overview of education in health care chapter 1 1
TRANSCRIPT
Overview of Overview of education in education in health carehealth care
Chapter 1Chapter 1
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Overview of education in Overview of education in health carehealth care
Historical foundations of nurses teaching Historical foundations of nurses teaching rolerole
Social & economic trends impacting health Social & economic trends impacting health carecare
Purpose of patient and staff educationPurpose of patient and staff education Education processEducation process Role of the nurse as educatorRole of the nurse as educator Barriers to educationBarriers to education Perspective on research in patient educationPerspective on research in patient education
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IntroductionIntroduction Teaching is a major aspect of the nurse's Teaching is a major aspect of the nurse's
professional roleprofessional role Patient and staff education are important Patient and staff education are important
in nursing practicein nursing practice Families and patients must be prepared to Families and patients must be prepared to
assume responsibility for self careassume responsibility for self care Demand for nursing and nurse as educator Demand for nursing and nurse as educator
continues in a changing health care systemcontinues in a changing health care system
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Historical foundations for Historical foundations for teaching teaching role of nursesrole of nurses
Education is not a new thingEducation is not a new thing
Patient teaching is an independent Patient teaching is an independent nursing functionsnursing functions
Florence Nightingale devoted her career Florence Nightingale devoted her career to educating others about importance of to educating others about importance of nutrition, exercise,nutrition, exercise,…….etc..etc.
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Historical foundations for Historical foundations for teaching role of nurses contteaching role of nurses cont..
…….... 1918 the NLN observed the importance of 1918 the NLN observed the importance of
health teaching as a function within the health teaching as a function within the scope of nursing practice. scope of nursing practice.
1950 identified course content dealing 1950 identified course content dealing with teaching skills, developmental and with teaching skills, developmental and educational psychology, principles of educational psychology, principles of education common for all nursing education common for all nursing schools.schools.
Currently teaching is included within the Currently teaching is included within the scope of nursing practice responsibilities scope of nursing practice responsibilities (Nursing Practice Act NPAs) (Nursing Practice Act NPAs)
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Historical foundations for Historical foundations for teaching role of nurses contteaching role of nurses cont..
…….... JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation
of Healthcare Organization) established of Healthcare Organization) established nursing standards for patient education as nursing standards for patient education as earl as 1993earl as 1993
PatientPatient’’s bill of rights established the s bill of rights established the patient's right to receive complete and patient's right to receive complete and current information about diagnosis, current information about diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, in an understandable treatment, prognosis, in an understandable way. way.
To accomplish these goals, nurses need to To accomplish these goals, nurses need to be trained and prepared to provide patient be trained and prepared to provide patient education.education.
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Historical foundations for Historical foundations for teaching role of nurses contteaching role of nurses cont..
…….... Since 1980s the role of the nurse as a teacher has Since 1980s the role of the nurse as a teacher has
evolved from a disease-oriented approach to more evolved from a disease-oriented approach to more prevention-oriented approach.prevention-oriented approach.
This transition toward wellness has progressed “from This transition toward wellness has progressed “from disease-oriented patient education (DOPE) to disease-oriented patient education (DOPE) to prevention-oriented patient education (POPE)”.prevention-oriented patient education (POPE)”.
This new approach has changed the role of the nurse This new approach has changed the role of the nurse from one of wise healer to expert advisor/teacher to from one of wise healer to expert advisor/teacher to facilitator of changefacilitator of change
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Social, economic and political Social, economic and political trends affecting heath caretrends affecting heath care
National health care goals (healthy people National health care goals (healthy people 2000). 2000).
Established objectives to develop effective Established objectives to develop effective health education programs to assist health education programs to assist individuals :individuals : recognize and change risk behaviors, recognize and change risk behaviors, adopt and maintain protective health adopt and maintain protective health
practices,practices, make appropriate use of health care make appropriate use of health care
delivery systemdelivery system
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Social, economic and Social, economic and political trends affecting political trends affecting
heath careheath careNurses can play a role in educating people Nurses can play a role in educating people
about healthy and protective lifestyles.about healthy and protective lifestyles.
Growth of managed care, shift in payer Growth of managed care, shift in payer coverage, led to emphasis on outcome coverage, led to emphasis on outcome measures, which is achieved by patient measures, which is achieved by patient educationeducation
Importance of economic and social values in Importance of economic and social values in preventive measurespreventive measures
Political emphasis on reducing costs of Political emphasis on reducing costs of health care delivery, through preventive health care delivery, through preventive measures. measures.
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Social, economic and political Social, economic and political trends affecting heath caretrends affecting heath care
Consumers are demanding an increase in Consumers are demanding an increase in knowledge and skills on how to care for knowledge and skills on how to care for themselves and how to prevent disease. themselves and how to prevent disease.
The increase in chronic and incurable The increase in chronic and incurable conditions requires that individuals and conditions requires that individuals and families become informed participants to families become informed participants to manage their own illnesses manage their own illnesses
Increase in the number of older people, Increase in the number of older people, created the need for consumers to rely more created the need for consumers to rely more on self care to maintain health.on self care to maintain health.
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Social, economic and political Social, economic and political trends affecting heath caretrends affecting heath care
Major causes of death are diseases that are Major causes of death are diseases that are lifestyle related and can be prevented lifestyle related and can be prevented through health educationthrough health education
Advance technology increased complexity of Advance technology increased complexity of care, and gave clients ability to move away care, and gave clients ability to move away from health care settingfrom health care setting
Nurses are defining their role with a focus Nurses are defining their role with a focus on patient education as central to the on patient education as central to the practice of nursingpractice of nursing
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Social, economic and political Social, economic and political trends affecting heath caretrends affecting heath care
Early hospital discharge made families and Early hospital discharge made families and client more self reliant.client more self reliant.
Patient education is believed to improve Patient education is believed to improve compliance and thus improve health status.compliance and thus improve health status.
Emergence of successful self help groups Emergence of successful self help groups led to the public and nurse involvement and led to the public and nurse involvement and support for educational activitiessupport for educational activities
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Purpose, benefits, goals of Purpose, benefits, goals of patient and staff educationpatient and staff education
Benefits of patient education Benefits of patient education Increase consumer satisfactionIncrease consumer satisfaction improve quality of life improve quality of life ensure continuity of care, ensure continuity of care, decrease patient anxiety, decrease patient anxiety, Effectively reduce the incidence of Effectively reduce the incidence of
complications of illness, complications of illness, maximize independence in performing daily maximize independence in performing daily
activity life.activity life. Energizes & empowers people to be involved Energizes & empowers people to be involved
in the planning of their carein the planning of their care
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Purpose, benefits, goals of Purpose, benefits, goals of patient and staff educationpatient and staff education
The purpose of patient education is to The purpose of patient education is to increase competence and confidence of increase competence and confidence of clients for self managementclients for self management
The role of the nurse is to support patients The role of the nurse is to support patients through the transition fromthrough the transition from
Being invalids to being independent, active Being invalids to being independent, active learners, and participants in the carelearners, and participants in the care
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Purpose, benefits, goals of Purpose, benefits, goals of patient and staff educationpatient and staff education
Nurses role as educators enhances job Nurses role as educators enhances job satisfaction because of the benefits the patient satisfaction because of the benefits the patient gets.gets.
““illness can become an educational opportunity…illness can become an educational opportunity…a ‘a ‘teachableteachable momentmoment’ when ill health suddenly ’ when ill health suddenly encourages [patient] to take a more active role in encourages [patient] to take a more active role in their care”their care”
Staff development is important to keep nurses up Staff development is important to keep nurses up to date with new information so that they can do to date with new information so that they can do their job successfully. their job successfully.
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Education process definedEducation process defined A systematic, sequential, planned, course of A systematic, sequential, planned, course of
action consisting of two major action consisting of two major interdependent operations, teaching and interdependent operations, teaching and learning, which form a continuous circle.learning, which form a continuous circle.
Process includes the teacher and the learner.Process includes the teacher and the learner.
Education process should be mutual.Education process should be mutual.
The instruction content is based on The instruction content is based on assessment and prioritization of the clientassessment and prioritization of the client’’s s learning needs, readiness to learn, learning learning needs, readiness to learn, learning styles. styles.
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Education process defined Education process defined
Education process includes assessment, Education process includes assessment, planning, implementation, and the evaluation. planning, implementation, and the evaluation.
Teaching: is a deliberate intervention that Teaching: is a deliberate intervention that involves the planning and implementation of involves the planning and implementation of instructional activities and experiences to instructional activities and experiences to meet intended learner outcomes according to meet intended learner outcomes according to the teaching plan.the teaching plan.
Learning: a change in behavior (knowledge, Learning: a change in behavior (knowledge, skills, attitudes) the result from exposure to skills, attitudes) the result from exposure to environmental stimuli. environmental stimuli.
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Nursing Nursing processprocess
Appraising physical Appraising physical & psychological & psychological needsneeds
Develop care plan Develop care plan based on mutual based on mutual goal setting to goal setting to meet individual meet individual needsneeds
Carryout nursing Carryout nursing care interventions care interventions using standard using standard proceduresprocedures
Determine physical Determine physical & psychosocial & psychosocial outcomesoutcomes
Education Education processprocess
Ascertain learning Ascertain learning needs, readiness to needs, readiness to learn, & learning learn, & learning stylestyle
Develop teaching plan Develop teaching plan based on mutually based on mutually predetermined predetermined behavioral outcomes behavioral outcomes to meet individual to meet individual needsneeds
Perform the act of Perform the act of teaching using teaching using specific instructional specific instructional methods & toolsmethods & tools
Determine behavior Determine behavior changes (outcomes) changes (outcomes) in knowledge, in knowledge, attitudes, & skillsattitudes, & skills
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
PLANNINGPLANNING
IMPLEMNTATIONIMPLEMNTATION
EVALUATIONEVALUATION
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Education process definedEducation process defined
Patient educationPatient education:: a process of assisting people to learn health-a process of assisting people to learn health-
related behaviors in order to incorporate related behaviors in order to incorporate those behaviors into everyday lifestyle.those behaviors into everyday lifestyle.
The purpose of pt. education is to help The purpose of pt. education is to help clients to achieve the goal of optimal health clients to achieve the goal of optimal health and independence in self-care.and independence in self-care.
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Education process definedEducation process defined
ASSUREASSURE model is a paradigm that can assist model is a paradigm that can assist nurses to recognize and carry out the education nurses to recognize and carry out the education process process
AAnalyze learnernalyze learner SState objectivestate objectives SSelect teaching methods and instructional elect teaching methods and instructional
materialsmaterials UUse teaching methods and instructional se teaching methods and instructional
materialsmaterials RRequire learner performanceequire learner performance EEvaluate the teaching plan and revise as valuate the teaching plan and revise as
necessary.necessary.
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The Teaching Role of The The Teaching Role of The NurseNurse
Nurses play a major role in patient Nurses play a major role in patient educationeducation
Nurses must be trained in instructional Nurses must be trained in instructional skills in order to have successful skills in order to have successful educational programseducational programs
Some suggest that education should be done Some suggest that education should be done only by specialized nurses, or nurses who only by specialized nurses, or nurses who have a higher level of educationhave a higher level of education
Nurses must have a solid foundation in the Nurses must have a solid foundation in the principles of teaching and learningprinciples of teaching and learning
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The Teaching Role of The The Teaching Role of The NurseNurse
Effective education and learner participation Effective education and learner participation go hand in hand.go hand in hand.
Nurse can act as a facilitator, motivate Nurse can act as a facilitator, motivate individual to learn, create a positive individual to learn, create a positive environment for learning.environment for learning.
Nurse can act as a coordinator of teaching Nurse can act as a coordinator of teaching efforts and client advocate (support) efforts and client advocate (support)
The teaching role is a unique part of our The teaching role is a unique part of our professional domainprofessional domain
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Barriers to education and Barriers to education and obstacles to learningobstacles to learning
Barriers to education:Barriers to education:are those factors that interfere with the are those factors that interfere with the
nursenurse’’s ability to deliver educational s ability to deliver educational services.services.
Obstacles to learning:Obstacles to learning:are factors that negatively affect the ability of are factors that negatively affect the ability of
learner to pay attention to and process learner to pay attention to and process information. information.
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Barriers to teachingBarriers to teaching
Lack of Time to teach is cited by nursesLack of Time to teach is cited by nurses Lack of competency & ability of the nursesLack of competency & ability of the nurses Low priority is often assigned to patient Low priority is often assigned to patient
education by administratorseducation by administrators Lack of proper environmentLack of proper environment An absence of third-party reimbursement to An absence of third-party reimbursement to
support pt education pt. support pt education pt. Some nurses and physician question Some nurses and physician question
whether pt. education is effective as a mean whether pt. education is effective as a mean to improve health outcomes.to improve health outcomes.
Lack of documentation of patient educationLack of documentation of patient education
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Obstacles to learningObstacles to learning
Lack of time because of rapid patient Lack of time because of rapid patient dischargedischarge
The stress and anxiety of the disease affects The stress and anxiety of the disease affects learners ability to learnlearners ability to learn
The negative environment of the hospital, The negative environment of the hospital, lack of control, lack of privacy, social lack of control, lack of privacy, social isolation affect the patientisolation affect the patient’’s active role in s active role in decision making & involvement in the decision making & involvement in the teaching-learning process.teaching-learning process.
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Obstacles to learning Obstacles to learning contcont..
LearnerLearner’’s characteristics like readiness to s characteristics like readiness to learn, motivation, and compliancelearn, motivation, and compliance
The amount of change needed from the The amount of change needed from the learner can dissuade (discourage) from learner can dissuade (discourage) from accomplishing objectivesaccomplishing objectives
Lack of supportLack of support
Inconvenience, complexity of the health care Inconvenience, complexity of the health care system results in frustration and abandonment system results in frustration and abandonment of the learning and the learning objectives of the learning and the learning objectives
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