packet tracer tutorial

Cable&Wireless

Cable&Wireless Technical Training Live Link ID: 21732355 Content Manager: Andrew Stringer Last Updated: 03/08/09 Course Code: 11601

Cisco Packet Tracer 5.1 Tutorial

Operations Training Cable&Wireless

Cable&Wireless Technical Training Live Link ID: 21732355 Content Manager: Andrew Stringer Last Updated: 03/08/09 Course Code: 11601

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OBJECTIVES ______________________________________________________________ 1

2. PACKET TRACER 5.1 INTERFACE _____________________________________________ 1

2.1. Common Tools Bar _____________________________________________________ 3

3. CREATING DEVICES ________________________________________________________ 4

3.1. Devices and Modules Routers_____________________________________________ 5

4. CONNECTING DEVICES _____________________________________________________ 6

4.1. Automatic Connection Type_______________________________________________ 7 4.2. Port States____________________________________________________________ 8

5. CONFIGURING DEVICES ____________________________________________________ 9

5.1. Configuring Router Hostname _____________________________________________ 9 5.2. Configuring Interfaces __________________________________________________ 10 5.3. Using the Command Line Interface Mode ___________________________________ 11

6. ADDING NOTES ___________________________________________________________ 11

7. SAVING YOUR CONFIGURATION_____________________________________________ 12

7.1. verifying connectivity ___________________________________________________ 13 7.2. Simulation Mode ______________________________________________________ 14 7.3. Creating a Simple Protocol Data Unit ______________________________________ 15 7.4. Event List____________________________________________________________ 16 7.5. Running the Simulation _________________________________________________ 16 7.6. Viewing the Results ____________________________________________________ 17

7.6.1. Fields in the Event List:___________________________________________ 17 7.7. PDU Information ______________________________________________________ 18 7.8. Inspecting Devices_____________________________________________________ 19 7.9. Device list ___________________________________________________________ 20 7.10. Setting Preferences ____________________________________________________ 21 7.11. The Physical Workspace ________________________________________________ 24


Cable&Wireless Technical Training Live Link ID: 21732355 Content Manager: Andrew Stringer 1 Last Updated: 03/08/09 Packet Tracer Tutorial

1. OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this exercise the student will be familiar with the Graphical User Interface of Ciscos Packet Tracer Version 5.1. This will be the grounding for all future labs during the rest of this course.

Navigate the menu structure Adding networking devices Adding NTE devices Cable Connection types Selecting Network modules Navigating the Side Bar Items Adding Parameters to the NTE devices Renaming devices Adding comments Simulation/Debugging the network

2. PACKET TRACER 5.1 INTERFACE

From your Windows clients Start Menu or desktop icon, open Packet Tracer 5.1. The application should start, displaying the Logical/Physical Workspace screen shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: Logical/Physical Workspace



Network Component Box This box is where you can select devices and connections that can be inserted into the workspace. It contains the Device-Type Selection Box and the Device-Specific Selection Box. Device-Type Selection Box This box contains the type of devices and connections available in Packet Tracer 5.1. The Device-Specific Selection Box will change depending on which type of device you choose. Realtime/Simulation Bar You can toggle between Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode with the tabs on this bar. This bar also provides buttons to Power Cycle Devices as well as the Play Control buttons and the Event List toggle button in Simulation Mode. Also, it contains a clock that displays the relative Time in Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode. User Created Packet Window This window manages the packets you put in the network during simulation scenarios.

Figure 2:

Common Tools Menu Bar

Network Component Box

Device-Type Selection Box

Realtime/Simulation Bar Device-Specific Selection Box

User Created Packet Window

Logical/Physical view



2.1. Common Tools Bar

This bar provides access to these commonly used workspace tools: Select, Move Layout, Place Note, Delete, Inspect, Add Simple PDU, and Add Complex PDU. The Common Tools Bar contains tools you will regularly use to interact with the workspace:

The Select tool is used to drag, highlight and select devices. The Move Layout tool is used to move the workspace The Place Note tool is used to add notes or labels in the workspace The Delete tool is used to delete devices and links.

Figure 3:

When you wish to delete an object, from the Logical Workspace you may either use the Delete Tool or you can also press the Delete Key and then click on the Item. When using tools from the Common Tools bar, you can quickly return to the Select Tool by pressing the Esc key.

Select tool for selecting devices or connections

Move tool for moving the entire topology

Note tool for adding notes anywhere on the topology

Delete tool for removing devices and links



3. CREATING DEVICES

Follow the diagram below to select a device and place it onto the Logical Workspace. When you have selected your device, drag and drop it onto a blank area on the logical workspace.

Figure 4:

If you would like to create multiple instances of the same device, hold down the CTRL key before clicking on the device. Click in the workspace placing a new device with each click. To cancel the process of creating multiple instances, click on the device again. (You can also hit the ESC key or simply click on another tool.) Devices can be dragged to a new location. Clicking and dragging a selection box around the desired devices can select multiple devices. You can also hold down the SHIFT key while you click on multiple devices you wish to make part of your multiple selections. Once selected, the highlighted devices can be moved around as a unit. A multiple selection can also be deleted by clicking on the Delete tool. The Delete tool can also be used to delete one device at a time. Use the Move Layout tool in place of the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to reposition your topology if it gets too big or if other windows are blocking your view. Use the Place Note tool to add information directly to the topology instead of using the Network Information window.

1. Click the Select tool, if required.

3. Select a device.

2. Choose a device type.

4. Drag onto the workspace



The Inspect tool allows you to look at a devices table such as the ARP, MAC and routing tables. At any point, you can save your topology using the Save button on the tool bar or the Save command from the File menu. Be sure to save it with the .pkt extension.

3.1. Devices and Modules Routers

When you insert a router into your workspace it will only have the default interfaces installed. To install interfaces into your router (you must have already placed the router into your workspace), double click on the device and the Physical Device View window should appear. Figure 4 shows the Physical Device View for a 2621XM. To install the required interface module, you must first power down the router by clicking on the power button. You then simply drag the module into the required router module or slot.

Figure 5:

Note! Remember to power up the router after you have finished installing interfaces. The modules that are available to be installed will be dependant on the type of router you inserted into your workspace.

Modules that can be installed in a 2621XM



4. CONNECTING DEVICES

To make a connection between two devices, first click the Connections icon from the Device-Type Selection box to bring up the list of available connections. Then click the appropriate cable type. The mouse pointer will change into a "connection" cursor. Click on the first device and choose an appropriate interface to which to connect. Then click on the second device and do the same. A connection cable will appear between the two devices, along with link lights showing the link status on each end (for interfaces that have link lights). Packet Tracer supports various connection types, including a console connection, crossover and straight through copper connections, serial DCE and DTE connections, coaxial, fiber, and phone lines.

Figure 6:

1. Choose the Connection icon.

2. Select the required Connection icon.

4. Click on the second device, select an interface to complete the connection.

3. Click on the first device and select the required interface.



4.1. Automatic Connection Type

The Automatic Connection Type is the easiest way for you to make connections between devices. The Smart Connection will select the most common type of connection between devices. For example, when connecting a router to a switch, the program will use a FastEthernet connection if a FastEthernet interface is available on both devices.

Figure 7:

To see which ports Packet Tracer selected when making the Automatic Connection, place the mouse over the new connection.



4.2. Port States

Figure 8:

Be aware that the link between the switch and the router is down. This is because the FastEthernet interface on the router is shutdown. The link between the PC and the switch is up, because the interfaces on these devices start up in an operational state. These link lights are a quick visual way to determine if your links are operational.

Remember that the default state of a router interface is shutdown.

Red indicates that the link is down.



5. CONFIGURING DEVICES

The Packet Tracer application has a basic configuration screen for all devices that can inserted into the logical workspace. The basic configuration options available depend on the type of device. Using the devices config tab, follow the steps below to configure a hostname and IP address on a router. This procedure can be used for all devices including PCs.

5.1. Configuring Router Hostname

To begin configuring a router or a switch, select the device by clicking on it and then select the Config tab. In the Global Settings window, enter a device name in both the Display Name field (updates the topology) and the Hostname field (updates the configuration). Note! The Display Name you decide to use for your device must be unique, if the text for the Display Name is shown in red, this name conflicts with an existing device. You can use the Erase or Save buttons to erase NVRAM or save the current configuration to NVRAM. In the Equivalent IOS Commands window, you will see the commands for every action you take under the Config tab.

Figure 9:

2. Type hostname in both places; one for Display Name and one for Hostname

3. Device name is updated in topology.

4. Equivalent IOS commands are shown here.

1. To configure a device, click on it and then click the Config tab.



5.2. Configuring Interfaces

Configure Router FastEthernet 0/0 Interface example. The default subnet mask will be filled in automatically when you tab from the IP address field.

To configure an interface under the Config tab, select the interface you wish to configure; configure its addressing, and then set the Port Status to On. The actual commands are shown in the Equivalent IOS Commands window. Configure the FastEthernet0/0 interface IP Address: 172.31.1.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (The subnet mask will automatically be populated.) Turn Port Status to On to activate the interface. IOS commands are updated and the link light is now green. Alternatively select the CLI tab and configure all interfaces

Figure 10:

Note that Bandwidth and Duplex can be set to Auto to simplify configuration for students that are new to networking.

1. Click on an interface to configure it.

2. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask.

3. Activate the Interface.

4. IOS Commands are updated and the link light is now green.



5.3. Using the Command Line Interface Mode

The device command line interface in Cisco Packet Tracer provides access to an extended set of switch and router commands. Packet Tracer 5.1 uses a simplified model of the Cisco IOS. It is not Ciscos intention for Packet Tracer to be able to provide the full command set. To be able to complete some of the CCNA labs, you will require access to live routers and switches. For a full list of commands supported in version 5.1, look for Switch IOS and Router IOS in the help menu.

6. ADDING NOTES

Notes are helpful reminders of configuration settings. Notes can be added, moved and deleted from the topology just like devices. In the example in figure 11, two notes have been added to the workspace to display network information.

Figure 11:

1. Select the Place Note icon

2. Click on the workspace and enter the required information



7. SAVING YOUR CONFIGURATION

Router and Switch configurations will be lost if not saved when the router is powered off. Computer configurations are saved automatically. Packet Tracer files are saved with a .pkt extension. You can save the files anywhere on

your computer or your network. Once saved, the file can be reopened and will contain all of the devices and configurations you entered.

Figure 12:

Save your file by selecting FileSave

Save your router configs by clicking the NVRAM Save button.



7.1. Verifying connectivity

There are several ways to verify connectivity in Packet Tracer. In Realtime mode, open a command prompt from the PC desktop and issue a ping just as you would in the classroom using real equipment.

Figure 13:

Ping your default gateway or any of the other interfaces you have created including any PCs. Remember that this is Realtime mode, so packets are processed in real time just as they are using real equipment.

1. Select a client pc from the workspace, and then select Desktop from the tabbed interface. Click the Command Prompt icon to open a command prompt from the PC.



Figure 14:

7.2. Simulation Mode

Most of the work in this packet tracer guide has been completed using the Realtime Mode. In Realtime Mode, your network is always running (like a real network) whether you are working on the network or not. Your configurations are created and modified in real time, and the network responds in real time. The Simulation mode allows you to create and examine packets, providing the user with an Event List of each PDU that was sent. Simulation Mode can also be used to observe network traffic in a detailed and controlled pace to observe the paths that packets take and inspect packets in detail. In this mode, you can control the play speed, allowing you to watch your network run at a slower pace, observing the paths that packets take and inspecting them in detail.



To switch to Simulation mode click on the icon as shown in figure 15.

Figure 15:

7.3. Creating a Simple Protocol Data Unit

The Add Simple Protocol Data Unit (PDU) button is essentially a quick, graphical way to send pings. You can send pings between devices that have at least one interface with an IP address. To send a ping, press the Add Simple PDU button (the cursor changes to a "packet" icon), click on the source device, and then click on the destination device. Note that pings will only work if the devices have configured ports. After you make the request, the source device will queue an ICMP or ARP packet (or both), which will be on standby until you press the Auto Capture/Play or Capture/Forward button. When you press one of these buttons, the packets will start moving and you can observe the ping process.

Switch to Simulation Mode.



Figure 16:

If you have correctly created the simple PDU, you should see icons appearing against the source device, in the events list and in the User Created Packet Window.

7.4. Event List

The Event List window records (or "captures") what happens as your PDU propagates through the network. If you choose to display all visible events, the event list will display all protocols running on the network. This may cause confusion and effect the performance of the host machine. If you wish to filter out some type of PDUs from the Event List, select the Edit Filters button and deselect any protocols that are not required. This will stop them being displayed in the Event List, although they are still being used in the network; you just do not see them.

7.5. Running the Simulation

Auto Capture/Play will play the simulation from beginning to end. Capture/Forward will move the packet forward one hop at a time with each click of the Capture/Forward button.

4. The PDU List will show the PDU information.

1. Click the Simple PDU icon.

2. Select the Source device.

3. Select the Destination Device.



Figure 17:

7.6. Viewing the Results

Packet Tracer simulations do not run on a linear time scale. Time is determined by the events that occur. An event can be defined as any instance of a PDU that is generated in the network. The Event List keeps track of all such PDU instances and lists their information in various fields:

7.6.1. Fields in the Event List:

Visible: An "eye" icon in the field means that an event is happening at the current simulation time. Packets that are currently visible in the scenario animation will have this icon in the field.

Time: This field indicates the timeframe that the event occurred, relative to the last time the simulation scenario restarted. This field is also the simulation time index.

Last Device: This field indicates the packet's previous location.

At Device: This field indicates the packet's current location.

Type: This field indicates the packet type. Info: This field shows detailed information about the packet instance, broken up into each layer of the OSI model.

The Event List window records (or "captures") what happens as your PDU propagates the network. As the simulation runs, events will be added to the list. These events show the packets state at each step along the path.

The Event List can be filtered to show specific kinds of traffic.



7.7. PDU Information

During a simulation, you can click on a packet (on the topology or the corresponding event in the Event List) to bring up its information window and view its details. The details window contains three possible tabs: OSI Model, Inbound PDU Details, and Outbound PDU Details. The OSI Model tab shows how the packet is processed at each layer of the OSI model by the current device. The process is further separated by the direction in which the packets are traveling - incoming versus outgoing. The incoming layers (In Layers column) show how the device processes an incoming or a buffered packet, and the outgoing layers (Out Layers column) show the process a device goes through when it sends a packet to one or multiple ports. The Inbound PDU Details tab only applies if the PDU you clicked on is being received on the device; it will not appear if the PDU originated from that device. The tab shows exactly what is in the header of the PDU, broken up into header type and the individual fields in each header. For example, a PDU may have an Ethernet II and an ARP header, so the tab will show information such as the preamble, FCS, and source and destination addresses. The Outbound PDU Details tab shows similar information for outgoing packets. This tab only applies if the device has a PDU to send. Most of the time, a device will receive a PDU and then, as a result, send out a PDU. In this case, both the Inbound PDU Details and the Outbound PDU Details tabs apply.

Figure 18:



7.8. Inspecting Devices

As the network is running, you can use the Inspect tool to view tables of the device as they are populated and updated. For example, to inspect the ARP table of a router, choose the Inspect tool, click on the router to bring up the list of available tables, and then choose ARP Table.

Figure 19:

What you can inspect Computers: ARP Cache Switches: MAC and ARP Table Routers: Routing, ARP and NAT Table

1. Click on the Inspect Tool button.

2. Click on the device you wish to Inspect. From the list, select which table you would like to inspect.



7.9. Device list

In addition to the Inspect tool, you can simply mouse-over a device to view details such as the link status, IP address, and MAC address of all the ports on a device. Note that the mouse-over feature does NOT show the state of the tables maintained by a device, like a switch, but rather a convenient summary display of port-related information. For example, when you mouse-over a switch, you will see a list of ports and MAC addresses: this is not the switch MAC address table (CAM table, switching table) but rather a list of the MAC addresses of the switch built-in Ethernet interface hardware addresses.

Figure 20:



7.10. Setting Preferences

From the Menu bar, select Options-->Preferences (or simply press Ctrl + R) to view the program settings. Under the Interface panel, you can toggle the Animation, Sound, and Show Link Lights settings to suit the performance of your system and your preferences. You can also manage information clutter with the Hide Device Label and Port Labels Always Shown settings. The Logging feature allows the program to capture all Cisco IOS commands that you enter and export them to a text file (refer to the "Configuring Devices" page for more information). The Simulation - Buffer Full Action feature allows you to set the preferred action that Packet Tracer 5.1 will perform. You can set the action to prompt if you want to be prompted when the Simulation buffer is full. At the prompt, you can either Clear Event List or View Previous Events. Alternatively, you can set the action to either Auto Clear Event List to allow Packet Tracer 5.1 to automatically clear the Event List when the buffer is full or you can set the action to Auto View Previous Events to automatically view the previous events. The Enable Screen Reader Support accessibility feature reads out all the titles and descriptions of the visible window that has the focus. Lastly, you can also change the base language of the program by choosing from the Languages list and then pressing the Change Language button.

Figure 21:



Under the Administrative panel, you can manage the background images that are available in the program. You can also set a password to prevent others from tampering with the images. Note that the password is case-sensitive.

Figure 22:



Under the Hide panel, you can choose to hide or show the Physical, Config, CLI, Desktop, and GUI interfaces in the device edit dialog.

Figure 23:



Under the Font panel, you can select different fonts and font sizes for the Dialogs, Workspace/Activity Wizard, and the General Interface.

Figure 24:

7.11. The Physical Workspace

The purpose of the Physical Workspace is to give a physical dimension to your logical network topology. It gives you a sense of scale and placement (how your network might look in a real environment). The Physical Workspace is divided into four layers to reflect the physical scale of four environments: Intercity, City, Building, and Wiring Closet. The intercity is the largest environment. It can contain many cities. Each city can contain many buildings. Finally, each building can contain many wiring closets. The wiring closet view is where you actually see the devices you created in the Logical Workspace; they are arranged in networking racks and on tables.



Figure 25: Physical Workspace

When you first enter the Physical Workspace, you are in the Intercity view (or "map"), see figure 25. By default, the intercity contains one city called "Home City." You can click and drag the City icon to move it around in the intercity map. You can also simply click on the City icon to zoom to the map of that city. The Home City also contains one default building called "Corporate Office." This building also can be moved anywhere around the city. Click on the Building icon to zoom to the interior of that building. All buildings are limited to one floor. From the City view, you can also return to the Intercity environment by clicking on the Intercity button in the Physical Workspace Bar. The Corporate Office contains one default wiring closet called "Main Wiring Closet." Click its icon to view its contents. You can also return to any of the previous environments (Intercity or City) by clicking the corresponding buttons in the Physical Workspace Bar.

To move into the Physical Workspace click on this icon

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