p. 49

Vocab. p. 1045

Section 39.1

p. 50

• Illustrate all vocabulary words

p. 51

Target: I know how to identify if a disease is

infectious.

Infectious diseases are caused by the presence of pathogens in the body

Chicken pox is caused by a virusFood poisoning is caused by bacteria

Not all diseases are caused by pathogensSome disorders are inherited, like hemophiliaSome are caused by aging, like arthritisSome are caused by exposure to chemicals, like cirrhosisOthers are caused by malnutrition, like scurvy

What Is Hemophilia?• Hemophilia (heem-o-FILL-ee-ah) is a rare bleeding

disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally.• If you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time

than others after an injury. You also may bleed inside your body (internally), especially in your knees, ankles, and elbows. This bleeding can damage your organs and tissues and may be life threatening.

Outlook

• Hemophilia can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on how much clotting factor is in your blood. About 7 out of 10 people who have hemophilia have the severe form of the disorder.

• Hemophilia usually occurs in males (with rare exceptions). In the U.S., about 1 in 5,000 males are born with hemophilia each year.

• When a pathogen invades your body, it encounters your immune system.

p. 51What causes the symptoms of a disease? p. 51What causes the symptoms of a disease?

• If the pathogen overcomes the defenses of your immune system, it can metabolize and multiply, causing damage to the tissues it has invaded, and even killing host cells.

• Most of the damage done to host cells by bacteria is inflicted by toxins.

p. 51 Damage to the host by viruses and bacteriap. 51 Damage to the host by viruses and bacteria

• Toxins are poisonous substances that are sometimes produced by microorganisms.

p. 52

page 1025

Write the question in Fig. 39.2

Answer the question- use complete sentences

p.53

• IVF verbs

p.54

Pages 1029-1030

•IVF Summary of “Treating Diseases”– A minimum of four sentences using the IVF

formatIdentify the Topic Verb Finish your thoughT

The textbook …The section …The authors …Treatment …

p. 55

Vocab. p. 1045

Section 39.2

except: lymph, tissue fluid

p. 56

• Vocab activity for 8 words– Comparisons

• ___ is like ___, since …

– Word sort- min. 2 categories• the title of each category must be 3+ words

– Context • “quote from book” and page #

p. 57

Target: I Know how the body responds to injury or infection.

• The body’s earliest lines of defense against any and all pathogens make up your nonspecific, innate immunity.

p. 57 Innate Immunityp. 57 Innate Immunity

• Intact skin is a formidable physical barrier to the entrance of microorganisms.

p. 57 Skin and body secretionsp. 57 Skin and body secretions

• In addition to the skin, pathogens also encounter your body’s secretions of mucus, oil, sweat, tears, and saliva.

• Because mucus is slightly viscous (thick), it also traps many microorganisms and other foreign substances that enter the respiratory and digestive tracts.

p. 57 Skin and body secretionsp. 57 Skin and body secretions

• Mucus is continually swallowed and passed to the stomach, where acidic gastric juice destroys most bacteria and their toxins.

• If a pathogen manages to get past the skin and body secretions, your body has several other nonspecific defense mechanisms that can destroy the invader and restore homeostasis.

Inflammation of body tissuesInflammation of body tissues

• If bacteria or other pathogens enter and damage body tissues, inflammation (ihn fluh MAY shun) results.

p. 57 Inflammation of body tissuesp. 57 Inflammation of body tissues

• Inflammation is characterized by four symptoms—redness, swelling, pain, and heat.

• Inflammation begins when damaged tissued cells called mast cells, and white blood cells called basophils release histamine (HIHS tuh meen).

Inflammation of body tissuesInflammation of body tissuesHistamine released—blood vessels dilate Injury

Inflammation of body tissuesInflammation of body tissues

Injury

• Histamine causes blood vessels in the injured area to dilate, which makes them more permeable to tissue fluid.

Histamine released—blood vessels dilate

Inflammation of body tissuesInflammation of body tissues

Injury • These dilated blood vessels cause the redness of an inflamed area.

• Fluid that leaks from the vessels into the injured tissue helps the body destroy toxic agents and restore homeostasis.

Histamine released—blood vessels dilate

• This increase in tissue fluid causes swelling and pain, and may also cause a local temperature increase.

Inflammation of body tissuesInflammation of body tissues

• Inflammation can occur as a reaction to other types of injury as well as infections.

p. 58

• ½ page: Fig. 39.7 p. 1032

• ½ page: Fig. 39.2 p. 1037

Macrophage

Pathogen

B cell

Plasmacells

Surface ofplasma cell

Antibody

T cell

Antigenreceptorsite

p. 58

p. 59- 2 columns

Innate Immune System

1. Bacteria invades the body2. Bacteria is engulfed by macrophage3. Macrophage displays

antigens on surface in order to stimulate the T cells (Adaptive Immune System)

p. 59

Adaptive Immune System

1. Helper T cells bind to the antigens

2. B cells make plasma cells

3. Each plasma cell releases more than 2000 antibodies per second!

4. Memory B cells and antibodies remain in the blood and respond to future

invasions by the same pathogen.

p. 60

• ½ page: Fig. 39.13 p. 1038

p. 60

A B AB O

A

B

AB

O

Immunity

Innate Acquired Passive

Breast Milk

Active

Physical Barriers Inflammation Interferon Antibody Immunity Cellular Immunity Antibodies Vaccines

B-Cells

Antibodies

T-Cells

Helper T-Cells

Cytotoxic T-Cells

p. 61

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

Cause: AIDS is a serious condition that weakens the body's immune system, leaving it unable to fight off illness. It is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The virus attacks the Helper T cells.

Symptoms:The disease include a number of unusual and severe infections, cancers and debilitating illnesses, resulting in severe weight loss or wasting away, and diseases affecting the brain and central nervous system.

Treatment:There is no cure for HIV infection or AIDS nor is there a vaccine to prevent HIV infection. However, new medications not only can slow the progression of the infection, but can also markedly suppress the virus, thereby restoring the body’s immune function and permitting many HIV-infected individuals to lead a normal, disease-free life.

Epidemiology:You cannot get AIDS/HIV from touching someone or sharing items, such as cups or pencils, or through coughing and sneezing. Additionally, HIV is not spread through routine contact in restaurants, the workplace or school. However, sharing a razor does pose a small risk in that blood from a minor nick can be transmitted from one person to another.