pace it - introduction to_ipv4 (part 1)

Introduction to IPv4 I.

Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger

with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues

into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse

workforces, improving processes, analyzing

business needs and creating the solutions

required— with a focus on technology.

– Introducing IPv4.

– IPv4 address classes.

PACE-IT.

Internet Protocol v.4 (IPv4) is a binary addressing scheme that is used for networking. It was finalized as a standard in 1981.

IPv4 is the most common network addressing

scheme that is deployed today. There is an issue

though. Because of its structure and the growth in

popularity of the Internet, most of the world has run

out of assignable IPv4 addresses. Thanks to some

forethought though, it is still a valid scheme.


– IPv4 works at Layer 3 of the OSI model.» Layer 3 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is

the network layer and its major focus is logical network and

host addressing. IPv4’s job is to provide the logical network and

host addresses.

– IPv4 is a 32-bit binary addressing scheme.» The 32 bits are broken down into 4 octets (8 bits), which can be

represented by 0s and 1s.

» For human readability, it is represented in a format that is

called dotted decimal.

– There are theoretically 4,294,967,296

possible individual IPv4 addresses.» Binary numbering uses base 2 counting, which means that

every bit that is present represents an exponential growth in the

value. So with IPv4 being a 32-bit number, the possible

maximum value is equal to 232.


– IPv4 address structure.» Some of the bits make up the logical network address.

• Think of your own physical address.

» Some of the bits make up the logical host portion.

• Think of a letter that is addressed to you at your physical

address. Each address needs to be unique.

» A device called a subnet mask is used to determine which

portion of the IPv4 address is for the network and which part is

used for the host.

– The subnet mask.» It is also a 32-bit binary number.

» It uses two methods of being represented (dotted decimal and

CIDR).

» If the subnet mask is used, it is applied bit by bit from left to

right.

• 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 255.0.0.0.

» Any portion of the IPv4 address that is covered by the 1s in the

subnet mask make up the logical network portion of the

address. The other portion makes up the host address.


– IPv4 has been divided into classes of

addresses.» Class A addresses: (have a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0)

• 256 = the possible number of Class A networks.

• First octet always begins with a 0 (0xxxxxxx).

• Address range of 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.

» Class B addresses: (have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0).

• 65,536 = the possible number of Class B networks.

• First octet always begins with a 10 (10xxxxxx).


» Class C addresses: (have a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0).

• 16,777,216 = possible number of Class C networks.

• First octet always begins with a 110 (110xxxxx).


» Class D addresses: (do not have a defined subnet mask).

• Class D addresses are special; they are used for multicast

network transmissions.

• First octet always begins with 1110 (1110xxxx).




IPv4 is currently the most common networking address scheme. It is a 32-

bit binary addressing scheme that functions at Layer 3 of the OSI model. It

is represented in a dotted decimal format to make it more human friendly.

Theoretically, it provides over four billion unique IP addresses. A portion of

the address represents the network ID and the other portion is used for the

host ID. A subnet mask is used to determine which part is which.

Topic

Introducing IPv4.

Summary

IPv4 has four classes of addresses. Class A addresses: 0.0.0.0 to

127.255.255.255. Class B addresses: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255. Class

C addresses: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255. Class D addresses: 224.0.0.0

to 239.255.255.255. Only Class D addresses do not have a clearly defined

subnet mask.

IPv4 address classes.

THANK YOU!

This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the

U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was

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or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training

Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.

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