papal conclave presentation

7/29/2019 Papal Conclave Presentation

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Habemus Papam The Papal Conclave


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The Sources1983 Code of Canon Law

Apostolic Constitution of

Pope John Paul II

Universi Dominici Gregis

Ordo Rituum Conclavis

Motu Propio

Pope Benedict XVI

2007, 2013


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Can a Pope Resign His Office?

Pope Celestine V, 1294

Can. 332, 2. If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it isrequired for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly

manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone.

Pope Gregory XII, 1415


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The ProcessIt is in fact an indisputable

principle that the Roman Pontiff

has the right to define and adapt

to changing times the manner of

designating the person called toassume the Petrine succession in

the Roman See.

- Universi Dominici Gregis


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The Process[The Conclave] is not of its

nature necessary for the valid

election of the Roman Pontiff...

[However] I confirm by this

Constitution that the Conclave isto continue in its essential

structure.



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The Conclave

Conclave = con + clavis = with key

Three types:

1. Quasi ex inspiratione

2. Per compromissum

3. Per scrutinium


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Per compromissumA committee of nine to fifteen

unanimously chosen cardinals

might have been delegated, to

make the choice for all.

Pope John XXII, 1316


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Quasi ex inspirationeRather than formal ballots, the

electors simultaneously shouted

out the name of their preferred

candidate.

Pope Gregory XV, 1621


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The Process

I have thus considered it fitting not

to retain election by acclamation

quasi ex inspiratione ... it is no longer

an apt means of interpreting the

thought of an electoral college so

great in number and so diverse inorigin. It also appeared necessary to

eliminate electionper

compromissum ... because by its

very nature it tends to lessen the

responsibility of the individual

electors... the form of electing theRoman Pontiff shall henceforth be

per scrutinium alone.



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College of Cardinals

The Players

Full College of

Cardinals

207

Cardinal electors

Younger than 80

Maximum 120

Currently 117


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80 by when?

Conclave Sede vacante

Pope Paul VI


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#117

Cardinal Walter Kasper

(Germany)

President Emeritus of the

Pontifical Council for PromotingChristian Unity

Born 5 March 1933


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#118

Cardinal Lubomyr Husar

Major archbishop emeritus of the

Ukrainian Catholic Church

Born 26 February 1933


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The Three Types of Cardinals

Cardinal Bishop Cardinal Priest Cardinal Deacon

Cardinal Re (Italy) Cardinal Ouellet (Canada) Cardinal Burke (USA)

Can. 350 1. The college of cardinals is divided into three orders: the episcopal order, to which belong cardinals to whom

the Roman Pontiff assigns title of a suburbicarian church and Eastern patriarchs who have been brought into the college

of cardinals; the presbyteral order and the diaconal order.


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Major Players

Cardinal DeanSummons Cardinals to Rome

Camerlengo Cardinal Protodeacon

Cardinal Sodano (Italy) Cardinal Bertone (Italy) Cardinal Tauran (France)


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The Minor Players

Master of Papal

Liturgical

Celebrations

Junior Cardinal

DeaconTwo

Ecclesiastics

Msgr. Guido Marini Cardinal Harvey (USA)

?Known for their sound doctrine,

wisdom and moral authority


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The Places

Domus Sanctae Marthae


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The Places

Basilica of St. Peters


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The Places

Pauline Chapel


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The Places

Sistine Chapel


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The Places


Sistine Chapel

Pauline Chapel

Domus Sanctae Marthae


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Before the Conclave

Arrange for the destruction of the

Fishermans Ring and lead seal

and the sealing of the papal

apartments.

Set the day and hour for the

Conclave: 15-20 days after the

See is vacant.

BXVI (2013 Motu propio): 15days can be waived if all

cardinals are present and more

than half vote to proceed

earlier.


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The Morning Mass



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The Afternoon Gathering

Pauline Chapel


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From the Pauline Chapel a formal procession begins, with a

processional cross and the Book of the Gospels. First there is a Litany

of Saints from both East and West, followed by the of the Veni Creator

Spiritus, as the solemn processions continues to the Sistine Chapel of

the Apostolic Palace, where the election will be held.


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The Rules

The Cardinal electors are to refrain from receiving or

sending messages of any kind outside Vatican

City ... It is specifically prohibited to the Cardinal

electors, for the entire duration of the election, to

receive newspapers or periodicals of any sort, to

listen to the radio or to watch television.



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The Rules

I absolutely forbid the introduction into the place of the

election, under whatsoever pretext, or the use, should they

have been introduced, of technical instruments of any kind

for the recording, reproducing or transmitting of sound,

visual images or writing.

In a special way, careful and stringent checks must be

made, with the help of trustworthy individuals of proven

technical ability, in order to ensure that no audiovisualequipment has been secretly installed in these areas for

recording and transmission to the outside. (UDG)


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The Rules

Those who ... carry out any functions associated

with the election, and who directly or indirectly

could in any way violate secrecy whether by

words or writing, by signs or in any other way

are absolutely obliged to avoid this, lest they incur

the penalty of excommunicationlatae sententiae

reserved to the Apostolic See. (UDG)


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The Conclave


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The Oath

Senior Cardinal: We, the Cardinal electors ...

Individual Oath with hand over Gospels: And I, N. Cardinal N., do so promise, pledge

and swear. So help me God and these Holy Gospels which I touch with my hand.


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The Oath

We, the Cardinal electors present in this election of the Supreme Pontiff promise,pledge and swear, as individuals and as a group, to observe faithfully and

scrupulously the prescriptions contained in the Apostolic Constitution of theSupreme Pontiff John Paul II, Universi Dominici Gregis,published on 22

February 1996. We likewise promise, pledge and swear that whichever of us bydivine disposition is elected Roman Pontiff will commit himself faithfully to

carrying out the munus Petrinum of Pastor of the Universal Church and will notfail to affirm and defend strenuously the spiritual and temporal rights and the

liberty of the Holy See. In a particular way, we promise and swear to observe withthe greatest fidelity and with all persons, clerical or lay, secrecy regarding

everything that in any way relates to the election of the Roman Pontiff and

regarding what occurs in the place of the election, directly or indirectly related tothe results of the voting; we promise and swear not to break this secret in any way,

either during or after the election of the new Pontiff, unless explicit authorizationis granted by the same Pontiff; and never to lend support or favour to any

interference, opposition or any other form of intervention, whereby secularauthorities of whatever order and degree or any group of people or individuals

might wish to intervene in the election of the Roman Pontiff.


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The Oath

Senior Cardinal: We, the Cardinal electors swear on The Book to do things by the book.

(Jakes paraphrase)

Individual Oath with hand over Gospels: And I, N. Cardinal N., do so promise, pledge

and swear. So help me God and these Holy Gospels which I touch with my hand.


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Preparatory Acts

Extra omnes!

Address by the ecclesiastic

Prayers from the Ordo

Guido and the ecclesiastic

leave

Senior Cardinal asks if they can

begin

Msgr. Piero Marini

Small little detail: There are others in the room!


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The Voting Begins

117 Eligible Electors

Must in the Vatican, but can

be outside Sistine chapel

due to illness

Two-thirds needed (78 votes)

One ballot on first afternoon

Two morning ballots and twoevening ballots on following

days

Benedict XVI: 4th ballot

John Paul II : 8th ballot

Cardinal Darmaatmadja (Indonesia) not attending.

Cardinal OBrien (UK) not attending.

115 needs 77 votes


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Three Phases

Pre-scrutiny

Scrutiny

Post-Scrutiny


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Pre-scrutiny

Preparation and Distribution of

ballots

Drawing lots for three roles

Scrutineers

Revisers

Infirmarii Junior Cardinal

Deacon

Cardinal Harvey (USA)


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Scrutineers Infirmarii

The Players

Cardinal Canizares

(Spain)

Revisers

Cardinal Scola

(Italy)

Cardinal Dolan

(USA)

Cardinal Turkson

(Ghana)

Cardinal Bagnasco

(Italy)

Cardinal Schnborn

(Austria)

Cardinal Erdo

(Hiungary)

Cardinal Pell

(Australia)

Cardinal Dziwisz

(Poland)


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The Ballots

The ballot paper must be rectangular in

shape and must bear in the upper half, in

print if possible, the words Eligo in

Summum Pontificem; on the lower half

there must be a space left for writing the

name of the person chosen; thus the

ballot is made in such a way that it can befolded in two.


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The Ballots


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The Ballots


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Scrutiny Proper

Placing of ballots in receptacle

Mixing and counting

Opening of votes


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The First Urn and Plate


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Votes are Cast

Each Cardinal elector, in order of precedence, having

completed and folded his ballot, holds it up so that it can

be seen and carries it to the altar, at which the Scrutineers

stand and upon which there is placed a receptacle,

covered by a plate, for receiving the ballots. Having

reached the altar, the Cardinal elector says aloud the

words of the following oath:I call as my witness Christ

the Lord who will be my judge, that my vote is given

to the one who before God I think should beelected. He then places the ballot on the plate, with

which he drops it into the [first] receptacle. Having done

this, he bows to the altar and returns to his place.


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Those Who are Sick (Absentee Ballots?)

Scrutineers Infirmarii

Before giving the box to the Infirmarii, theScrutineers open it publicly, so that the other

electors can see that it is empty; they are

then to lock it and place the key on the altar.


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Those Who are Sick (Absentee Ballots?)

Junior Cardinal Deacon(Porter)The Infirmariithen take the box

back into the Chapel, where it

shall be opened by the

Scrutineers after the Cardinals

present have cast their votes.The Scrutineers then count the

ballots in the box and, having

ascertained that their number

corresponds to the number ofthose who are sick, place

them one by one on the plate

and then drop them all

together into the receptacle.

Infirmarii


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Counting of the Votes

Scrutineers After all the ballots of the Cardinal electors

have been placed in the receptacle, the

first Scrutineer shakes it several times in

order to mix them, and immediately

afterwards the last Scrutineer proceeds to

count them, picking them out of the urn in

full view and placing them in another

empty receptacle previously prepared for

this purpose. If the number of ballotsdoes not correspond to the number of

electors, the ballots must all be burned

and a second vote taken at once.


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Election of Pope Urban VIII (1623)

Vatican Museum


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Election of Pope Urban VIII (1623)

Vatican Museum


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Tallying of the Votes

ScrutineersThe first Scrutineer takes a ballot, unfolds

it, notes the name of the person chosen

and passes the ballot to the second

Scrutineer, who in his turn notes the

name of the person chosen and passesthe ballot to the third, who reads it out in

a loud and clear voice, so that all the

electors present can record the vote on a

sheet of paper prepared for that purpose.

When all the ballots have been opened,the Scrutineers add up the sum of the

votes obtained by the different names

and write them down on a separate sheet

of paper.


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Tallying of the Votes

The last Scrutineer, as he reads out the

individual ballots, pierces each one with a

needle through the word Eligo and places it on a

thread, so that the ballots can be more securely

preserved. After the names have been read out,the ends of the thread are tied in a knot, and the

ballots thus joined together are placed in a

receptacle or on one side of the table.

Scrutineers


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Post Scrutiny

Checking of the work of the

Scrutineers

Burning of the Ballots

Revisers


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Immediately after the checking has taken place,

and before the Cardinal electors leave the Sistine

Chapel, all the ballots are to be burnt by the

Scrutineers... If however a second vote is to takeplace immediately, the ballots from the first vote

will be burned only at the end, together with

those from the second vote... [Each Cardinal

electors] notes are to be burnt together with the

ballots.


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White = Habemus Papam!

Black = Habemus non Papam.


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White = Just Ballots

Black = Ballots + Wet Straw


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White = Coloring Chemical + Bells

Black = Coloring Chemical

(+ wet straw?)


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Repeat, Repeat, Repeat

In [the] second ballot all the

formalities of the previous

one are to be observed, with

the difference that the

electors are not bound to

take a new oath or to choose

new Scrutineers, Infirmarii

and Revisers. Everything

done in this regard for thefirst ballot will be valid for the

second one, without the

need for any repetition.


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The Case of Deadlock

Three days of voting

(1 + 3*4 = 13 ballots)

Speech! (And a day off)

7 more ballots (13 + 7 = 20)


7 more ballots (20 + 7 = 27)


7 more ballots (27 + 7 = 34)


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The Preachers

Senior Cardinal

Bishop

Senior Cardinal

Priest

Senior Cardinal

Deacon

Cardinal Re (Italy)Cardinal Danneels (Belgium)Cardinal Tauran (France)

What about Cardinal Sodano?


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The Case of

Serious Deadlock

One more day of

reflection occurs.

Then there is a runoff

between the top two

candidates.


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Runoff with 50% Runoff with 2/3

Two candidates dont get a vote!


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An Interesting Record is Kept

Camerlengo

Cardinal Bertone (Italy)The Cardinal Camerlengo of Holy

Roman Church shall draw up a

document, to be approved also by

the three Cardinal Assistants,

declaring the result of the voting at

each session. This document is to

be given to the Pope and will

thereafter be kept in a designated

archive, enclosed in a sealedenvelope, which may be opened

by no one unless the Supreme

Pontiff gives explicit permission.


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The Acceptance

Cardinal Re Msgr. Guido Marini

Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff?

By what name do you wish to be called?

Makes a record

of acceptance

Says this

(In Latin)


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When Does the Pope Become Pope?

After his acceptance, the person elected, if he

has already received episcopal ordination, is

immediately Bishop of the Church of Rome, true

Pope and Head of the College of Bishops. He

thus acquires and can exercise full and supremepower over the universal Church. If the person

elected is not already a Bishop, he shall

immediately be ordained Bishop.

So who can be elected?


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Non Cardinal Popes

Was not a cardinal

Pope Urban VI, 1378

Was not a priest

Pope Leo X, 1513


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The Acceptance

Most Holy Father, in this solemn and mysterious plan of

divine Providence, you have been elected to the Chair of

Peter. Before raising our voice to God in thanksgiving for

your election, together with the Blessed Mary Mother of

God, ever Virgin, and all the saints, it is well that weremember the words with which our Lord Jesus Christ

promised to Peter and his successors the primacy of the

apostolic ministry and love. (Jakes translation of the Latin)

- Senior Cardinal BishopCardinal Re (Italy)


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The Acceptance

The new pope rises, and all stand

as the senior Cardinal Deacon

proclaims the Gospel text. There

are two choices. The first is Matt.16:13-19 (You are Peter, and upon

this rock I will build my church.)

The second is John 21:15-17

(Simon, son of John, do you loveme? Feed my sheep.)

Cardinal Protodeacon

Cardinal Tauran (France)


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The Acceptance

O God, who in the design of your

wisdom have built your Church on

the rock of Peter, head of the

apostolic college, watch and

support our Pope N., whom youhave chosen the successor of Peter

as a visible source and foundation of

unity in faith and communion in

charity. Through Christ our Lord.Amen. (Jakes translation of the Latin)

Senior Cardinal

Priest

Cardinal Danneels (Belgium)


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The Acceptance

Each cardinal elector,

according to rank,

approaches the newly

elected Pope and offers an

act of homage and

obedience.


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The Acceptance

The new Pope begins theGregorian Chant Te Deum.


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The new pope goes to the "Room of Tears", a small red room next to the Sistine Chapel. The

pope dresses by himself, choosing a set of pontifical choir robes (white cassock, rochet and

red mozzetta) from three sizes provided. Then, he vests in a gold corded pectoral cross and a

red embroidered stole. He wears a white zucchetto on his head.


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Habemus Papam!

The Protodeacon, from

the Papal balcony,

announces the election.

Cardinal Tauran (France)

Cardinal Medina (Chile)


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Habemus Papam!

Annuntio vobis gaudium

magnum:

Habemus Papam!

Eminentissimum acreverendissimum Dominum,

DominumRaymondum

Sanct Roman Ecclesi

CardinalemBurke,

Qui sibi nomen imposuitPii

Decimitertii.


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Habemus Papam!

I announce to you a great joy:

We have a Pope!

The most eminent and most

reverend Lord,

Lord Raymond Cardinal of

the Holy Roman Church

Burke,Who takes for himself the

name of Pius XIII.


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