paraphrasing 07.29.2013
DESCRIPTION
Restating Another Work ini Your Own WordsTRANSCRIPT
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing: Restating Another Work in Your Own
Words
Prepared by Dr. Andree SwansonAC Swanson Group, Highlands Ranch, CO
Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Academic WritingAcademic Writing
1Image(s) from Microsoft Clip Art.
What is paraphrasing?
Why do we use paraphrasing?
Citing your source
Include the in-text or parenthetical citation
No need to include page or paragraph number
Reducing the number of quotes in a paper
2Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Question You’ve been asked to paraphrase a
paragraph for a paper? How do you do it?
3Image(s) from Microsoft Clip Art. Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Answer You are turning the words that you read into your
own words.
You avoid:
Including your opinion
Using a quote from the source
It is as if you are translating the words from the
author’s to yours.
4Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
5Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Question You can easily put the section that you want
to use in quotes, cite the source, and then
avoid plagiarism; however, your faculty
member says: “You need to avoid too many
long quotes”. So, what do you do?
6Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Answer
You need to put the work in your own
words
Otherwise you are stealing someone else’s work
A good paraphrase is exact, complete, and in
your own words
You must cite your source
7Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Remember… there is no new
information in the world
Unless you are working on your
doctoral dissertation and coming up
with new concepts, theories, and
material, you are presenting someone
else’s ideas in your research paper or
thesis.
8Image(s) from Microsoft Clip Art. Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Think like an auditor…
What does this mean? It is your paper trail to your resource.
If you find a citation within the text, you can
be assured (if done right), that there will be a
corresponding reference on your Works Cited
(MLA) or Reference (APA) page.9Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Here is an example using an exact quote
The teacher entered into a contract with
the school district to work at a specific
school. “The classical definition of a
contract is a legally binding agreement
made between two or more person” (Carby-
Hall, 2003, p. 24). 10Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Here is an example using a paraphrase
The teacher entered into a contract with the
school district to work at a specific school. A
contract is a compulsory agreement between
at least two people. A contract can be held up
in court. It is a legal document (Carby-Hall,
2003). 11Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
The teacher entered into a contract with the school district to work at a specific school. A contract is a compulsory agreement between at least two people. A contract can be held up in court. It is a legal document
(Carby-Hall, 2003).
Note that the page or paragraph number is not included when you paraphrase.
12Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Essentially the ONLY time that you should use a quotation is when your source states: an opinion that someone
may question,
presents a vivid description of a personal feeling or personal historical event,
defines a term,
makes a statement that you cannot reasonably paraphrase,
or makes a statement that you want to argue against in considerable
detail.
13Image(s) from Microsoft Clip Art. Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Pay attention to how many quotes that
you use. If more than 5-10% of your paper consists
of quotations, you must have very sound
justification for having so many quotes. Avoid placing one quote after another.
14Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Scholarly journals normally indicate that if
more than 30% of the information in your
paper comes from any single source, then
you must co-author your paper with that
other author. This is a major reason that you must use
more than one source for your paper
and/or presentation. 15Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
Avoid the temptation to read an article and copy that
author's thought pattern (ideas) into your own paper. This is similar to creating a computer program that has
a similar look and feel" to another program without
obtaining permission. Many companies have lost millions of dollars for such
acts. The written version is called plagiarism and also has
cost authors their reputations and/or substantial lawsuit
settlements.
16Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
When in doubt, ask your faculty
member. He/she will be able to
coach you through the process of
paraphrasing.
17Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013
18Image(s) from Microsoft Clip Art. Copyright © AC Swanson Group 2009 - 2013