panel: “the role of government in communications”
TRANSCRIPT
Panel: “The Role of Government in Communications”
Moderator:
Robert Reisner, President, Transformation Strategies, Inc
Panelists:
Farah Abdalla, Innovation Expert
Richard John, Professor Columbia Journalism School at Columbia
University
Judith Resnik, Arthur Liman Professor of Law at Yale Law School
The Civic Mandate of the United States Postal Service,
1792 to the Present
Richard R. John
Washington, D. C. PostalVision 2020
April 2013
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“For the purpose of diffusing knowledge, as well as extending the living principle of government to every part of the united states—every state—city—county—village—and township in the union, should be tied together by means of the post-office. This is the true non-electric wire of government. It is the only means of conveying heat and light to every individual in the federal commonwealth…..It should be a constant injunction to the postmasters, to convey newspapers free of all charge for postage. They are not only the vehicles of knowledge and intelligence, but the centinels of the liberties of our country.”
Benjamin Rush, American Museum, January 1787
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"To dream that such a system can be set in motion and kept in motion by individual enterprise, and can act as cheaply and regularly for the whole country, and for all mailable matter, without great central regulations, armed with official power, and penalties, is to dream as wildly as in the tales of the Arabian Nights. Private enterprise might succeed in a compact territory, with forty or fifty people to the square mile, or two or three hundred, and, in some places, thousands--amid the din of spindles and the rattle of pavements--and for light and small letters; but what could it do for the county of Coos, or Tioga, or for Iowa, and Florida, and Oregon.”
Levi Woodbury, jury charge, 1847
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Anton Refregier, “History of San Francisco,” Rincon Center Postal Annex, San Francisco
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Enabling the digital economy: Postal services of the 21st century
Farah Abdallah, PhD
Innovation expert
Postal services of the 21st century
E-communication
E-finance
E-government
E-commerce
E-government
services
Rise of entrepre-neurship
and SMEs
International e-
commmerce and trade
Digital and financial inclusion
Cyber-security issues
Inter-connection of services
and networks
Efficient and
affordable distribution
network
Inclusive Information society
Opportunities
Digital
economy
Challenges
The government leveraging postal services to break through
the challenges of the digital economy
• Malaysia Post has transformed its posts
offices in rural areas as community
broadband centers
• Open in association with the Ministry of
Communications, Science and Technology
(MCST)
• According to UPU statistics, more than 60
Posts worldwide are offering public internet
access point in over 31,000 post offices,
connecting the nations to the digital economy
Improve Productivity
NATIONAL
Competitiveness
Balanced Development
CONSUMERS
Service Satisfaction
EMPLOYEES
Professionalism
ENVIRONMENT
Less Carbon Emission
NPS (2010-2014)
National Postal Strategy
An inclusive Information Society:
Posts as business and communication centers
Postepay pre-paid cards
Poste Italiane
Poste Mobile
• First postal company worldwide to become Mobile
virtual network operator with PosteMobile
• In 3 years, Poste Mobile has achieved a record of
over 2.2 million SIM cards sold
• 75% of customers are also using their mobile
phones to make payments and to transfer money
(similar to Safaricom/M-PESA levels)
Postepay
• Postepay prepaid card introduced in 2003
• Most outstanding success in Poste Italiane’s recent
history
• 7 million people use Postepay cards today
• Allows for payments online and at POS and
withdrawals at ATMs
Poste Mobile Customers can:
• Access their BancoPosta
accounts (postal savings)
• Pay bills
• Reload postepay prepaid cards
• Send international remittances
through Moneygram
• Top up mobile phones
An inclusive Information Society:
Inclusive financial services
• one-stop shops
• single sign-on
• e-forms, documents, certificates
• organization- spanning processes
• elimination of barriers
• limiting losses
• e-commerce:
• procurement, sale
• invoicing, payment
• education
• e-health
• secure e-mail
• social netwo
• identity theft & fraud
• cyber crime
• spam
• Abuse
1- Proof of identity
2- Proof of function
3-Universal identifier
(UID)
E-government services:
Electronic identity
• The government and post of Tunisia partnered to
provide M@ilPost service to support the
implementation of the e-government strategy and the
WSIS goals.
• M@ilPost offer citizens:
• A universal free secure email service linked to
the physical address and identity of the customer
• A postal digital box, dedicated to the electronic
reception and storage of government and
administrative documents, bills, mail from social
and educational institutions, and others
• A secure multi-channel delivery available 7/7
and 24h of communication (mail, SMS; MMS,
Web,..) using encryption techniques and UPU
standards (S-43, S-52)
40 000 users in
year 1
E-government services:
Electronic mail box service
International e-commmerce and trade
Posts provide e-commerce portals:
Saudi Arabia, Korea, Malaysia, Tunisia, Brazil,
France to empower SMEs affordable access to
e-commerce market
Benefits:
• Inclusion: rural areas/underserved communities
sell and buy products through the e-mall
• Government policy set the rule for national
economy development and product selection
• Post can make sure that suppliers are reliable
• Product quality inspection and offering
accurate information
• Customer support and call center
• Competitive prices
• Portal is accessible in post offices, on the
internet, on mobile phones etc.
• Access to international markets
(2) Order Korean
agricultural
product through
the Internet
(3) Safe
Delivery
Korea post:
• 7,200 items were displayed in 2009
• Achieving 135 million US dollars
sales in 2009
• Growth of the number of
participating companies (100 times
more than at the initial stage)
International e-commmerce and trade
E-commerce portal
Rise of entrepreneurship and SMEs
“Exporting by Mail”: The South American
experience
• « Easy export » (Exporta Facil): trade
facilitation through the postal network
• Cooperation with the World Bank and the
Inter-American Development Bank
• The governments initiated the program to
boost the competitiveness of MSMEs and
facilitate for them access to international
markets
• The post is a key partner to simplify
physical export processes using ICTs
(logistics, information, training)
• A UPU study showed that the service is
more widely used in poorer areas.
0.1612.23
30.75
43.88
62.35
100.71
121.50
154.22
175.14
204.86
184.12
238.65
254,00
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
November
Actual Estimated
Graph: Export volumes using Exporta Fácil service in Brazil (all operators, in
million USD)
• About 10 000 businesses that have
never export before were able to
access external markets.
• In Peru, within 6 months, 300 firms
(SMEs) have used the service,
300,000 USD worth of good,
monthly rate of increase of 30%
Inventing Democratic Government: the Post, the Press, and the Courts
prepared for
The Role of Government in Communication
Judith Resnik Yale Law School
© All Rights Reserved
Postal Vision 2020Washington, DCApril 24, 2013
PostalVision, April 24, 2013, rev. April 19, 2013
These materials relate to the book Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms, by Judith Resnik and Dennis E. Curtis (Yale University Press, 2011).
United States Custom House, Galveston, Texas. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young, 1861; converted for use as a federal courthouse in 1917.
Image reproduced courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.
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United States Post Office (United States Court House and Post Office), Denver, ( ), ,Colorado, 1892. Supervising Architects: Mifflin E. Bell and Will. A. Freret.
Image reproduced courtesy of the Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, , WH-1573. Photographer: Wm. Henry Jackson.
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United States Post Office and Courthouse, renamed in 1994 the Byron R. White United States Courthouse, Denver, Colorado. Architects: Tracy, Swartwout & Litchfield, 1916.
Image reproduced courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.
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Article III Authorized Judgeships: District, Circuit, and Supreme Courts,
Judgeships1901, 1950, 2001
Judgeships
665700
District Court
Court of Appeals
500
600Court of Appeals
Supreme Court
300
400
212179200
300
70
28
65
9 9 90
100
Total judgeships
1901: 107
Total judgeships
1950: 286
Total judgeships
2001: 853
© Judith Resnik 2011
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Civil and Criminal Filings in United States District Courts, 1901 1950 20011901, 1950, 2001
300,000
Criminal
Filings
254,523
200 000
250,000Civil
150,000
200,000
63,47354,622
100,000
16,73437,720
11,971
0
50,000
Total Total TotalTotal 1901:
28,705
Total 1950:
92,342
Total 2001:
317,996\
© Judith Resnik 2011
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Thomas F. Eagleton Federal Courthouse, St. Louis, Missouri, 2000. Architects: Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, Inc. Photographer: The Honorable David D. Noce, U.S. Magistrate d f h i i f i i h h f d d d i hJudge for the Eastern District of Missouri. Photograph courtesy of and reproduced with
the permission of the photographer.
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Example of cellular phone contract, 2002Example of cellular phone contract, 2002
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United States Post Office and Courthouse, renamed in 1994 the Byron R. White United States Courthouse, Denver, Colorado. Architects: Tracy, Swartwout & Litchfield, 1916.
Image reproduced courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.
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“Post Office Buildings with Character, and Maybe a Sale Price”
Pictures accompanying the article by Robin Pogrebin, New York Times, March 8, 2013.
Photographs by the capital Newspaper (Annapolis); Christopher Gregory/The New York Times (Washington); Fred R Conrad/ The New York Times (Norwich and Westchester)Times (Washington); Fred R. Conrad/ The New York Times (Norwich and Westchester)
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Utilities, Agendas, Democratic Ideologies: g gRedistributive Egalitarianism
“The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational,Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities.”
39 U.S.C § 101 (a) (1970/ 2012)
The British Post Office Department is the “most majestic system of public education which was j y pever set on foot anywhere.”
Edward Everett Hale, 1891
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People “in every corner of the country” are able to send “at reasonable cost and with reasonable effort” letters and documents that will be delivered “within a reasonable period of timedelivered within a reasonable period of time and almost complete security.”
James I. Campbell, Jr., Universal Service Obligation 21, in POSTAL REGULATORYgCOMMISSION, REPORT ON UNIVERSAL POSTAL SERVICE
AND THE POSTAL MONOPOLY, app B (2008).
“Member states shall ensure the . . . permanent provision of a postal service of a specified quality at all points in their territory at affordable
i f ll [ h h ] h i lprices for all users . . . [such that] the universal service provider(s) guarantee(s) every working day . . . one delivery to the home . . . [for] postal items ”items . . . .
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council, 97/67/EC,15 December 1997, Article 3
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Transnational Mail: Inventing the Universal Postal Union
Signatories to this Treaty “form a single postal territory for the reciprocal exchange ofterritory for the reciprocal exchange of correspondence.”
1874 Treaty of Berne, Article I.
“The right of transit is guaranteed throughout the entire territory of the Union ”entire territory of the Union.
1874 Convention of Berne, Article X
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Wayne Thiebaud, Office Still Life, 1980Oil on canvas, 16 x 20 inchesCollection of Wayne and Betty Jean Thiebaud
Art © Wayne Thiebaud / Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY
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