Outflows in nearby AGN and their relation with radio jets

Thaisa Storchi Bergmann

Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Leiden Conference on Powerful Radio Galaxies, November 2009

Outflows in nearby AGN and their relation with radio jets

Collaborators: Riffel, Simões Lopes, McGregor, Barbosa, Nemmen, Schnorr

Müller, Winge, Axon,Robinson, Martini, Fathi

Integral Field Units at Gemini: “3D” spectroscopy

Optical: GMOS

FOV: 3.5”x5” or 5”x7”

Sampling 0.2” , Res. 0.6”

R~3000, λ6000 - λ9500A

Near-IR: NIFS+ALTAIR

FOV: 3” x3”

Sampling: 0.04”×0.1”

Res. 0.1”

R~6000, J, H & K-band

Kinematics in Seyferts: [SIII]9069 + CaT (Barbosa et al. 2009)

NGC 3227

6 Nearby Seyferts: centroid velocity maps of inner ~400 pc from fits to [SIII]9069Å emission line:

(1)Stellar kinematics (CaT): circular rotation;

(2)Gas: circular rotation plus outflowing component (~200 km/s), highest velocities away from the nucleus;

(3)Gas emission is not restricted to outflow; gas not outflowing shows circular rotation (origin: galaxy plane);

(4)Outflows associated with radio structure; ejection in “blobs”; increased velocity dispersion;

NGC 3516

Kinematics in Seyferts: [SIII]9069 + CaT (Barbosa et al. 2009)

6 Nearby Seyferts: centroid velocity maps of inner ~400 pc from fits to [SIII]9069Å emission line:

(1)Stellar kinematics (CaT): circular rotation;

(2)Gas: circular rotation plus outflowing component (~200 km/s), highest velocities away from the nucleus;

(3)Gas emission is not restricted to outflow; gas not outflowing shows circular rotation (origin: galaxy plane);

(4)Outflows associated with radio structure; ejection in “blobs”; increased velocity dispersion;

Channel maps

NGC3227

Stockton et al. 2007

Centroid velocity maps (center of profiles): highest velocities away from the nucleus acceleration to ~100 pc?

NEW: Channel maps show high velocities (wings of the profiles) at the nucleus no acceleration

Channel maps

Mass outflow rate: 10-2 Myr-1 ~ 10 times accretion rate -> gas from ISM

Kinetic power of outflow ~10-4 Lbol

If origin is push by radio jet, mass outflow rate in the jet: 10-5 times the accretion rate

NGC3516

GNIRS IFU observations (Riffel, R. A. et al. 2006)

ESO428-G14:

Seyfert 2

IFU Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS)

FOV: 3" x 5"

J and K bands

Relation with radio jet: channel maps (Riffel, R. A. et al. 2006)

White contours: radio image; Brγ kinematics follows radio component; rotation component more important in in H2.

Feeding & feedback in NGC4151 (Storchi-Bergmann et al. 2009a)

Molecular gas avoids cone, Te~2000K

Coronal gas barely resolved

[Fe II] enhanced by shocks: Ne~4000 cm-3, Te~15000K

NGC4151 channel maps: Storch-Bergmann et al. 2009b

Highest blueshifts at the nucleus and along axis of cone (dashed line); no evidence of acceleration suggested by [OIII] kinematics (Das et al. 2005)

Low velocities: loss of conical shape ionized gas in the equatorial plane of the bicone “torus” has “holes’’ and ionizes gas from the galaxy ISM

Stockton et al. 2007

NGC4151 channel maps: relation with radio jet (blue)

Radio structure along horizontal axis, [FeII] flux distribution along dashed line distinct origins for radio jet (accretion disk funnel) and emission-line outflows (accretion disk wind)

Flux distribution correlates with radio emission near zero velocity jet launched ~ along plane of sky (~galaxy) and compresses gas on its way out

H2 Channel maps

Lower velocities, small blue to redshifts around minor axis rotation feeding ? (inflows in HI along bar - Mundell et al. 1999 ~ minor axis)

Further results for NGC 4151:

Ionized gas mass: 2 x 106 Msun

Mass of hot molecular gas: 240 solar masses; estimated total 106 larger: ~108 Msun; probably accumulated by observed inflow in HI along the bar: FEEDING

Mass outflow rate ~ 2 Msun yr-1 ~ 200 x the accretion rate origin of the gas: circumnuclear ISM pushed by a nuclear outflow (disk wind): FEEDBACK

Kinetic power of outflow (only from wind, not radio): 3 x 10-3 Lbol

In 107 yrs, enough to push away from the inner ~500 pc, ~108 solar masses of gas (estimated reservoir of molecular gas)

NIFS Feeding an Feedback in Mrk1066 (Riffel et al. 2010, in preparation)

Continuum and NIFS FOV

Stellar velocity field Gas velocity field: H2 disk: FEEDING

Mrk1066: channel maps (Riffel et al. 2010, in preparation)

Relation with radio jet stronger in [FeII]: FEEDBACK

Compact disk in H2: FEEDING

Radio galaxy Arp102B: Schnorr Müller et al, in preparation

EO host

HST: Hα nuclear spiral (inner 500 pc)

Nature of spiral: inflow as previous works? (Storchi-Bergmann et al. 2007, Riffel et al. 2008)

GMOS IFU

Hα channel maps Arp102B:

E arm: blueshift and zero velocity

Correlates with radio continuum (green) outflow, not inflow!

W arm: redshift and zero velocity

Summary/Conclusions

Outflows in nearby Seyfert galaxies:

Ionized gas observed not only along NLR outflows (feedback) but also in equatorial plane escape of radiation through “torus”; presence of gas in the disk (feeding?);

Molecular gas predominantly in the plane: feeding;

Outflows frequently related to radio components, but there are also unrelated outflows (e.g. NGC4151) accretion-disk winds (“radio mode + quasar mode”)

Centroid velocities map the brightest component: disk emission near nucleus and cone emission outwards apparent acceleration

NEW: Channel maps do not support acceleration

Mass outflow rates: 10-2 – 1 Msun yr-1 ~10-100 times the accretion rate origin of the gas: circumnuclear ISM pushed away by radio jet or disk wind

Summary/Conclusions

Comparison with LINERS (accreting in the ADAF mode), some of which central cluster galaxies, as above (Nemmen et al. 2010, in preparation):

L/LEdd= 10-3 – 10-2 for Sy, 10-8 – 10-4 for LINERs lower luminosity AGN

(dM/dt)acc= 10-4-10-2 Msun yr-1 for both Sy and LINERs

(dM/dt)jet/(dM/dt)acc= 10-5 for Sy, 10-3 for LINERs more mass goes to jets

Pjet/Lbol = 10-3 for Sy, ~ 5 for LINERs powerful jets in LINERs (~ powerful radio-galaxies)