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Pengenalan SCADA - 06 1

Pengenalan SCADA

Sistem Komunikasi dalam Aplikasi Sistem Tenaga

1

Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng.Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI ITS

Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237Email: [email protected]

Pengenalan SCADA - 06

Objektif:IntroductionCommunication Needs of Power SystemCommunication TechnologiesExisting Communication Systems

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Introduction

Communications is the enabling technology for Power SystemNo single communication technology as being best suited for all power system needsRequirements must consider type, source, amount, frequency, and delivery requirements of data/voice transmitted


Communication Needs of Power System

ReliabilityCost effectivenessCapacity to handle data ratesAdequate to meet response requirements Ability to reach identified areas of power system Ease of operation and maintenanceSecurity (of data and of control actions)


Ability to meet response requirements

Response requirements (measured in sec.) are distinct from data rate requirements (measured in kb/s or Mb/s), and must be met independently.

Different functions have vastly different requirements for the delivery of the information; for example:

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Function Delivery requirements Open or close feeder switches 1-2 seconds Acquire substation status data 2-5 seconds Acquire feeder measurements 5-10 seconds Acquire meter data 15 min. – 24 hours and up


Security of data and control actions

Power System communication Data & Voice have critical importance.Communication security is a necessity.


Security of data and control actions

Your substations are an element of the country’s critical infrastructure – are you sure that you are in complete control?


Security of data and control actionsMaintaining the security of communications between the control center and field devices is one of the most urgent problems facing today’s control environment.


Communication Technologies

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Wired Wireless

Power Line Carrier Communication(PLCC)

Microwave

Dedicated Leased Line VSAT Optic Fiber Mobile Networks


Power Line Carrier Communication(PLCC)

Power Lines used for point to point communicationTerminal equipments used to send/receive data/voiceWorks on audio band width 20 to 20 KHzCarrier 30 KHz to 500 KHz


Typical PLCC Arrangement for S/C LINE PHASE-GROUND COUPLING

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CD

CKT-IE/W

B

RY

E/W

B

RY

CVT/CC

CD

CVT/CC


Coupling Types in PLCC System• Line Trap, Coupling Device & CC/CVT known as

Coupling Equipment• CD consists of Surge Arrester, Drain coil, Matching

transformer, Earth switch• Functions of Coupling Equipment

-Inject carrier signal to EHV line without loss-Decouple carrier equipment from EHV line

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PLCC---Uses• Voice communication• Tele-control• Tele-protection• SCADA data from RTU

13


PLCC---Prospect

• Easy availability • Cost effective• Ease of operation & maintenance

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PLCC--- ConstrainLimited bandwidth(4 KHz)Data speeds up to only 1200 Bauds possibleProne to Noise & InterferenceEffect of weather conditions-frost, high pollution etcDepends on physical connectivity of power linesNeeds government approval for carrier freq selectionNot suitable for today’s needs of automation like SAS, remote control etc.

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Fiber Optic Communication (1)Fiber optic cable functions as a "light guide," guiding the light introduced at one end of the cable through to the other end. The light source can either be a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser. Using a lens, the light pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down the cable.

The light (near infrared) is most often are used :850nm for shorter distances 1300nm for longer distances on Multi-mode fiber 1310-1320nm for single-mode fiber 1,500nm is used for longer distances.

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Fiber Optic Communication (2)Two types of fibre-

Multi mode > 50micron core -- Upto 2 KmsSingle mode < 10 micron core -- more than 20 KmsSelected on the basis of distance & bandwidth needsWave Division Multiplexing Used

Fast becoming common in utilities for voice and data transmission Offer many advantages

extremely high data transmission ratesimmunity from electromagnetic interferenceFree from licensing requirements

Cost effective for very high data transmission rates in a point-to-point configuration

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Fiber Optic Communication (3)Not as cost effective for applications, with

point-to-multipoint configurationModest data transmission speed requirements

Prone to cable cut in underground configurationRepair & restoration specialized work

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VSAT Communication (1)

Geo-synchronous satellite

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Earth Station

36,000 km

User site


VSAT Communication (2)Very small aperture terminals (VSATs) used for EMS/DMSFor data comm. most frequently uses a shared channel, to lower costs

Communications routed through a third-party network management center

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UTILITY CONTROL CENTER

SHARED HUB

SATELLITE

VSATs

NETWORK MANAGEMENT

CENTER


VSAT Communication (3)Various frequency bands:

C-band (4/6 GHz), Ku-band (12/14 GHz),Ka-band(30/20 GHz)

AdvantagesNear-universal coverageGood reliabilityFast installation

DisadvantagesCostTransmission delaysBlackout periods due to eclipsesAttenuation in heavy rain (Ku band)

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VSAT Communication (4)

n Several competing technologies Use of control channel on analog AMPS (Advanced Mobile

Phone Service), 800 MHz CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)

n The field is rapidly evolving (“2G” → “”3G”)n Currently, most applications are for AMRn Recently also being offered for applications in feeder automationn Potentially holds the promise of economical and wide-spread

coverage

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Tele-Control Protocols (1) IEC 60870-5-101 protocol (from RTU to Control Center

communication IEC 60870-6-502 (ICCP) protocol (between two Control

Canters) IEC 60870-5-103 protocol (for communication between IEDs

in a Substation) IEC 60870-5-104 protocol MODBUS Protocol ( MFTs) DNP 3.0 Protocol (Serial)---Master Station DNP 3.0 Protocol (TCP/IP)---Master Station IEC 61850 protocol (for Substation Automation)

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Tele-Control Protocols (2)

The Present SCADA systems use

IEC 60870-5-101 for data acquisition from RTUs/SAS

IEC 60870-6-502 for data exchange between control centres

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IEC–60870–5-101Physical Layer :

Information bit : 8 bit

Stop bit : 1

Parity bit : Even

Data Link LayerStandard Frame Format : FT 1.2

Maximum Frame Length : 255 bytes

Transmission Layer ( Station address field Length : 1 or 2 bytes )Unbalanced Mode :

Transmitted messages are categorized on two priority classes( Class 1 & Class 2 )

Balanced Mode :

All the messages are sent, No categorization of Class 1 and Class 2

Application LayerThe length of the header fields of the data structure are:

Station address 1 or 2 byte ( User defined )

ASDU Address : 1 or 2 bytes

Information Object address : 2 bytes

Cause of Transmission : 1 byte

Network Layer : Not defined as 870-5-101 is not IP based Selection of ASDUsASDU 1 : Single point informationASDU 2 : Single point information with time tagASDU 3 : Double point informationASDU 4 : Double point information with time tagASDU 9 : Measured value, Normalised valueASDU 10 : Measured value, Normalised value with time tagASDU 11 : Measured Value, Scaled valueASDU 12 : Measured value, Scaled value with time tagASDU 100 : Interrogation CommandASDU 103 : Clock Synchronisation CommandASDU 120 - 126 : File transfer Command

Master Slave

Request Message

Response Message

(User Data, Confirm Expected)

(Acknowledgment)

[P]

[P] = Primary Frame[S] = Secondary Frame

[S]

(Request User Data)

(Respond User Data or NACK)

[P]

[S]

Unbalanced

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Pengenalan SCADA - 06RTU

SCADA : Data communication architectureTFE

computer

Panel Multi-port Stallion Adapters

Panel multi-PortStallion adapters

SplitterModem

TFEcomputer

Modem

Modem

Modem

RTU

Modem

RTU

Modem Modem

Modem

TFEcomputer

TFEcomputer

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INTER-SITE communicationsProtocol management

ICCP within Open Access Gateway

Data acquisition and transfer to other center(s)Indirect remote control (from / to other control centers)

SCADA/ICCP Server

Other Sites/ICCP Server

ICCP

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CFE

S

M

M

RTU

CFE CFE

M M

M M

RTU

Normal RTU

CFE

Critical RTU

LAN-ALAN-A

LAN-B LAN-B

RTU Connectivity


Interface for RTUs reporting to Control Centre Through PLCC LINK .

RTU Location

RTU

Data (FSK)

AnalogPLCC

speech

PLCCData (FSK)

Analog

speech

Modem

Modem

Modem

Modem

Modem

Control Centre

Modem PLCC

Speech

RTU

Data(Fsk)

Analog

RTU Location Wideband Node

PLCCData(Fsk)

Analog

1

2

3

--

-

29

30

Primary

MuxSpeech

64 kbps Sub Mux

Require

Modem

RTU at Wideband Node

RadioRadio

Radio

Link

Primary

Mux

1

2

3

--

28

29

30

Speech

Sub

Mux

Modem

Modem

Modem

Control Centre

4 x E-14 x E-1

Interface for RTU reporting to Control Centre via Tandem PLCC/Wideband Link & Wideband Links


RTU

RTU Through MICROWAVE

RTU Through FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM

SUBSTATION/ GEN STN SIDECONTROL CENTRE

RADIOTX / RXMUXCFE

OLTEMUXCFE

RADIOTX / RXMUX MUX RTU

OLTE MUX


WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR EASTERN REGION

Barkote (Repater Shelter)

Ranchi

Tower #146 ( Repeater shelter)

Tower # 226( Repeater Shelter )

Kutra

Bargaon Tower # 313 ( Repeater Shelter )

SLDC

WEST BENGAL

ORISSAHatia

Belmuri

Burdwan

Mankar

MejiaWaria

HowrahSLDC

Durgapur

CTPS

STPS

Bokaro-B

Budhipadar

Patna

Hajipur

Fatuha

BodhgayaManpur

RajgirAtari

Biharshariff(BSEB)

Jamshedpur ( CS )

HVDC

Rourkela(CS )

Barchana

Naupada

Jajpur Town

Kamakhyanagar

Meramandali

Chainpal

Bhubaneswar

BIHAR

Jeypore(CS)

JayanagarSub LDC

Therubali

Narendrapur

Chandaka

SLDC

VidyutBhavan

Sub LDC

Sub LDC

Duburi

Mathkargola

Chandil

SLDC

LalganjMujaffarpur

SLDC

CPCC

CalcuttaERSCC

Kalipahari

Microwave Link with Station :Microwave Repeater Station :Fibre Optic Link with Station :Monitoring Centre :

LEGEND:-

Biharshariff(CS)

JHARKHAND

Maithon-G

Kahalgaon (CS )U /

G

Bamra

Mendhasal

Tarkera

(Repeater )Akusingha

Kalyaneswari

DVC HQ

TSTPPUnder PDT

100M

80M

60M

BackupPDT

Farakka(CS)

Jeerat

Kasba

Malda(CS)

Siliguri (CS)

NBUSub LDC

India - Bhutan

border at 90 km

30M

BackupPDT

100M : RTCC link between Jey- Dgp For Indrvati & Jeypore RTU & Backup link

Backup64 KBPS

Backup64 KBPS

Backup64 KBPS

: Under Ground Fibre

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