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Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Overview of HL-2A Experiment ResultsOverview of HL-2A Experiment Results
SSouthouthWWestern estern IInstitute of nstitute of PPhysics Chengdu Chinahysics Chengdu China
Qingwei YANG for HL-2A TeamQingwei YANG for HL-2A Team
2121th th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Oct 16~22 2006 Chengdu IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Oct 16~22 2006 Chengdu ChinaChina
Cooperated withCooperated with
University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China
Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Tsinghua University Beijing ChinaTsinghua University Beijing China
MPI fuumlr PlasmaphysikMPI fuumlr Plasmaphysik Association EuratomAssociation Euratom German GermanAssociation Euratom-CEA CEN Cadarache FranceAssociation Euratom-CEA CEN Cadarache France
GA San Diego USAGA San Diego USANIFS Toki JapanNIFS Toki Japan
JAEA Naka Japan JAEA Naka Japan Kurchatov Institute RussiaKurchatov Institute Russia
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
IntroductionIntroductionSince the last IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in 2004 the plasma
parameters of the HL-2A tokamak have been increased significantly with the improvement of the hardware The stable and reproducible discharges with divertor configuration have been obtained by reliable feedback control and wall conditioning techniques
Up to now the main plasma parameters are as follows
bullBT 28 T 27 T
bull IP 480 kA 400 kA
bullDuration 30 sbullPlasma density 60 x 1019 m-3
bullElectron temp gt 20 keVbull Ion temperaturegt 800 eVbullFuelling sys GP SMBI PIbullHeating sys ECRH LHCD NBI
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
SMBISMBIPellet Pellet
Injection Injection 2500kW 2500kW 1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
15MW15MW50keV2sNBI 50keV2sNBI systemsystem
2500kW2500kW1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
2500kW 2500kW 1S 1S 245GHz 245GHz LHCD LHCD systemsystem
Thomson Thomson ScatteringScattering
CXRCXRSS
8-Channel HCN 8-Channel HCN interferometerinterferometer
VUV spectrometerVUV spectrometer
MW reflectometerMW reflectometer
ECEECE
Fast scan probesFast scan probes
Neutral Neutral Particle Particle AnalyzerAnalyzer
SDD soft X ray SDD soft X ray spectrumspectrum
Bolometer amp Soft X ray Bolometer amp Soft X ray arraysarrays
Other Diagnostics hellip hellipOther Diagnostics hellip hellip
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Operation regimeOperation regime The sustained divertor discharges are achieved
by reliable feedback control The low single null divertor is the usually used configuration on HL-2A
The high density discharges are obtained by gas-puffing SMBI and PI
The Greenwald limit can be exceeded
05
0000 50
1q
a
neRBT
Disruption
Greenwald limit
SMBI
Disruption free
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
IntroductionIntroductionSince the last IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in 2004 the plasma
parameters of the HL-2A tokamak have been increased significantly with the improvement of the hardware The stable and reproducible discharges with divertor configuration have been obtained by reliable feedback control and wall conditioning techniques
Up to now the main plasma parameters are as follows
bullBT 28 T 27 T
bull IP 480 kA 400 kA
bullDuration 30 sbullPlasma density 60 x 1019 m-3
bullElectron temp gt 20 keVbull Ion temperaturegt 800 eVbullFuelling sys GP SMBI PIbullHeating sys ECRH LHCD NBI
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
SMBISMBIPellet Pellet
Injection Injection 2500kW 2500kW 1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
15MW15MW50keV2sNBI 50keV2sNBI systemsystem
2500kW2500kW1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
2500kW 2500kW 1S 1S 245GHz 245GHz LHCD LHCD systemsystem
Thomson Thomson ScatteringScattering
CXRCXRSS
8-Channel HCN 8-Channel HCN interferometerinterferometer
VUV spectrometerVUV spectrometer
MW reflectometerMW reflectometer
ECEECE
Fast scan probesFast scan probes
Neutral Neutral Particle Particle AnalyzerAnalyzer
SDD soft X ray SDD soft X ray spectrumspectrum
Bolometer amp Soft X ray Bolometer amp Soft X ray arraysarrays
Other Diagnostics hellip hellipOther Diagnostics hellip hellip
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Operation regimeOperation regime The sustained divertor discharges are achieved
by reliable feedback control The low single null divertor is the usually used configuration on HL-2A
The high density discharges are obtained by gas-puffing SMBI and PI
The Greenwald limit can be exceeded
05
0000 50
1q
a
neRBT
Disruption
Greenwald limit
SMBI
Disruption free
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
IntroductionIntroductionSince the last IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in 2004 the plasma
parameters of the HL-2A tokamak have been increased significantly with the improvement of the hardware The stable and reproducible discharges with divertor configuration have been obtained by reliable feedback control and wall conditioning techniques
Up to now the main plasma parameters are as follows
bullBT 28 T 27 T
bull IP 480 kA 400 kA
bullDuration 30 sbullPlasma density 60 x 1019 m-3
bullElectron temp gt 20 keVbull Ion temperaturegt 800 eVbullFuelling sys GP SMBI PIbullHeating sys ECRH LHCD NBI
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
SMBISMBIPellet Pellet
Injection Injection 2500kW 2500kW 1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
15MW15MW50keV2sNBI 50keV2sNBI systemsystem
2500kW2500kW1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
2500kW 2500kW 1S 1S 245GHz 245GHz LHCD LHCD systemsystem
Thomson Thomson ScatteringScattering
CXRCXRSS
8-Channel HCN 8-Channel HCN interferometerinterferometer
VUV spectrometerVUV spectrometer
MW reflectometerMW reflectometer
ECEECE
Fast scan probesFast scan probes
Neutral Neutral Particle Particle AnalyzerAnalyzer
SDD soft X ray SDD soft X ray spectrumspectrum
Bolometer amp Soft X ray Bolometer amp Soft X ray arraysarrays
Other Diagnostics hellip hellipOther Diagnostics hellip hellip
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Operation regimeOperation regime The sustained divertor discharges are achieved
by reliable feedback control The low single null divertor is the usually used configuration on HL-2A
The high density discharges are obtained by gas-puffing SMBI and PI
The Greenwald limit can be exceeded
05
0000 50
1q
a
neRBT
Disruption
Greenwald limit
SMBI
Disruption free
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
SMBISMBIPellet Pellet
Injection Injection 2500kW 2500kW 1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
15MW15MW50keV2sNBI 50keV2sNBI systemsystem
2500kW2500kW1s 68GHz 1s 68GHz ECRHECCECRHECCDD
2500kW 2500kW 1S 1S 245GHz 245GHz LHCD LHCD systemsystem
Thomson Thomson ScatteringScattering
CXRCXRSS
8-Channel HCN 8-Channel HCN interferometerinterferometer
VUV spectrometerVUV spectrometer
MW reflectometerMW reflectometer
ECEECE
Fast scan probesFast scan probes
Neutral Neutral Particle Particle AnalyzerAnalyzer
SDD soft X ray SDD soft X ray spectrumspectrum
Bolometer amp Soft X ray Bolometer amp Soft X ray arraysarrays
Other Diagnostics hellip hellipOther Diagnostics hellip hellip
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Operation regimeOperation regime The sustained divertor discharges are achieved
by reliable feedback control The low single null divertor is the usually used configuration on HL-2A
The high density discharges are obtained by gas-puffing SMBI and PI
The Greenwald limit can be exceeded
05
0000 50
1q
a
neRBT
Disruption
Greenwald limit
SMBI
Disruption free
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Operation regimeOperation regime The sustained divertor discharges are achieved
by reliable feedback control The low single null divertor is the usually used configuration on HL-2A
The high density discharges are obtained by gas-puffing SMBI and PI
The Greenwald limit can be exceeded
05
0000 50
1q
a
neRBT
Disruption
Greenwald limit
SMBI
Disruption free
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
OutlineOutline
bull Introduction
bull Operation regime
bull Physics studiesPhysics studies
bull Summary and future plan
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen temperature SMBI temperature SMBI Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system with gas pressure of
02~30 MPa and LN temperature
A cluster contains about 250 hydrogen atoms (in average) at pressure of 10 MPa in this measurements
The cold molecular beam (LN temperature) can penetrate into plasma deeply
The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling LHYao et al this conf EXP3-21
P0 bar
SRS au
SRS~P014
center edge
Room TempLN Temp
SRS intensity of Rayleigh scattering
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Penetration depth scaling of SMBIPenetration depth scaling of SMBI The penetration depth is studied with FFT
analysis of modulated injection and tangential H-alpha array to detect the penetration depth
The penetration depth (working gas is at room temperature) is dependent on the plasma parameters and pressure of working gas
Asymmetric penetration using SMBI is observed in low density ( ~1times1019m-3) by ECE and soft X- ray The penetration depth is about 30 cm from the low field side (LFS) and only about 10 cm from the high field side (HFS)
306020 PTNCd ee
Amplitude
Phase
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Particle transport analysis with modulated MBIParticle transport analysis with modulated MBI
Particle transport is studied with modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometer
After the FFT the amplitude and the phase profiles of the first harmonic and high harmonics can be obtained
2)(2 D
Formula used
The particle diffusion coefficient on the Ohmic discharge is about 05 ~ 15m2s at ra = 06 ~ 075
It is about 14 of the electron heat diffusivity
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 27 29 31 33 35 37
fi rst harmoni c2nd harmoni cthi rd harmoni c
D(m2t)
r (cm)
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (1)
A novel design of three-step Langmuir probes is developed for ZF detection
The radial component of electric field and gradient of Er
The poloidal and toroidal coherencies of electric potential can be calculated using Φ1~Φ6 and Φ1~Φ11 respectively
rE fffr )2)(( 3211 232541 )2)(( rrE fffffr
]|)(|)()([)()(ˆ 233
221
233
2 ffvfvfBfb fr
)()()()( 213
3212
3 ffffvfvfB fr
Bdv ffr )( 31 BEv r 1
225
θ 65cmd
T PB I
Toroidal
Poloidal
Radial
40mmr
θ2 70mm θ1 45mm
Poloidal
12
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
1112
13
14
15
A
B
C
To explore the generation mechanism of the GAM ZFs squared cross-bicoherence is calculated
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Study of toroidal symmetry of GAM ZFs (2) Toroidal symmetry (n ~ 0) of the GAM zonal
flow in a tokamak is identified for the first time
3-D spatial features of the GAM ZFs are analyzed simultaneously
Nonlinear three wave coupling is identified to be a plausible physical mechanism for the generation of the GAM ZFs
Studies of interactions between the ZFs and the ambient turbulences are in progress
KJZhao et al Physical Review Letters 96 (2006) 255004
LWYan et al this conf EXP4-35
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Confinement improvement after pelIet injectionConfinement improvement after pelIet injection
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashI(kA)
0
3
6
9
1 2
1 5
1 8
mdashVp(V)
0
1 5
3 0
4 5
6 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashne(10
12cm
-3)
0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 t ( m s )
mdashTe(au
)r=1cm
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
mdashTe(au
)r=35cm
0
0 0 4
0 0 8
0 1 2
0 1 6
0 2
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashVUV(a
u)
0
0 5
1
1 5
2
2 5
3
mdashBoL_
01(au)
0
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 1 8
0 2 4
0 3
0 4 0 0 8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 0t ( m s )
mdashβ
0
0 2
0 4
0 6
0 8
mdashτ
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
r (cm)
Te
(au
)
shot4050
t=700mst=710mst=750mst=800ms
The q profile is reconstructed with TRANSP code using experimental data
The weak magnetic shear is achieved after PI
The improved confinement sustains about 500 ms
bull XTDing et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2502
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
300 700 1100 1500 1900
r=202mm
r=238mm
Χ e m2s-1
t ms
Three pellets are injected during this time TeTi ~ 1
TeTi ~ 15
χe in plasma peripheral decreases after PI
Evidence of confinement time dependence of TeTi is observed
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Al and Ti are injected into plasma using laser blow-off
the transport of impurity in plasma center is slower than that in the outer region
The transient asymmetric profile inward transport and outward diffusion are observed using tomography of the soft X ray radiation
D 05 ~ 10 m2s V 1 ~10 ms at 02 lt ra lt 08
Investigation of impurity transport with LBOInvestigation of impurity transport with LBO
bull ZYCui YHuang PSun et al Chin Phys Lett Vol23 (2006) 2143
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Most of the plasma current quench time is 4~6 ms in the major disruptions
The induced loop-voltage is proportional to the current quench rate
The disruption regime in the dIP0S~tqS plane is identified
A new parameter is introduced to predict disruption The physical meaning of this parameter is the amplitude multiplies the period of MHD perturbation
The disruption mitigation by noble gas (Neon and Argon) puffing are demonstrated
Statistic analysis of disruptionStatistic analysis of disruption
dtB ~
JP0 MAm201 10
01
1000
ΔtS msm2
HL-2A
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
The saturated sawtooth and strong m = 1 precursor is found during on-axis ECRH
The period of sawtooth decreases during on-axis ECRH discharges
The heat transport increases in on-axis ECRH discharges
Sawtooth behaviours in ECRH experimentSawtooth behaviours in ECRH experiment
bull Yi Liu et al this conf EXP8-13
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI)
This m = 1 mode is detected by soft X ray arrays but not detected by Mirnov coils
An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is observed during the decay of m = 1 mode
Coupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillationCoupling between m = 1 and m = 2 oscillation
Snake
m = 1m = 1
m = 2m = 2 Mirnov
SX04
SX07
SX10
1650 1850t ms
SX13
SX15
SX13 SX15
Freq kHz
10
0
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
In experiment the phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime is observed with ne = 15times1019m-3 in main plasma
Numerical analysis of HL-2A divertor discharges is done using SOLPS 50 code
It is the linear regime at ne le 05times1019m-3Detached phenomenon appears at 2times1019m-3 le ne le 3times1019m-3
The reason for the easy detachment may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats
Detached divertor is observedDetached divertor is observed
ne = 05times1019m-3 ne = 25times1019m-3 ne = 30times1019m-3
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (1)Summary and future plan (1) The detailed investigations of SMBI are carried out A penetration depth scaling
is revealed The LNT SMBI can penetrate into plasma more deep The MBI with clusters may be of benefit for deeper fuelling The penetration depth of SMBI is much deeper in LFS than in HFS at low density discharges
The particle diffusion coefficient is about 05~15m2s in plasma peripheral region using microwave reflectometer and modulated SMBI
3-D features of GAM ZFs are determined with novel designed 3-step Langmuir probes The symmetries (m=0~1 n = 0) of the directly measured low frequency (7~9 kHz) electric potential and field are simultaneously observed
The diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity V of impurity are fitted using LBO D = 05~10 m2s V = 1 ~ 10 ms
A new parameter is introduced to predict the disruption The noble gas injection successfully increase the current quench time from 5 ms to longer than 20 ms
A large persistent m = 1 perturbation of snake structure is observed in sawtooth free plasma after PI (or SMBI) An m = 2 magnetic perturbation with the same frequency is induced by the m = 1 mode
The detached (or partially detached) divertor regime is easily occurrence even in the intermediate density operation The reason may be the long divertor legs and thin divertor throats The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
Summary and future plan (2)Summary and future plan (2)bull H - mode operation and physicsH - mode operation and physics
bull Realizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHRealizing the H-mode discharge by ECRHbull Pedestal physics studiesPedestal physics studies
bull High Beta operationHigh Beta operationbull Confinement Confinement bull Impurity particle transport thermal transportImpurity particle transport thermal transportbull Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD Synergy of ECCD amp LHCD using 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCDusing 2 MW ECCD and 1MW LHCD
bull Disruption controlDisruption control bull Disruption prediction Disruption mitigationDisruption prediction Disruption mitigation by SMBI by SMBI
bull Zonal flowsZonal flows studies of low-frequency ZFsstudies of low-frequency ZFs
bull MHD instabilitiesMHD instabilitiesbull Seed islandsawteeth controlSeed islandsawteeth controlbull Mode coupling studiesMode coupling studiesbull Investigation of ELMs in H-mode dischargesInvestigation of ELMs in H-mode discharges
bull Divertor physicsDivertor physics
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention
Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results Overview of HL-2A Experiment Results OV4-1OV4-1
ThanksThanksfor your attentionfor your attention