Paper Proposals

Citing Sources

What to do and how to do it.

What we’re learning today…1. When to quote2. When to paraphrase3. How to incorporate sources4. How to do in-text citations

“Why should I care?”

• Citing increases your:

1. Research quality2. Reasoning3. Reputation

Quote or paraphrase?

• A quote is something you take directly from the text– “An apt quotation is like a lamp which flings its

light over the whole sentence.”(Letitia Elizabeth Landon)

• Paraphrasing means putting it into your own words– How would you explain what you read to

someone else?

When to quote!

• When:

• You “can’t say it any better”

• The wording is perfect for what you need

When to paraphrase!

• When:

• You need it to be shorter

• You can “say it better”• Quoting is not

necessary

Incorporating Sources

• Three steps:1. Begin with author’s full name, who they are,

and title of work2. Use the borrowed info3. End with in-text citation (page #, etc.)

Bad Example

Which information is borrowed??

Good Example #1

Good Example #2

Good Example #3

In-Text Citations

• Books and Articles: give the page number• (57) instead of (Stemmler 57)

• Websites: give the first few words of the web page title• (Facts About Cooking)

• Put the period after the citation• According to Stemmler, 30% of students fail each

year (65).

Let’s do an example…

• Book title: Weiner Dogs 101• Author: Ms. Bishop, dog expert• Borrowed info: “The dachshund is one of the

top 10 breeds in the United States.” from p. 2

Example #2

• Web page name: Facts About High Schoolers at Northwestern High School

• Author: Ms. Moore, intern at Northwestern• Borrowed info: “High school students really

like to text and sleep in class.”

Review

• When should we quote?• When should we paraphrase?• Three steps to incorporate sources• What goes in in-text citations?– Book or article– Website

Questions?• Today:– Going to library– TURN IN PROPOSALS (if you haven’t)– FOUR source cards DUE TODAY

• Due Soon:– 60 note cards due on MONDAY (11/18)– Outline due on TUESDAY (11/19)– Rough draft due on FRIDAY (11/22)

Turn things in ON TIME so that we can help you!