Part 4 Industry

Manufacturing Centers in Eastern Europe and RussiaManufacturing Centers in Eastern Europe and Russia

Major Manufacturing Regions of RussiaMajor Manufacturing Regions of Russia

The Former Soviet UnionThe Former Soviet Union

• Moscow developed light industry in the last days of the Tsars and St. Petersburg focused on machinery, optics, medical equipment, shipbuilding, chemicals & textiles

• Soviets emphasized heavy industry-established Nizhni Novgorod (southeast of Moscow) as the “Detroit of the Soviet Union”

• WW II Soviets shifted industries east to protect them from the German advance-Volga area & Urals

• Ural Mountains provided metallic ores:copper, iron, nickel, chromite, bauxite, etc.

• Siberia coal and iron remained important• Kuzbas, Krasnoyarsk and Lake Baykal region served by

Trans-Siberian Railroad-impressive coal, timber & water resources

Major Manufacturing Regions of East AsiaMajor Manufacturing Regions of East Asia

Shanghai SteelMill

Eastern Asia-ChinaEastern Asia-China• Japan built steel mills in Dongbei (Manchuria) during its occupation in WW II

• From 1949 until 1969 Soviet planners helped the China industrialize

• Tonghua Iron & Steel is subsidized and operated by the Communist Party.

• Built in 1958, it employs 29,000 workers-China produces 30% of the world’s steel

Eastern Asia-ChinaEastern Asia-China• Shanghai recently beat out

Rotterdam as the busiest port in the world.

• China has many jobs that or outsourced or moved offshore.

• Northeast is China’s rust belt with many state-run inefficient factories.

• Dalian, Shanghai, Zhuhai, Xiamen & Shenzhen- smog-choked cities jammed with people-rapidly changing with new construction & renewal

Eastern Asia-ChinaEastern Asia-China• Shenyang on the Liao River became the “Chinese Pittsburgh” with machine-making and steel production.

• Shanghai & Chang River district is the 2nd largest industrial region of China-rail cars, ships, books, food & chemicals

• Enormous labor force, low daily wages, few restrictions have attracted foreign companies to China’s Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Coal=65% of China’s energy &

Consumption could double in 20 years

Shoe factories in Guangdong Province China

A Dormitory for Workers in Dongguan, China

Eastern Asia-JapanEastern Asia-Japan• ½ the US population, size of California, limited resources, yet remarkable industrial growth-Meiji Restoration 1860s

• Kanto Plain includes Tokyo-Yokohama-Kawasaki metro areas=2nd biggest megalopolis on earth-produces 20% of Japan’s total goods

• Kansai District, Kobe-Kyoto-Osaka triangle is the 2nd area-steel, chemicals, autos, shipbuilding & textiles

The Imperial Palace in The Imperial Palace in TokyoTokyo

After WW II, Japanese industry recovered quickly due to its large supply of cheap, highly skilled labor

• Japan rapidly industrialized in the late 19th cent.

• Due to a lack of resource, Japan acquired colonies on the Asian mainland at the expense of China.

• In the 1930s militarists dominated the government & began a policy of further expansion.

At left-Kamikaze pilots At left-Kamikaze pilots bow before the bow before the

EmperorEmperor

• Right-the Right-the ruined ruined Japanese Japanese landscape landscape after after WWIIWWII