass-balance-based methods • Continuous stack measurement method

• Assess the draft methodology for quantifying direct non-kiln GHG emissions and indirect GHG emissions

• An assessment of the relevance of non-CO2 GHGs

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Verification work packages

• Work package 1Supervisor

• Work package 2Stack emissions measurement

• Work package 3On site operational data, samplingand sample preparation

• Work package 4Laboratory analysis ISO 17025

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Plant A• Parallel flow regenerative kiln (vertical kiln)• Single fuel fired (natural gas)• Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry• High calcium quicklime and hydrated lime products

Round 1June 2013Round 2December 2013

Plant B

• Rotary kiln (horizontal kiln)• Multiple fuel fired (coal, solvent waste, waste tyres,

biomass)• Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry• Dolime product

Round 1July 2013Round 2January 2014

Verification test schedule

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• Undertake a 48 hour mass balance based method• Measure and analyse input and output streams:

• Kiln stone• Run of kiln lime• Lime kiln dust• Kiln fuels• Non-kiln fuels• Electricity

• Continuous stackemissions method• Flow• Composition

(CO, CO2 and non-CO2 GHGs)

• Determine CO2e emissions and measure uncertainty

Verification test methodology

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Verification test resultsPl

ant A

Plan

t B

Round 1 Round 2

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• Findings from Round 1• Mass-balance-based method provided a reliable measure of GHG emissions with

relatively low uncertainty

• Question about collection of all ROK in output method – due to hang ups in silo

• Unrepresentative measurement of stack gas flow

• Check representative measurement of CO2 content using FTIR

• Check low detection of methane <0.2% of total CO2e

• Detection limits for some non-CO2 GHG with high Global Warming Potentials

• Improvements for Round 2• Ensure product silos are empty before test start and fully cleared following test completion

• Improve flow measurement position and increase frequency of measurement

• Include measurement of CO2 by non dispersive IR (EN 15058) as well as FTIR

• Include measurement of total VOCs (EN 12619) to confirm methane measurement

• Extend sampling periods for non-CO2 GHG (PFCs & HFCs) to reduce detection limits

Verification test development

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±23%

Plant A verification test resultsComparison of methods

±19.5% ±30.4%

±1.4% ±1.7%±1.0% ±1.2%

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Plant B verification test resultsComparison of methods

±1.9% ±1.9% ±2.4% ±2.6%

±15.3% ±20.5%

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Verification test conclusions

• The draft standard was found to satisfy the requirements for Accuracy, Transparency, Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality

• The mass-balance-based input and output methods are workable, produce results in close agreement and have reasonable levels of uncertainty, especially if conducted over 12 months

• The suitability of the stack measurement method is primarily dependent on the ability to make a representative measurement of the carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas and is especially sensitive to its flow rate

• The stack measurement method requires sophisticated equipment, a high degree of maintenance and often significant changes to the configuration of the flue gas pipes

• The verification tests show that the stack measurement method is likely to be subject to greater uncertainty than the calculation-based methods. For stack measurement compliance with reasonable uncertainty levels is likely to remain a challenge even when permanent measurement systems are optimised for plant characteristics

• Excluding the non-CO2 GHGs, does not have a significant impact on the completeness of the overall determination of GHGs

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Thank you !

Martyn Kenny, Sustainability director (Lafarge Tarmac)Julien Coubronne, Environmental and industrial adviser (EuLA)

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Stack emissions test methods – Round 1

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Stack emissions test methods – Round 2

EN 15259 Stationary source emissions – Requirements for the measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report

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Chemical analysis methods

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Fuel analysis methods

Sample Property Method

Natural Gas Calorific value EN ISO 6976-05