Our Challenges and Response to

Cope with Climate Change

Kim Jeong-WookDirector of Creative Agrifood policy Divi-

sion

Table of contentsⅠ. Current Status

Ⅱ. Major Policies 1) Securing Stable Food Supply

2) Adaptation of Climate Change

3) Reduction of GHGs Emission

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

Ⅰ. Current Status

4

Continued decline to less than 50%

due to industrialization and acreage reduction”

46.5% 46.4% 53.5%66.9%

1) Food Self-sufficiency and Agricultural Population in Korea

Ⅰ. Current Status

Food Self-sufficiency rate

“

“ Agricultural Population

Ratio of Farm owners aged over 65

100%

｜ 2010｜ ｜ 2013｜ ｜ 2025｜

80

60

40

20

060’ 70’ 80’ 90’ 00’ 10’ 14

(year)

1970

15mil

10mil

5mil

1980 1990 2000 2010 2013

｜ 2007｜

2.8million

Securing Stable Food Supply

5

If the temperature rises 2℃by 2020, crop production will be short of demand

Rice 11% Maize 9%

(WWF report, 2011)

2) Global Food Projections under Climate Change

Ⅰ. Current Status

The major crop’s pro-duction will also fall until 2050

(IPCC 5th Assessment Report, 2014)

Wheat 14%

Soybean 5%

Yield Reduction by 8%

6

The average temperature over the past100 years

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

11

12

’10

‘50

Winter Spring Summer AutumnWin-ter(-

27days)

Spring(+10days)

Summer(+19days)

Au-tumn

(-2days)

2001-2010

2041-2050

3) Projections of Climate Change in Korea

Ⅰ. Current Status

Korea Global average

1.8 ℃ 0.75 ℃

Ko-rea

Global average

3.4 ℃ 2.3 ℃

Turning into subtropical climate

Change of seasons based on Seoul city

The prospect of average temperate in the 2050

(when it was compared to 1981~2010 year under the RCP 8.5)

7

(Reference: IPCC 5th Assessment Report and et al.)

4) Impact of Climate Change in Korea

Ⅰ. Current Status

1℃+

- Decreased production of 15~60% rice due to high sterilizing percentage

- Decreasing temperate zone fruit /vegetable and increasing subtropical zone fruit/vegetable

- Increase in damage due to flood and storm

- Rising concern over coastal infrastructure collapse due to sea level rise

- Rising concern over collapse of reservoir water facility due to increasing precipitation

- 30% loss of arable land in coastal swamp and lowland

- Partial desertification of arable land

0.5℃

+

3℃+

2℃+- Continuous shifts of the fittest arable land due to changes of the fittest land for rice, fruit, and vegetable

- Decrease in reproduction, weight gain, and livestock products due to high heat-induced stress of livestock

- Increase in high-temperature disease and insect pest and increase of pests reproduction pace

- Increasing chances of soil erosion during the summer & reducing fertilizer components

- Rising chances of livestock disease and infectious diseases

- Decrease in water resources available for inland & mountainous area increasing draught dam-

ages due to

rising amount of evaporation

8

Under the decreasing of food self-sufficiency and agricultural population,climate change is accelerating the food crisis

Promoting “CSA” for the stable production of food

5) Climate Smart Agriculture

Ⅰ. Current Status

Mitigation of Climate

Change

Stable Agricultural productivity

Adaptation of Climate

change

“Triple win”

Ⅱ. Major Policies

10

Self-sufficiency Rate of Rice 95.7%(2014 prediction)

Preservation · Manage-ment

Of Fertile Land

Attract Develop-ment

Demand outside of

AgriculturePromotion Area

1) Securing Stable Food Supply

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Renovation ofIrrigation facilities

Expansion of WaterSupply System

Expansion ofIrrigated paddy field

Reduce disastervulnerability

Resolve water shortage

1,256places 2,989places 52%(158,000ha)

(’12)

80%(243,000ha)

(’24)

59%(573,000ha)

(’12)

75%(652,000ha)

(’24)

Resolve frequent flooding problems

(’13~’18) (’24)

11

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Self sufficiency rate of field crops(2014)

※Maize 0.8% ※Wheat 0.7%

24.8%

11.3% 96.1%

Barley Soybean Root&tuber crops

150

100

50

02011 2012

Primorsky Krai(Russia), South East Asia→ East Europe, Latin America,

North America etc.

2013 2014

(Accumulated) Reported Number of CompaniesEntered Overseas

Field Crops Overseas Agricultural Resource De-velopment

Systematization of main producing area in field crops

2000 2014

39%

Field production

45%

Field production

61%

Paddyproduction

55%

Paddyproduc-

tion85

106125

149

1) Securing Stable Food Supply

(year)

(companies)

12

Breeds adaptable to subtropical zone

2) Adaptation of Climate Change

Ⅱ. Major Policies

2005~2013

140159

211

2014 2017

Adaptable Cultivation technologyto Northern-bound arable land

New and Exotic Disease Response Technology Prevention Technology of

External Disease and Insect Pest

Cultivation, Breed Technology DevelopmentBreed Development

Livestock Disease ManagementDisease and Insect pest Manage-ment

13

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Secure supply of water for farming

Stabilization of Agricultural management

Natural Disaster PreventiveFacilities

2014

5969

71

2017 2020 (year)

Support for Cutting-edgeGreenhouse

5,000ha(’13~’20)

Support for modernization of horticultural facility

10,000ha(’13~’17)

2) Adaptation of Climate Change

Agri Water Development ProjectExpansion of Agricultural Infrastructure

Expansion of Disaster-Resilient FacilitiesExpansion of Agricultural Disaster Insurance

commodities

14

Fields Available Technologies

High Energy EfficiencyWater curtain system, hot waste water, LED,multilayer heat-preservation curtain, heat-preserva-tion cover

Renewable Energy

Solar photovoltaic energy, geo-thermal energy, wind en-ergy,geothermal energy, terrestrial gravity, air source heat, small water hydropower energy

Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Reduction Animal manure·liquefied fertilizer use,green manure crop cultivation·topdressing

Utilization of Biomass (byproduct of agriculture and live-

stock)

Bioenergy production from animal waste, Wood Pel-let boiler,hull using boiler, Bio Energy(Ethanol, Gas)Production

Others

Livestock feed improvement, Water management on paddy field (Intermittent irrigation), Conservation tillage, Green Village(A village uses a variety of low carbon energy)

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Low Carbon Agricultural Technology in Korea

15

1,076ha(2013)

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Support for Renewable UseSupport for Energy Use Reduction Facilities

1,500ha(2017) 4,690ha

(2013)

7,753ha(2017)

Alternatives to Fossil Fuel : Renewable Energy, Energy Use Reduction Facili-ties

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

10,050 ha(2020)

2,375 ha(2020)

16

86%(2013)

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Expansion of intermittent irrigationon paddy field

Reduction of chemical fertil-izer use

88.1%(2017)

90%(2020)

Expansion of supporting organic fertilizer

225kg/ha(2013)

188kg/ha(2020)

2.5million ton(2011)

3.08million ton(2013)

3.2million ton(2018)

Cultivation: Expansion of paddy water management, Chemical fertilizer use re-duction

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

17

8 places (2013)

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Facilities produce bioenergy fromAnimal manure

21 places (2017)

30 places (2020)

Facilities produce Animal manure to fertilizer

High quality roughage supply

2.4mil ton (2013)

2.859mil ton (2017)

3.024mil ton(2020)

95places (2013)

243places (2017)

180places (2020)

Livestock : Expansion of animal waste management process and high quality roughage

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

18

Farmhouse that reduced greenhouse gas emis-

sion by utilizing low carbon agricultural technol-

ogy with national certificate

(ex. GAP, eco-friendly agricultural product)

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Low Carbon Agrifood Certification System

Requirements

When an item’s cultivation emits less greenhouse gascompared to average emission for the last five years

Certification standards

‘National Certificate of Agricultural product universal mark’

Valid for 2 years `12(7cases) → `13(31) → `14(71)

Low Carbon Labeling and Expiration

CO

2 E

mis

sio

n(t

CO

2/1

peri

od

of

cu

lti-

vati

on

·1year)

Aver-age(5years)

DisqualifiedQualified

Lower than national average

Above national average

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

<GHG emission>

19

CER(Certified Emission

Reduction) (10,000,000₩)

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Voluntary Agriculture-Rural Carbon Offset Program

Certification Process

Monitor(for 1year) and evaluate GHG emission comparing with the international

standards (by certified organization appointed by the government)

Incentives

Purchasing of reduced amount (10,000₩/tCO2)by the government creates additional income for farmers and re-

duces energy costEx. ｜ Farm households that use multilayer heat-preservation curtain

GHG emission fall

1,000t CO2

Government (MAFRA)10,000₩/tCO2

Carbon marketthat are required toreduce emission

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

*20,000₩/ton for non-Energy sector

20

Vegetable gardens on the ground,

rooftop reduce greenhouse gas

emission, provide leisure, educa-

tional activities

104ha

Ⅱ. Major Policies

Cultivation Area

2010

564ha2013

668ha2014

1,500ha2017

3,000ha

2024

Roof gardenreduces

utility costs by 16%

“

“

Activation of Urban Agriculture

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission

21

Reduce GHGs emission by reducing transportation range, Farmers can focus on cultivation

Number of Local Food Market Operating System of Local Food

3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emission

Ⅱ. Major Policies

(year)20122013

2014

2015

2016

32markets

71markets

100 markets

120 markets

3 markets

Exploring Local Food System : Consumption of locally grown food

Products

Farmer ConsumerCurator

Registration

Settlement

Introduction

Delivery

Purchase

4

1

2

3

Ⅲ. Policy Direc-tions

23

Busi-ness

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

ETS Infrastructure Development for Voluntary Trading CERfrom Agriculture-Rural Carbon Offset Program

ETS Implemented in Korea(2015)

Agriculture-ruralcarbon offset pro-

gramtechnology

ETS technology(Registered in the Ministry of Environment

Hot waste water use

Water curtain system

High efficient heat-preserva-tion material

Geothermal energy registered

Renewable Energy

Green manure crop

Slow-release fertilizer

Wood pellet boiler registered

Biogas Plant registered

Chaff Rice processing plant

registered

Green Village

Conservation tillage

Water management

Feed with less methane

Support for Low CarbonAgricultural Technology Support for Activating Carbon Market

Farm-ers

Carbon market

DirectTrading

ProxyTrading

Facility support Consulting support

Investment model devel-opment

Business-farmer Brokerage Promotion

Government

24

Promoting Mutual Cooperation between “Businesses Required to Reduce GHGs Emis-

sion” and “Farm-household Wishing to Reduce Energy Use”

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

Capital / Technol-ogy

CER

Businesses Farmers

Share installation cost

Secure stable reduction level

CSR (Better image of company)

Installation cost reduction Reduce energy cost

Certified emission reduction (CER)

25

Real-time DB

Forecast DB

Forecasted weather(30m)

Real-Time weather(30m)

validation

Crop cal-endar DB

PhenologyGrowth stage

Eco-physiology-

Risk assess-ment

(field level)

Farm land attribute

DB

Countermea-sures DB

Monitoring Network

Current weather (5km)

Digital Fore-cast (5km)

Mid-Term Forecast(Point)

Agro-mete-orological warning

DB

SMS Inter-net

Volunteer Farmers

12 kinds of service of temperature, precipitation, wind and etc. for 15 com-modities(5 kinds of fruit, vegetable, food each)

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

Implementation of a Farm-based Early Warning System for Meteorological Disasters

26

Big DataAnalysis sys-tem based oncollected date

Feedback system /Disease and harm-

ful insects report

AWS(Automatic Weather Sta-tion) Data with affiliate

AgriculturalSensor data

Nation-wide Agricultural Agricultural Intelligence

Item cultivation requirement alert AWS/Disaster alert based on

Weather forecast, orchard data Automatic Control Disease and insects feedback sys-

tem

Agricultural Intelligence System Leveraging IoT and Big Data

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

Front-end serverfor farmers

Farm-level Weather Observation Network with Agricultural IoT Sen-sors

Hyper-denseagricultural sensor

And Big data storagesystem of weather

data

27

Ⅲ. Policy Directions

Development, Dissemination and Expansion of Korean Smart Farm

Fan

Control Panel

Cloud Server

Soil Moisture

Sensor

Nutrient Distribution Control

Record

CCTV

Air Conditioning and Heating Control

PC

Giga Infrastructure Network

Router

Actuator(Window, Curtain)

InternalEnvironment(Temperature,Humidity, Co2)

Hybrid EnvironmentalControl System

External Environment

28

The future is not to be given,But to be created.